SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE
METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND MEASURED DRAWING (ARC 60305)
JANUARY – MARCH 2017
i
DECLARATION
This report is prepared and submitted for the module Methods of
Documentation and Measured Drawings (ARC 60305) by the School of
Architecture, Building and Design of Taylor’s University for the program,
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture to School of Architecture,
Building and Design of Taylor’s University to obtain 5 credits for
Practicum 1.
Name of Building: Geographer Café
Address of Building: 81 & 83, Jalan Hang Jebat, 75200 Melaka, Malaysia.
Tutor: Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain
Prepared by:
Sukeshshef Ramachandram 0327162
Alexandra Go 0325342
Yong Man Kit 0319778
Kiu Ngin Pern 0322084
Lu Chiao Er 0326947
Wong Cho Mun 0322723
Yang Jing Loo 0323066
Ong Shi Hui 0320303
Tay Jing Heng 0325230
Leemul Dev Nathoo 0326878
Muhammad Sheik Irfaan Yadun 0319353
Sara Wee Qing Teng 0322469
Quah Keng Yew 0322893
Louis Stanley De Rozario 0327136
Low Wing Chun 0323315
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our deepest appreciation and gratitude to all
those who has aided us and thus allowing us to complete this project,
including but not limited to:
Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain, our dedicated tutor, who has guided us through
the project by giving us invaluable advices while constantly inspiring us
to challenge ourselves to soar to greater heights.
Dr. Nor Hayati Hussain, the coordinator of this module, who has invested
her effort in guiding all of us to achieve our goal.
Mr. Peter Tseng, the owner of Geographer Café, who has granted us
access to measure the cafe and giving us a detailed history and aim of
Geographer Café.
Mr. Chan, the floor manager of the Geographer Café, who has given
us the liberty to proceed with our work despite knowing that our work
would be of inconvenience to the customers and staff of the cafe.
Last but not least, a special thanks to all the members of our group, for
their dedication and perseverance. Without them, this project will not
be completed.
Figure 1: A group photo with Mr. Peter, the owner of Geographer Café, Mr.
Chan, the floor manager and Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain, our tutor
iii
ABSTRACT
The Geographer Café proudly holds the title of being one of the many
paramount landmarks in Melaka. Sitting in the heart of Jonker Street,
this cafe has played a vital role in the birth of Jonker Walk, the Chinatown
Street of Melaka. Dating back to the early 19th century, the cafe first
operated as Mei Jing Kopitiam. The building has undergone a major
renovation in the 1999 with the notion of conservation, retaining its
original architectural elements & design. Winning of multiple awards, the
building still caters to patrons and proves to be more successful than
ever.
Geographer Café was the site given to us to conduct our measurement
analysis and research to complete the Methods of Documentation and
Measured Drawings (ARC 60305) module. This project is to introduce
us to several methods of documenting historical structures to preserve
an accurate record of historical properties that can be used in research
and other preservation activities. We have investigated the history,
background and unique architectural elements of Geographer Café and
the building itself.
The five productive days spent nurtured our appreciation and curiosity
as we completed our measuring activity. The collective documentation
is then synced with extensive research to understand the historical and
cultural context. With the best of our abilities, we have compiled and
translated our findings in the form of a report, photobook, video and a
set of measured drawings.
Through this project, we were able to learn about the methods and
importance of measuring and documenting buildings in effort to
conserve it. We were also able to learn about the importance of tracing
back a building’s original appearance and keep a record of it for future
references.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration i
Acknowledgement ii
Abstract iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Figures and Diagrams vi
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Aim and objectives 2
1.2 Introduction of Research 3
1.3 Instruments and Tools Used 4
1.4 Limitations 8
1.5 Methods of Documentation 11
2.0 HISTORY AND SITE CONTEXT
2.1 History of Melaka 15
2.2 History of Jonker Street 22
2.3 History of Geographer Café 24
2.4 Timeline of Events 27
3.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
3.1 Rebirth of Jonker Street 31
3.2 Current Geographer Café 32
4.0 DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Designer’s Information 35
4.2 Modifications to the Building 36
5.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
5.1 Types of Shop houses in Melaka 62
5.2 Straits Eclectic Architecture 67
