REPARIS WORKSHOPS ON ACCOUNTING REPARIS WORKSHOPS ON ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT REGULATION AND AUDIT REGULATION Professional Accountancy Education: Professional Accountancy Education: The Role of the Professional Body The Role of the Professional Body Masum TURKER Masum TURKER Former Minister of Economy, Istanbul Commerce University, Turkey Former Minister of Economy, Istanbul Commerce University, Turkey 14 March 2006, Vienna 14 March 2006, Vienna
Transcript
REPARIS WORKSHOPS ON REPARIS WORKSHOPS ON
ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT REGULATIONACCOUNTING AND AUDIT REGULATION
Professional Accountancy Education:Professional Accountancy Education:
The Role of the Professional BodyThe Role of the Professional Body
Masum TURKERMasum TURKERFormer Minister of Economy, Istanbul Commerce University, TurkeyFormer Minister of Economy, Istanbul Commerce University, Turkey
14 March 2006, Vienna14 March 2006, Vienna
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
The aim of the professional accountancy The aim of the professional accountancy education is to make the accountants education is to make the accountants gain knowledge and practical experience gain knowledge and practical experience that ensure them to cope with the that ensure them to cope with the issues. For this reason, it is important to issues. For this reason, it is important to develop an organization that provide develop an organization that provide knowledge and experience to knowledge and experience to practitioners as well as the academic practitioners as well as the academic knowledge and accumulation, in knowledge and accumulation, in professional accountancy education professional accountancy education
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
Without any doubt, there is a strict Without any doubt, there is a strict relation between high quality profession relation between high quality profession and the high quality professional and the high quality professional accountancy education.. The FUTURE accountancy education.. The FUTURE IMAGE of the profession is depends on IMAGE of the profession is depends on improvement in the education quality. improvement in the education quality. While the quality in education While the quality in education determining the professional quality, it determining the professional quality, it should also determine the quality of its should also determine the quality of its system in practice.system in practice.
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
According to a research on the According to a research on the prequalification accountancy training, prequalification accountancy training, almost 33 percent of the professional almost 33 percent of the professional accountants claims that the academics accountants claims that the academics should have very close relations with the should have very close relations with the market and ensure the overlapping the market and ensure the overlapping the theory and practice. In other words, theory and practice. In other words, accountancy education must be supported accountancy education must be supported by the practitioners and serve for the by the practitioners and serve for the production.production.
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
There is a continuing development and There is a continuing development and change in professional accountancy, change in professional accountancy, accounting standards and auditing accounting standards and auditing standards which determine the professional standards which determine the professional accountancy technique. For this reason, we accountancy technique. For this reason, we have been looking for an answer to this have been looking for an answer to this issue for last 20 years: “How would be the issue for last 20 years: “How would be the accountancy profession in the future and accountancy profession in the future and according to this how will be an education according to this how will be an education process?”process?”
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
The key issue is the training of the The key issue is the training of the professional members. For this professional members. For this reason, the main objective of the reason, the main objective of the professional bodies is to improve the professional bodies is to improve the training processes and to form a training processes and to form a internal training for the professionals.internal training for the professionals.
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
• Professional accountancy now becomes a Professional accountancy now becomes a global qualification. Thus the professional global qualification. Thus the professional bodies have to concentrate on the training bodies have to concentrate on the training activities to create a global accountancy activities to create a global accountancy profession.profession.
• In order to achieve this objective, the main In order to achieve this objective, the main guides for the professional bodies are the guides for the professional bodies are the IFAC’s International Education Standards IFAC’s International Education Standards (IESs) and the International Education Guides (IESs) and the International Education Guides (IEGs). In this issue the professional bodies (IEGs). In this issue the professional bodies has the main mission and the responsibility.has the main mission and the responsibility.
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
So, the professional bodies should carry out the following So, the professional bodies should carry out the following regulations consistent with the IFAC’s International regulations consistent with the IFAC’s International Education Standards which’s last one the 7th IES is in Education Standards which’s last one the 7th IES is in effective and the 8th IES related to the competence effective and the 8th IES related to the competence requirements for the audit professionals:requirements for the audit professionals:
• EnterEnteryy requirements for the Accountancy Profession requirements for the Accountancy Profession• Capabilities and CompetenceCapabilities and Competence• Continuing Professional DevelopmentContinuing Professional Development
IFAC’s International Education Standards authorize and hold IFAC’s International Education Standards authorize and hold responsible the professional bodies for both the responsible the professional bodies for both the implementation of those standards and high quality implementation of those standards and high quality education concept.education concept.
