Sobha Ltd

SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT (23TH June ’15 TO 21TH July’15)

INTERNATIONAL CITY GURGAON SECTOR-109, DWARKA EXPRESSWAY

Gurgaon 122001, Haryana

Project Assigned

CLUB HOUSE

Compiled by –

DEEPAK SINGH AITHEMIA (Department of CIVIL Engineering) SHIVALIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DEHRADUN

Submitted to-

DESMOND BARNARD

(ROAD MASTER)

INTERNATIONAL CITY, SOBHA LTD.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am very thankful to Sobha Limited for giving me the

opportunity to undertake my summer training at their International

City Project. It was a very good learning experience for me to work

on this site as this project involved many new and unique construction

techniques and challenges.

I would like to convey my heartiest thanks to Er. DESMOND

BARNARD (PROJECT HEAD Infra Structure) and Er. ANUBHAV

GAURAV (A.P.M CLUB HOUSE) who directed me in this project

and gave an insight in it to what the project is all about.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank all the department heads and the staff of Sobha Limited forgiving their precious time and valuable guidance.

DEEPAK SINGH AITHEMIA

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SHIVALIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEHRADUN

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work presented in the Training on

“INTERNATIONAL CITY GURGAON (CLUB HOUSE)”

is mine and to the best of my knowledge has not been

submitted/undertaken elsewhere.

DEEPAK SINGH AITHEMIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SITE PLAN

2.0 INTRODUCTION TO SOBHA2.1 OVERVIEW

SOBHA LTD. PROJECT - CLUB HOUSE, INTERNATIONAL CITY

1. REINFORCEMENT 2. SHUTTERING (FORMWORK) 3. CONCRETING 4. SLUMP TEST 5. COMPACTION MACHINES 6. DEWATERING ARRANGEMENT FROM BASEMENT1 7. SLAB AND BEAM 8. SAFTEY 9 CONCLUSION 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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SITE PLAN

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INTRODUCTION

SOBHA LIMITED It is one of the largest and the only fully fledged backward integrated real

estate in the country.

This organisation has SOBHA was introduced in India in 1994. IT is Multinational Company.

headquartered in Bangalore and Today this organization has turnover

around Rs 25 billion.

primarily focused on residential and contractual projects.

Our residential projects include presidential villas, row houses, luxury and

super luxury apartments, and plotted development complete with foremost

amenities.

On the contractual front, this company constructed a wide variety of

structures for the corporate world including corporate offices, convention

centres, software development blocks, multiplex theatres, hostel facilities,

guest houses, food courts, restaurants, research centres and club houses.

Sobha has made a footprint in 24 cities and 13 states across in India.

We are a process driven organization and amongst the first companies in the

industry to obtain the ISO 9001 certification. We have also received the

OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2004 certifications for Environmental,

Health and Safety Management Systems.

Our company and its leadership team have been honoured with over 140

prestigious awards by various reputed institutions.

Sobha is an organization that is highly focused on delivering international

quality products in a timely manner with utmost perfection.

INTERNATIONAL CITY, GURGAON

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International City – Villa life right at the edge of Delhi

International City - a 150 acre exclusive villa community is located in the vicinity of Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi.

It is right next to the upcoming Dwarka Expressway and is the closest villa community to New Delhi. Located in sectors 109, 106 and 108 Gurgaon, International City is only a 25 minute’s drive from posh South Delhi locales such as Vasant Vihar West End, Shanti Niketan as well as the business hub of Gurgao

International City is a secured and low density villa community with just 6 plots per acre.

International City is divided into four phases. Phase 1st is spread across 36 acres in Sector 109, Phase 2nd is over 43 acres in Sector 109, Phase 3rd and 4th cover over 81 acres in Sector 106 and 108, Gurgaon.

With well-designed roads, environment friendly initiatives like rain water

harvesting, organic waste convertors, WTPs and STPs, along with 24 hour

power back-up and 3 tier security systems, International City provides for a

hassle free living.