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
The professional bodies, responsible for the The professional bodies, responsible for the establishment of the training organizations, establishment of the training organizations, liable to make below training stages:liable to make below training stages:
• Practical experience trainingPractical experience training
• Theoretical trainingTheoretical training
• Training on latest development and Training on latest development and implementationimplementation
• Training on Information Technologies (IT) Training on Information Technologies (IT)
1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
We believe in that using the distance We believe in that using the distance learning will be crucial importance in learning will be crucial importance in the training programs for the mass the training programs for the mass and geographically diverse population.and geographically diverse population.
At the end of the presentation you will At the end of the presentation you will find the distance learning model in find the distance learning model in Turkey.Turkey.
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.1 Professional Accountancy Education in France2.1 Professional Accountancy Education in France
The French Accountancy Profession is The French Accountancy Profession is involved in each stage of the involved in each stage of the Accountancy Education:Accountancy Education:
• Continual Professional Development Continual Professional Development (CPD(CPD))
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES
The Common Content ProjectThe Common Content Project
• In 2002, 8 European Accountancy Bodies launched a joint project to In 2002, 8 European Accountancy Bodies launched a joint project to bring their professional qualification closer together by 2007-2008. bring their professional qualification closer together by 2007-2008.
• Common Content for professional accountancy qualifications aims to Common Content for professional accountancy qualifications aims to unify as far as possible the qualification for membership; maximize unify as far as possible the qualification for membership; maximize the common elements of the qualifications; retain nations elements the common elements of the qualifications; retain nations elements unique to each country and promote the free movement of unique to each country and promote the free movement of professionals across national borders.professionals across national borders.
• The consultation period on the proposals at the level of each of the 8 The consultation period on the proposals at the level of each of the 8 participating bodies was made in 2005. Final approval of the participating bodies was made in 2005. Final approval of the Common Content materials and learning outcomes will be given in Common Content materials and learning outcomes will be given in 2006. National implementation will be realized in the following two 2006. National implementation will be realized in the following two years. years.
• A Joint Oversight Board is to be created to decide whether each A Joint Oversight Board is to be created to decide whether each Institute has properly implemented and assessed the Common Institute has properly implemented and assessed the Common Content. Content.
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.2 Professional Accountancy Education in 2.2 Professional Accountancy Education in
SpainSpain
There are to main categories of There are to main categories of education of auditors:education of auditors:
• Access to the professionAccess to the profession
• Continuous Professional EducationContinuous Professional Education
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.2 Professional Accountancy Education in 2.2 Professional Accountancy Education in
SpainSpain
There are 5 categories of Continuous Professional There are 5 categories of Continuous Professional Education Education ((CPECPE))
• Audit Minimum. 40% of the total hours per yearAudit Minimum. 40% of the total hours per year• Accounting. 25% minimumAccounting. 25% minimum• Valuation 10% maximumValuation 10% maximum• Tax 10% maximumTax 10% maximum• Company Law 20% maximumCompany Law 20% maximum• Others. Maximum 10% of the totalOthers. Maximum 10% of the total
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.3 Professional Accountancy Education in 2.3 Professional Accountancy Education in
BulgariaBulgaria Annually ICPA Annually ICPA the the institute of the auditors in Bulgaria organizes institute of the auditors in Bulgaria organizes
practical classes for accountants and those one who prepare practical classes for accountants and those one who prepare financial reports. These classes contain the following aspects:financial reports. These classes contain the following aspects:
• Practical application of IAS and IFRS;Practical application of IAS and IFRS;• Practical appliance of the national accounting standards in force Practical appliance of the national accounting standards in force
as of January, 1st, 2005 for the small and medium enterprises in as of January, 1st, 2005 for the small and medium enterprises in Bulgaria;Bulgaria;
• Accounting frauds and possibilities for detection;Accounting frauds and possibilities for detection;• Financial planning and control;Financial planning and control;• Problems concerning the accountancy organization.Problems concerning the accountancy organization.
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in 2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in
TurkeyTurkey
Union of Chambers of Certified Public Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of TurkeyAccountants of Turkey, TURMOB is the , TURMOB is the umbrella of the 70 Chambers of CPAs umbrella of the 70 Chambers of CPAs and 8 Chambers of Sworn-in CPAs in and 8 Chambers of Sworn-in CPAs in 81 provinces. TURMOB has 81 provinces. TURMOB has approximately 70.000 members.approximately 70.000 members.