Sobha Group Core Values

Respect for the individual

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Service to the individuals

Excellence in the pursuit of our goals

Management Team

Chairman(Emirates) : Mr. P.N.C. Menon

Chairman : Mr. Ravi Menon

Vice Chairman and Managing Director : Mr. J.C. Sharma

Deputy Managing Director : Mr. Ramakrishna

Executive Vice President : Mr. Raju Balan

Project Head : Mr. Desmond Barnard

Assistant Project Manager : Mr. Anubhav Gaurav

Customer Segment:-

Infosys,

Taj Group,

Dell

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HP

Timken

Bosch

Biocon,

Institute of Public Enterprises (IPE),

Hotel Leela, Ventures etc.

Project Information of International City Gurgaon – Club

House:-

Information on Staff and Labour:

NAMES NO.

No of AM,PM,SPM 1

No of PE

Total staff strength 5

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Total of execution staff 2

EVP,SVP 1

No of DGM 0

No. of PQS ( CA and PE) costing 1

No. of Engineers 1

No. of Supervisors

No. of Foremen

No. of Electrical Engineers/Supervisors

No. of Plumbing Engineers/Supervisors

Structure Information:

Type of footings Isolated, Isolated step and Combined

No. of footings and its typical

66

No. of columns and its typical

90

Quantity of Steel in MT 532.72

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General Information:

DESCRIPTION DETAILS

Super Built-up Area in ft2 66,021.91

No. of floors B2+B1+G+4

Super Built-up Area in ft2 66,021.91

Typical Plot area in ft2 89,938.07

Plot Dimensions

Estimation and Cost Information:

Total Estimated construction cost per ft2

66,021.91

Prorate cost per ft2 886.09

As on date actual cost per ft2

900.48

Variance cost per ft2 (14.39)

Total value of stock at site ( per sq. ft on SBA )

159.18

Establishment cost per day or preliminaries per day or over head cost per day

29,985.45

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Plant and Machinery cost per day

24,635.08

Quantity of steel per ft2 of SBA in Kg

8.06

Information on Planning:

Baseline Start Date 15-Oct-14

Baseline End Date 7-oct-16

No. of Months 18

No of days completed 186

No of days remaining for completion of project as schedule

355

REINFORCEMENT

3.1) Introduction

Steel reinforcements are used, generally, in the form of bars of circular

cross section in concrete structure. They are like a skeleton in human

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body. Plain concrete without steel or any other reinforcement is strong

in compression but weak in tension. Steel is one of the best forms of

reinforcements, to take care of those stresses and to strengthen

concrete to bear all kinds of loads

Mild steel bars conforming to IS: 432 (Part I) and Cold-worked steel

high strength deformed bars conforming to IS: 1786 (grade Fe 415 and

grade Fe 500, where 415 and 500 indicate yield stresses 415 N/mm2

and 500 N/mm2 respectively) are commonly used. Grade Fe 415 is

being used most commonly nowadays. This has limited the use of plain

mild steel bars because of higher yield stress and bond strength

resulting in saving of steel quantity. Some companies have brought

thermo mechanically treated (TMT) and corrosion resistant steel (CRS)

bars with added features.

Bars range in diameter from 6 to 50 mm. Cold-worked steel high

strength deformed bars start from 8 mm diameter. For general house

constructions, bars of diameter 6 to 20 mm are used Transverse

reinforcements are very important. They not only take care of

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structural requirements but also help main reinforcements to remain

in desired position. They play a very significant role while abrupt

changes or reversal of stresses like earthquake etc.

They should be closely spaced as per the drawing and properly tied to

the main/longitudinal reinforcement

Fig : providing reinforcement in slab

3.2 Terms used in Reinforcement

3.2.1) Bar-bending-schedule

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Bar-bending-schedule is the schedule of reinforcement bars prepared in

advance before cutting and bending of rebars. This schedule contains

all details of size, shape and dimension of rebars

3.2.2) Lap length

Lap length is the length overlap of bars tied to extend the reinforcement

length.. Lap length about 50 times the diameter of the bar is considered

safe. Laps of neighboring bar lengths should be staggered and should

not be provided at one level/line. At one cross section, a maximum of

50% bars should be lapped. In case, required lap length is not available

at junction because of space and other

constraints, bars can be joined with couplers or welded (with correct

choice of method of welding).

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.2.3) Anchorage Length

This is the additional length of steel of one structure required to be

inserted in other at the junction. For example, main bars of beam in

column at beam column junction, column bars in footing etc. The length

requirement is similar to the lap length mentioned in previous question

or as per the design instructions

3.2.4) Cover block

Cover blocks are placed to prevent the steel rods from touching the

shuttering plates and there by providing a minimum cover and fix the

reinforcements as per the design drawings. Sometimes it is commonly

seen that the cover gets misplaced during the concreting activity. To

prevent this, tying of cover with steel bars using thin steel wires called

binding wires (projected from cover surface and placed during making

or casting of cover blocks) is recommended. Covers should be +0made of

cement sand mortar (1:3). Ideally, cover should have strength similar to

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the surrounding concrete, with the least perimeter so that chances of

water to penetrate through periphery will be minimized. Provision of

minimum covers as per the Indian standards for durability of the whole

structure should be ensured.

Shape of the cover blocks could be cubical or cylindrical. However, cover

indicates thickness of the cover block. Normally, cubical cover blocks

are used. As a thumb rule, minimum cover of 2” in footings, 1.5” in

columns and 1” for other structures may be ensured

Structural

element

Cover to reinforcement (mm)

Footings 50

Columns 40

Slabs 20

Beams 25

Retaining

wall

25 for earth face

20 for other face

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Chairs: Chairs are used for slabs and it should be placed just before concreting, to avoid any deformation or displacement of the top bars due to human traffic on the slab.

RCC element Cover DistributionFooting 50mm 4 no./sq.mColumns & pedestals

40mm 1 no. per side for every 0.5 m length in both horizontals and verticals directions

Beams 25mm 1 no. per side for every 0.5 m length in both horizontals and verticals directions

Slabs 20mm 1 no./sq.m

Testing of steel:

The steel that arrives at the site should be visibly checked for any discrepancies. Deformed, severely corroded, cracked and split bars should be rejected.

Samples should be taken for lab tests such as:

Rolling margin test (to determine the weight per unit length of steel) Bend and re-bend test (to determine the ability of the metallic materials to

undergo Plastic deformation in bending)

Normal by reinforcement fittmistakes ers:

Spacing of the bar differ Each alternate junction of bars is not tied with binding wires.

Direction not proper, Column base is not tied to footing mesh.

COLUMNS

Initially a stirrup has to be tied to the mat by monitoring the marking as shown.

Then column rods are placed on the mat according to the specification.

Anchorage length for main rods should be 25d or 300mm as shown.

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Corner rods must be placed 45o inclined to column axis as shown, for proper distribution of load.

Things to Note

Reinforcement should be free from loose rust, oil paints, mud etc. it should be cut,

bent and fixed properly. The reinforcement shall be placed and maintained in

position by providing proper cover blocks, spacers, supporting bars, laps etc.

Reinforcements shall be placed and tied such that concrete placement is possible

without segregation, and compaction possible by an immersion vibrator.

For any steel reinforcement bar, weight per running meter is equal to d*d/162 Kg,

where d is diameter of the bar in mm. For example, 10 mm diameter bar will weigh

10×10/162 = 0.617 Kg/m

Three types of bars were used in reinforcement of a slab. These include straight

bars, crank bar and an extra bar. The main steel is placed in which the straight

steel is binded first, then the crank steel is placed and extra steel is placed in the

end. The extra steel comes over the support while crank is encountered at distance

of ¼(1-distance between the supports) from the surroundings supports.

For providing nominal cover to the steel in beam, cover blocks were used which

were made of concrete and were casted with a thin steel wire in the center which

projects outward. These keep the reinforcement at a distance from bottom of

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shuttering. For maintaining the gap between the main steel and the distribution

steel, steel chairs are placed between them

Weight of rebar per meter length = D2/162 …Kg/m, where ‘D’ diameter of the bars.

Structural members are of two types:1. Compression member2. Tension member

1) Compression Members Ex: Column, Retaining Wall etc.2) Tension Members Ex: Beam, Slab etc.