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in 2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in
TurkeyTurkey
There are to main categories of education of There are to main categories of education of professional accountants in Turkey:professional accountants in Turkey:
• Education of trainee professional Education of trainee professional accountantsaccountants
• Continuing professional Continuing professional educationeducation
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in Turkey2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in Turkey
Professional education is organized byProfessional education is organized by TESMER which is the education and TESMER which is the education and training branch of TURMOB (Union of training branch of TURMOB (Union of Chambers of Certified Public Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of Turkey). The professional Accountants of Turkey). The professional body usually benefit from academicians body usually benefit from academicians and and professional professional members.members.
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in Turkey2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in Turkey
Education of the TraineesEducation of the TraineesIn order to become a professional accountant, one must be In order to become a professional accountant, one must be
accepted as a trainee.accepted as a trainee.Programs applicable to the trainees:Programs applicable to the trainees:• Basic trainingBasic training• Training during the practical training periodTraining during the practical training period• Training for the professional accountancy proficiency testTraining for the professional accountancy proficiency testThese trainings cover the period form the beginning of the These trainings cover the period form the beginning of the
practical training to success to the professional practical training to success to the professional accountancy proficiency test.accountancy proficiency test.
Courses for trainees are carried out by the means as distance Courses for trainees are carried out by the means as distance learning, CD’s and formal traininglearning, CD’s and formal training
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in 2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in
TurkeyTurkey
Continuing Professional Continuing Professional EducationEducation (CP(CPEE))
Following programs are covered by CPFollowing programs are covered by CPEE::• Review coursesReview courses• Harmonization coursesHarmonization courses• IFRS coursesIFRS courses• IAS coursesIAS courses• Courses for the Information TechnologiesCourses for the Information Technologies
Means of CPMeans of CPEE are as courses, seminars, panels, conferences and are as courses, seminars, panels, conferences and congress.congress.
2. PROFESSIONAL 2. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN ACCOUNTANCY EDUCATION IN COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in Turkey2.4 Professional Accountancy Education in Turkey
• According to the current TURMOB’s “CPAccording to the current TURMOB’s “CPEE Regulation”, Regulation”, the professional accountants have to meet the at the professional accountants have to meet the at least 30 hours CPleast 30 hours CPEE requirement per year. In every 3 requirement per year. In every 3 years a professional accountant has to complete at years a professional accountant has to complete at least 90 hours CPleast 90 hours CPEE. .
• The current CPThe current CPEE regulation in Turkey will be amended regulation in Turkey will be amended according to the IFAC’s IES-7 according to the IFAC’s IES-7 Continuing Professional Continuing Professional Development: A Program of Lifelong Learning and Development: A Program of Lifelong Learning and Continuing Development of Professional CompetenceContinuing Development of Professional Competence
3. DISTANCE LEARNING 3. DISTANCE LEARNING MODEL IN TURKEYMODEL IN TURKEY
• According to the professional decision According to the professional decision taken by TURMOB, there is a taken by TURMOB, there is a professional lifelong educationprofessional lifelong education related related professional environment. The studies professional environment. The studies and the experiences have showed that and the experiences have showed that if the distance learning is selected for if the distance learning is selected for the continuing education, it would be the continuing education, it would be easy to achieve the aim of the training.easy to achieve the aim of the training.
3. DISTANCE LEARNING 3. DISTANCE LEARNING MODEL IN TURKEYMODEL IN TURKEY
• TÜRMOB has planned to adapt the TÜRMOB has planned to adapt the continuing professional education for continuing professional education for the professional members gradually.the professional members gradually.
3. DISTANCE LEARNING 3. DISTANCE LEARNING MODEL IN TURKEYMODEL IN TURKEY• The first stage is the practical experience stage of the trainees who will The first stage is the practical experience stage of the trainees who will
become professional accountants in the future. At this stage, the “Interactive become professional accountants in the future. At this stage, the “Interactive Training Sets” prepared for the CPA Proficiency Exam and for the Trainee Training Sets” prepared for the CPA Proficiency Exam and for the Trainee Entrance Exam. This training sets in the forms that multimedia, allowing Entrance Exam. This training sets in the forms that multimedia, allowing students to control their learning process, asynchronous knowledge transfer. students to control their learning process, asynchronous knowledge transfer. “Interactive Training Sets for the CPA Proficiency Exam” are designed to “Interactive Training Sets for the CPA Proficiency Exam” are designed to provide best way for the candidate accountant who have completed the provide best way for the candidate accountant who have completed the practical experience requirement and preparing for the CPA proficiency exam practical experience requirement and preparing for the CPA proficiency exam and the equal opportunity in this field. It contains 22 CDs including 7 subjects and the equal opportunity in this field. It contains 22 CDs including 7 subjects which are the subjects of the CPA Proficiency Exam. The subjects are Financial which are the subjects of the CPA Proficiency Exam. The subjects are Financial Accounting, Financial Statement Analysis, Cost Accounting, Accounts Audit, Tax Accounting, Financial Statement Analysis, Cost Accounting, Accounts Audit, Tax Legislation and the Implementation, Law and Professional Accountancy Law. Legislation and the Implementation, Law and Professional Accountancy Law. Content of the each subject is prepared by the leading academicians and the Content of the each subject is prepared by the leading academicians and the professional members. CDs’ interfaces are designed as simple and professional members. CDs’ interfaces are designed as simple and understandable and sets are aimed to be user friendly. In the training set, understandable and sets are aimed to be user friendly. In the training set, content of the subjects are combined by 40 hours video. The set also contains content of the subjects are combined by 40 hours video. The set also contains tables and animations are used in the presentations of the subjects as well as tables and animations are used in the presentations of the subjects as well as the self-reviewing minor tests and the glossary for the key terms. This set is the self-reviewing minor tests and the glossary for the key terms. This set is also supported by the internet. For this purpose a training website was also supported by the internet. For this purpose a training website was designed. In the website, candidate professional accountant using the training designed. In the website, candidate professional accountant using the training set can register for the classes on the website, access the updates and forward set can register for the classes on the website, access the updates and forward their questions related to the subjects to the teachers.their questions related to the subjects to the teachers.
3. DISTANCE LEARNING 3. DISTANCE LEARNING MODEL IN TURKEYMODEL IN TURKEY• The second interactive training set is the “Interactive The second interactive training set is the “Interactive
Training Sets for the Trainee Entrance Exam”. In this Training Sets for the Trainee Entrance Exam”. In this set there are 3 stages, including different contents, set there are 3 stages, including different contents, depending on the graduate level of the candidate depending on the graduate level of the candidate professional like high school graduate, college professional like high school graduate, college graduate and bachelor’s degree. This set includes 3 graduate and bachelor’s degree. This set includes 3 CDs covering basic texts, pretests and general CDs covering basic texts, pretests and general assessment test on 15 subjects. CDs’ interfaces are assessment test on 15 subjects. CDs’ interfaces are designed as simple and understandable for users. designed as simple and understandable for users. Thus the candidate can use the program without Thus the candidate can use the program without using keyboard. This set is also supported by the using keyboard. This set is also supported by the internet. The texts and the test on the CDs can be internet. The texts and the test on the CDs can be updated via internet.updated via internet.
3. DISTANCE LEARNING 3. DISTANCE LEARNING MODEL IN TURKEYMODEL IN TURKEY• ““Training Set for the Trainees” is a project Training Set for the Trainees” is a project
that also supported by the internet. that also supported by the internet. Trainees can follow the updates on the CDs Trainees can follow the updates on the CDs trough internet. The technologies used in trough internet. The technologies used in this project also allow the TESMER monitor this project also allow the TESMER monitor the student trough the CDs send to them. the student trough the CDs send to them. This process is not secret and within the This process is not secret and within the information of the trainees. In order to get information of the trainees. In order to get next level on the CDs one have to success next level on the CDs one have to success the test at the end of the previous CD which the test at the end of the previous CD which covers all the subjects on the current CD.covers all the subjects on the current CD.
3. DISTANCE LEARNING 3. DISTANCE LEARNING MODEL IN TURKEYMODEL IN TURKEY• To achieve the expected performance from To achieve the expected performance from
the distance learning training projects, a help the distance learning training projects, a help desk has established within the TESMER. The desk has established within the TESMER. The help desk is actively in charge of answering help desk is actively in charge of answering the points raised in continuing training the points raised in continuing training process and responds the questions as process and responds the questions as quickly as possible. The help desk is serving quickly as possible. The help desk is serving as a call center over the phone and internet. as a call center over the phone and internet. The requests for help raised in office hours The requests for help raised in office hours are responded immediately and others are are responded immediately and others are answered in the next office day. Having answered in the next office day. Having completed the current works, smart classes completed the current works, smart classes will be developed.will be developed.
Professional Accountancy Professional Accountancy Education:Education:
The Role of the Professional BodyThe Role of the Professional Body