3.3 SHUTTERING/FORMWORK:-

The ‘SHUTTERING’ or ‘FORMWORK’ includes all forms, moulds, sheeting, shuttering planks, walrus, poles, posts, standards, ledgers, V-Heads, struts, and structure, ties, walling steel rods, bolts, wedges, and all other temporary supports to the concrete during the process of sheeting. Formworks are generally made by the timber, plywood, steel, etc. On our site, for columns, walls, Beams, staircase standard quality Plywood sheets are used and for raft foundation GI sheets are used and for slabs Flat plate system are used.

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Fig: formwork column fig: shuttering of slab

MAINLY GUIDENCE USED FOR CREATING OF THE SHUTTERING:-

All marking of formwork first of should be completed. Then the shuttering boards, which are ready for use, are placed along the marking.

Using a spirit level, the inner side of the plywood, Plywood are mainly checked in vertically.

For column, column starter is fixed to make sure that the column is located at the right place and Starters are mainly used in steel.

In case of retaining wall to keep both sides fixing bolt is provided using gauge plate, tie rod and for column tie rod is provided, which pass through the concrete..

Foam strip should be placed between the boards to prevent slurry loss during concreting.

Plumb bob should be fixed on the external sides to check the verticality during quality checking.

In case of formwork of slab the level is checked by instrument likes; Tape, Water Level Pipe, theodolite, Line Thread and spirit level meter.

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FORM WORK

Forms or moulds or shutters are the receptacles in which concrete is placed, so that

it will have the desired shape or outline when hardened. Once the concrete develops

adequate strength, the forms are removed. Forms are generally made of the

materials like timber, plywood, steel, etc.

Generally camber is provided in the formwork for horizontal members to

counteract the effect of deflection caused due to the weight of reinforcement and

concrete placed over that. A proper lubrication of shuttering plates is also done

before the placement of reinforcement. The oil film sandwiched between concrete

and formwork surface not only helps in easy removal of shuttering but also

prevents loss of moisture from the concrete through absorption and evaporation.

The steel form work was designed and constructed to the shapes, lines and

dimensions shown on the drawings. All forms were sufficiently water tight to

prevent leakage of mortar. Forms were so constructed as to be removable in

sections. One side of the column forms were left open and the open side filled in

board by board successively as the concrete is placed and compacted except when

vibrators are used. A key was made at the end of each casting in concrete columns

of appropriate size to give proper bondings to columns and walls as per relevant IS.

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CLEANING AND TREATMENT OF FORMS

All rubbish, particularly chippings, shavings and saw dust, was removed from the

interior of the forms (steel) before the concrete is placed. The form work in contact

with the concrete was cleaned and thoroughly wetted or treated with an approved

composition to prevent adhesion between form work and concrete. Care was taken

that such approved composition is kept out of contact with the reinforcement.

DESIGN

The form-work should be designed and constructed such that the concrete can be

properly placed and thoroughly compacted to obtain the required shape, position,

and levels subject

ERECTION OF FORMWORK

The following applies to all formwork:

a) Care should be taken that all formwork is set to plumb and true to line and level.

b) When reinforcement passes through the formwork care should be taken to

ensure close fitting joints against the steel bars so as to avoid loss of fines during

the compaction of concrete.

c) If formwork is held together by bolts or wires, these should be so fixed that no

iron is exposed on surface against which concrete is to be laid.

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d) Provision is made in the shuttering for beams, columns and walls for a port hole

of convenient size so that all extraneous materials that may be collected could be

removed just prior to concreting.

e) Formwork is so arranged as to permit removal of forms without jarring the

concrete. Wedges, clamps, and bolts should be used where practicable instead of

nails.

f) Surfaces of forms in contact with concrete are oiled with a mould oil of approved

quality. The use of oil, which darkens the surface of the concrete, is not allowed.

Oiling is done before reinforcement is placed and care taken that no oil comes in

contact with the reinforcement while it is placed in position. The formwork is kept

thoroughly wet during concreting and the whole time that it is left in place.

Immediately before concreting is commenced, the formwork is

carefully examined to ensure the following:

a) Removal of all dirt, shavings, sawdust and other refuse by brushing and washing.

b) The tightness of joint between panels of sheathing and between these and any

hardened core.

c) The correct location of tie bars bracing and spacers, and especially connections of

bracing.

d) That all wedges are secured and firm in position.

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e) That provision is made for traffic on formwork not to bear directly on

reinforcement steel.

CHECKLIST FOR VERTICAL FORMWORK:

Formwork components have been arranged as per approved drawing and

finish for concrete.

Approved drawings are available of the erected formwork.

Diagonal Dimension of the columns has been checked.(Corners are at right

angle)

Tie rods are in proper place and in tight position according to the drawing. In case of wall All sides are in the straight line along horizontal direction. No faulty material has been used. The face of Formwork is clean and shuttering oil is applied properly on the

form. Proper scaffolding is made for pouring of concrete around the Formwork.

CHECKLIST FOR HORIZONTAL FORMWORK:

The formwork system is resting on the proper levelled and compacted ground\RCC Slab.

The extension of the Base jack and u head is not more than 280mm. The thread is proper of the Base jack and stirrup head used. Proper Timber packing has been given between the inner and outer member

of Acro span. Formwork has been properly tied with permanent structure Column/wall

using 40NB pipe and 40 X40 Fixed clamp in both the direction. All erected cup lock/Props are in plumb.

Use full material for shuttering:

Base plate, (100*100mm)

Standard(vertical)

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Leggder (horizontal) (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5m)

Joint pin

U- jack

C- clamp (0.65,0.9,1.2m)

Tie rod (20mm*800mm) diameter16mm

Props (ms jack)

Acros Frame (2m close and expend up to 3.6m)

MS Sheet with size (900mm*600mm,900mm*300mm,1150mm*300mm)

MS rope

Ply, nails (ply 1220*2440*12mm) (nails 1.5’’,3’’,4’’)

Runner (2’’*4’’) (4’’*4’’) (4’’*6’’)

Plumb bob (100*150mm)

Wooden washer

Ms washer

Pucher

Concrete gauge piece

Swivel clamp

Saftey net

Cover blocks: Cover blocks are mainly made by the cement mortar which is the ratio 1:1 should be used to after the reinforcement is completed. This is protecting to the reinforcement. Shape of the cover blocks could be cubical or cylindrical. However, cover indicates thickness of the cover block. Normally, cubical cover blocks are used. As a thumb rule, minimum cover of 2” in footings, 1.5” in columns and 1” for other structures may be ensured.

Structure Element Reinforcement Cover (Top) mm

Reinforcement Cover (Bottom) mm

Reinforcement Cover (Side) mm

Footing 50mm 50 mm 70 mm

Column 40 40 40 mm

Beam 25 mm

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Slabs 20 mm

Retaining Wall 30mm for earth face25 mm for other face

Checklist:

Formwork levelled, cleaned, oiled Chairs provided are adequate Reinforcement bars are clean and straight

Metrial density

Steel density =7850kg/m3

R.c.c density =2500kg/m3

Cement density =1440m3

Concrete density =2400kg/m3

Brick density =1600-1900kg/m3

Water =1000lt/m3

CONCRETING:-

Cement concrete is a mixture of inert materials like fine aggregates and coarse aggregates with cement, water and admixtures. It is in a plastic state when it is fresh and can be moulded into desired shape, and attains desired strength upon hardening to take up static and dynamic loads.

Cement:

Cement is composed by the calcium silicates, aluminates and alumina ferrite. It is obtained by blending predetermined proportion lime stone clay and other minerals in small quantities which is pulverized and heated at high temperature around 1500 deg centigrade to produce “clinker”. When we mix the small quantity of gypsum in clinker which are produce to fine powder. This fine powder is known as cement.

Water cement ratio:

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Water required for cement proper mixing for it, application in various civil work. The weight of water is divided by the weight of cement is called water cement ratio.

Weight of Water/Weight of Cement = 0.5

Admixture:

Admixture are added to concrete to its preparation, so as to impart certain special characteristics to concrete; like fly ash, water proofing agents retarders, etc is called admixture.

Aggregate:

The aggregate are divided into two types, these are

1. Coarse aggregate 2. Fine Aggregate

1) Fine Aggregate :

Fine Aggregate is less than 4.75 mm. which is passed through 4.75 IS Sieve is termed as fine aggregate. Fine aggregate is added to concrete to assist workability and to bring uniformity in mixture. fine aggregates shall be such that not more than 5 percent shall exceed 5 mm in size, not more than 10% shall IS sieve No. 150 not less than 45% or more than 85% shall pass IS sieve No. 1.18 mm and not less than 25% or more than 60% shall pass IS sieve No. 600 micron.

2) Coarse Aggregate : Coarse Aggregate should be hard, strong, dense, durable, clean,and free from clay or loamy admixtures or quarry refuse or vegetable matter. The pieces of aggregates should be cubical, or rounded shaped and should have granular or crystalline or smooth (but not glossy) non-powdery surfaces.

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Fig showing the transit mixer filling the bucket with concrete

VOLUME IN METRE CUBE

1. TANSIT MIXER =9m3

2. BUCKET =.2m3 to .5m3

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TRANSIT MIXER AND CONCRETE PUMPING MACHINE

CONCRETE IS PUMPING OUT ON SITE

Tools required:

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1. Slump Cone with tamping rod2. Cube Moulds3. Auto Level and Leveling Staff4. Concrete Pusher5. Concrete Finisher6. Finishing Board7. Concrete thickness gauge (fabricated in site with 10mm scrap steel; to be used by mason for leveling concrete during placing)8. PPEs- Hand Gloves, Gum Boots ,Safety Goggles

FIG: Tool REQUIRED IN CONCRETING

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FIG: Hand Gloves, Gum Boots ,Safety Goggles

CONCRETE CUBE CASTING & SLUMP TEST BEFORE PROCEEDING

Introduction:

It is very important to check the workability of concrete bymeans of slump cone test before concrete pour.The Testing procedure, Sampling, Points to be checked beforeunloading the concrete, and sequences were explained to theconcrete incharges of both Basil and Beryl.

Tools & Materials required:

1) Slump cone with tamping rod.2) Cube mould of 150X150mm size.3) Wheel barrow.4) Spanner.5) Trowel.6) Putty blade to finish.

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FIG: Slump cone with tamping rod.,Cube mould of 150X150mm size.,Wheel barrow,Spanner. Trowel.,Putty blade to finish.

Step by step procedure:

1) The first step before unloading any concrete is to check the Batching sheet. Check the Batching sheet for Grade of concrete and also ensure that the Material proportion is as per the Design mix.

2) Run the Trail mixer for 2 to 3 minutes before unloading the concrete.

3) Before placing the concrete in position take some quantity of concrete for slump test.

4) Keep the slump cone fitted to its base plate with bolt on a leveled surface.

5) Pour the concrete on to the slump cone in 3 layers, each layers will be compacted using Tamping rod by giving each layer 25 blows from tamping rod

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FIG: SLUMP TEST6) Level the top surface of the cone by removing extra concrete and also the base should be cleaned from split concrete

7) Loosen the slump cone by loosening the bolt at base.

8) Now slowly lift the Slump cone (Straight).

9) After lifting the slump cone immediately observe the slump i.e. the height of fall of concrete compared to the height of cone is observed and noted down.

Slump for various concrete should be as follows:

For Dumping concrete: 50mm to 90mmFor Pumping concrete: 90mm to 120mmFor Mivan concreting: 90mm to 180mm

Cube Casting:

3) Fix the cube mould of size 150mmX150mm using nut & bolt at base and corners, Then apply the oil to the inner surface of the mould to avoid any sticking of concrete to the surface.

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4) Take the concrete sample to be molded from the wheel barrow and cast the cube in three layers,

5) Each layer will be compacted by using tamping rod with 25 blows and tamping the sides of the cube with a hammer.

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6) Top surface will be finished smoothly and after concrete sets for 2 to 3 hours the naming of cubes will be done and after 24 hours the cubes will be immersed in water.

Conclusion/Recommendation:Slump test is very important work to be carried out before unloading the concrete and the cube casting plays very important role in concrete industry to determine its strength.

COMPACTION:COMPACTION IS THE PROCESS OF DENSIFICATION OF SOIL MASS BY THE APPLICATOIN OF DYNAMIC LOAD

COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS : 1) Compaction layer thickness should not exceed 30cm and

compaction should commence at the edges and progress towards the centre , in excent in super elenated portion where it should proceed from inner to the outer

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2) Plate compaction has to be used for granular soil Plate compaction has high centrifugal force compared 150%more compaction is achieve from plate compactor to

roller

Fig : plate compactor

3) Jumper Rammer has to be used for confined spaces

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Fig : Jumper Rammer

4)Sheep foot roller has to be used for clayey soil

FiG: Sheep foot roller

BASEMENT 1

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DEWATERING THE UNDERGROUND WATER IN FUTURE

THE ABOVE FIGURE SHOWS THE ARRANGEMENT OF DEWATER THEGROUND WATER (WHICH SUPPOSE TO RISE UP AND TENDS TO COME OVER THE SURFACE) FOR THAT PIPES (HAVING CUTS ON TOP SIDE IS LAYING DOWN UP TO REQUIRED DEPTH AND A PIECE OF CLOTH IS WRAPPED OVER THIS PIPES SO THAT OVER LAYING SOIL MAY NOT ENTER IN THAT PIPES. A NETWORK OF THESE PIPES IS MADE IN PARTICULAR PORTION AND AT LAST THESE PIPES ARE CONECTED WITH A CONCRETE PIPE.THESE SMALL NETWORKS OF PVC PIPES WITH CONCRETE PIPES ARE THEN INTER LINKED AND DUMPED IN BIG RCC TANK AFTERB THAT THE WATER COLLECTED IN TANK IN FUTURE WILL BE PUMPED OUT FROM TANK.

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CURING FOR BASEMENT FLOORING

PREVIOUS METHOD:

The VDF flooring needs to be cured many times a day, since the water evaporates from the surface.There was no existing practice to retain the water used for curing on the VDF floorings.

NEW METHOD:

Instead of curing the VDF flooring many times a day due to the loss of water from the surface, the new method is to cover the concrete surface with LDPE sheet after the final setting time of 10 hours and cure it. By this, one time curing could be achieved. This will save the labour cost, curing band cost etc. The LDPE sheet will retain the water over it and helps in effective curing throughout the day.

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BEAM & SLAB REINFORCEMENT

Contents:1. Introduction2. Tools required3. Step by step procedure4. Conclusion/ Recommendations.

Introduction:It is found that the beam reinforcement at beam junction were not done as per the standards, cover blocks are not provided for Cut outs, Lift wall corner anchorage reinforcement was not provided and Reinforcement alignment was not proper, To educate the importance and to avoid these kind of mistakes in future the training was given to achieve the above mentioned points.

Tools & Materials required1) German Scale.2) Cover blocks.3) Binding wire.4) Binding hook.5) Reinforcement cut as per the drawing.6) Spacer Rods.7) Anchorage reinforcement for lift wall junctions.8) Hand glouse.

Step by step procedure1) After checking the Beam and slab shuttering alignment and complete cleaning from dust particles and other foreign materials fix the brown tape between each shuttering panels and apply shuttering oil.

2) First start with the beam reinforcement, Top reinforcement will be tie first and then

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the beam stirrups will be inserted at certain height from the slab since it is verydifficult to execute the work at beam level.

3) After completion all beam reinforcement work tie the 25mm thick cover block in the bottom at every 1 to 1.5mt length of beam and now check weather the column stirrups provided till slab level if not provide the stirrups before downing the beam.

4) Beam reinforcement will be downed in such a way that the reinforcement sits approximately at the middle of the beam shuttering (Cover for both face).

5) Now start with the slab reinforcement.

6) First mark the reinforcement alignment on the shuttering in main rod direction.

7) Lay the main reinforcement over the slab shuttering and cover block of 15mm Spread over the slab.

8) Now mark the secondary slab reinforcement on the main slab reinforcement then tie these secondary reinforcement to the main reinforcement.

9) Provide the chairs to accommodate second layer of reinforcement (Top extra) at both side of the beam if required.

10) Provide one Stirrup at slab level and another one at 1mt above the slab level tomaintain the proper positioning of the column main reinforcement.

11) Ensure that the column reinforcement lapping length will be available above the slab level, since it is not possible to lap the reinforcement after the concreting.

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12) Leave the staircase reinforcement dowels before casting the slab.

13) Now provide the cover blocks for beam sides, Cut out sides, Beam junctions andmany other places where required.

Cover Block thickness for various type of work:1) Beam Bottom: 25mm.2) Beam Sides: 25mm.3) Slab Bottom: 20mm.4) Column junctions and column: 40mm.

PHOTOS TAKEN DURING TRAINING:

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Figure showing MS SHEET placed at construction joint

Conclusion/ Recommendations.The training and educating the Engineers towards reinforcement work and its procedure ensures a very good quality of work in sobha

STAIR CASEA flight or series of flights of steps and a supporting structure connecting separate levels. Also called stairway.

REIN FORCEMENT IN FOLDED TYPE STAIR CASE

A CLOSE VIEW OF REINFORCEMENT OF TREAD AND RISER

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REINFORCEMENT OF SINGLE FLIGHT (FOLDED STAIR CASE)

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Checklist:

Formwork levelled, cleaned, oiled Chairs provided are adequate Reinforcement bars are clean and straight

SAFTEY

Safety devices which are used for various types of protection at site: Head Protection:

All personals engaged for this job has to wear safety helmet along with chin strap.

Hand protection:Appropriated hand gloves will be used for materials handling, concreting, welding, grinding, gas cutting, for chemical handling & Electrical work.

Eye Protection:Suitable goggles must be ensured for the personnel deployed for welding (Face Shield), Grinding, Gas Cutting, Concreting, Chipping etc. work at site.

Ear protection:The personnel engaged in the noise zone such as compressor operator, Pneumatic Vibrators & Breakers, DG Operator etc. will be equipped with suitable ear protection.

Protection from Dust & other poisonous gases:Suitable nose mask, face shield are to be used by the individuals to protect them from dust, fumes & poisonous and toxic gases.

Body protection:Appropriate body protect ion like Boiler Suit, Aprons must be used by the concern personnel at site.

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Fall protection:All personnel working over 2.0 meter height must have the safety belt tied in his waste at the ground level. Further he will have to anchor the safety belt with a fixed structure before starting the work at height.

8.2 Safety material used on the construction site:

Helmet, Safety shoes, Welding shield, Safety glasses, Safety gloves, Ear muffs, Dust mask, Coveralls

8.3 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

Workers below 18 years of age should not be allowed to work at site.

Smoking and chewing tobacco should be strictly prohibited on the site.

All the manholes, septic tank openings and inspection chambers in the common areas should be always closed.

Stray materials should be cleared from all the areas with manpower and machinery movement.

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All the mechanical devices which run on fuels like diesel and kerosene should be cleaned on the daily basis to remove any oil or fuel spillages.

Provide stairways, ladders, ramps or other safe means of access in all trenches 4 feet or deeper

CONCLUSION

In Internship, I have learned a lot about the present scenario in the field of

Civil Engineering System. I have gained sufficient knowledge about the

technology used by the company. In our College Curriculum we learn most of

the things theoretically, which do not provide sufficient information about the

concerned subject in depth, and students remain unaware of the problems and

errors when they go into the field. This practical training has provided us the

knowledge about various technologies in the CIVIL Engineering field.

I am highly grateful and obliged to the SOBHA LTD. Family for their

support and guidance for the successful completion of my Internship.

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DEEPAK SINGH AITHEMIA

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

"REINFORCEMENT CEMENT CONCRETE" by Ramamurtham.

"DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE” by S.K Duggal. "STRENGTH OF MATERIAL" by Sadhu singh.

WEBSITE:

www.constructionmaterial.com www.steelstructure.com

SOBHA MANUAL ( OFFICIAL MANUAL).

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