5.3 Architectural Style of Geographer Café 68
6.0 SPATIAL ARTICULATION AND CIRCULATION
6.1 Spatial layout and function 73
6.2 Classification of Space 76
6.3 Circulation 81
6.4 Relationship between Public and Private Spaces 85
v
6.5 Relationship between Exterior and Interior 86
Spaces
7.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
7.1 Windows 88
7.2 Doors 90
7.3 Awnings 91
7.4 Air well 92
7.5 Arcade 93
7.6 Staircase 94
7.7 Ornaments 95
8.0 BUILDING STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION
AND MATERIALS
8.1 Floor Slab, Beams and Columns Construction 99
8.2 Wall Construction 107
8.3 Roof Construction 108
8.4 Construction Materials 109
9.0 BUILDING DEFECTS AND DILAPIDATION
9.1 Stains 118
9.2 Rusts 120
9.3 Peeling Paint 121
9.4 Fading Colours 122
9.5 Cracks 123
10.0 CONCLUSION
10.1 Historical Significance 125
10.2 Cultural Significance 126
10.3 Reflections 127
11.0 REFERENCES 129
12.0 APPENDIX
12.1 Photo Book 135
12.2 Scaled Drawings 169
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES
Figure 1: A group photo with Mr. Peter, the owner of Geographer Café, Mr. Chan, ii
the floor manager and Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain, our tutor
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Figure 1.1: Measurements are recorded and mindful observations are noted regarding 2
the condition and materials in Geographer Café
Figure 1.2: Laser measuring device used in the measuring process 4
Figure 1.3: 10m pocket measuring tape 5
Figure 1.4: 30m long distance tape 5
Figure 1.5: DSLR camera 5
Figure 1.6: Camera tripod 5
Figure 1.7: Fiberglass ladder 6
Figure 1.8: A3 wooden clipboard 6
Figure 1.9: Butter papers with sketches 7
vii
Figure 1.10: Geographer Café packed with customers in the afternoon 8
Figure 1.11: Geographer Café is filled with decorations and furniture 9
Figure 1.12: Many tourists and cars pass by Geographer Café everyday 10
Figure 1.13: An interview with Mr. Peter Tseng, the owner of Geographer Café 12
Figure 1.14: Butter papers filled with sketches and measurements of Geographer Café 12
2.0 HISTORY AND SITE CONTEXT
Figure 2.1: Map of West Peninsular Malaysia 15
Figure 2.2: Map of Melaka 15
Figure 2.3: Map of Melaka in 1613 17
Figure 2.4: Map of Melaka in 1753 17
Figure 2.5: Map of Melaka in 1916 18
Figure 2.6: Map of Melaka in 1987 19
Figure 2.7 Logo of UNESCO 19
Figure 2.8: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site zoning 20
viii
Figure 2.9: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site Area 21
Figure 2.10: Map of Jonker Street 22
Figure 2.11: Jonker Street in the 50’s 22
Figure 2.12: Current Jonker Street 22
Figure 2.13: House owned by one of the rich families in Heeren Street 23
Figure 2.14: Jonker Street during the Dutch period 23
Figure 2.15: Present day Jonker Street 23
Figure 2.16: Mei Jing Kopitiam in 1994 24
Figure 2.17: Geographer Café in 2017 24
Figure 2.18: 2nd prize PAM Awards 1999 for “Colour on Buildings” - the cafe has 19 25
different colours, each one compliments the other.
Figure 2.19: Melaka Tourism Award 2006/2007 - Best Café & Bistro 25
3.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
Figure 3.1: Jonker Street before Geographer Cafe opened 31
ix
Figure 3.2: Geographer cafe in the afternoon with people sightseeing 32
Figure 3.3: Geographer cafe in the night packed with people 32
Figure 3.4: Tourists walking around in Jonker Street 33
Figure 3.5: Night market in Jonker Street during the weekend 33
4.0 DEVELOPEMENT
Figure 4.1: PAM award won by Geographer Café 35
Figure 4.2: Lot 83 before renovation 36
Figure 4.3: Lot 83 after renovation 36
Figure 4.4: Lot 83 and Jonker Street before renovation 37
Figure 4.5: Lot 83 and Jonker Street after renovation 37
Figure 4.6: Columns of lot 83 before renovation 38
Figure 4.7: Columns of lot 83 after renovation 38
Figure 4.8: Awnings of lot 83 before renovation 39
Figure 4.9: Awnings of lot 83 after renovation 39
x
Figure 4.10: Kitchen exterior before renovation 40
Figure 4.11: Kitchen exterior after renovation 40
Figure 4.12: Long elevation of lot 83 before renovation 41
Figure 4.13: A balcony was extended outwards after renovation 41
Figure 4.14: The walls of lot 83 before renovation 42
Figure 4.15: Parts of the wall is removed after renovation 42
Figure 4.16: Old timber floorings are removed 43
Figure 4.17: Timber beams were reused after being repainted 43
Figure 4.18: The walls of the toilet is built during renovation 44
Figure 4.19: Toilet entrance after renovation 44
Figure 4.20: Old wing first floor before renovation 45
Figure 4.21: Old wing first floor after renovation 45
Figure 4.22: Original wooden louvered window 46
Figure 4.23: Exact replica of the original wooden louvered window 46
Figure 4.24: The state of the air well in the old wing before renovation 47
xi
Figure 4.25: The old wing air well after renovation 47
Figure 4.26: Opening to the air well before renovation 48
Figure 4.27: Louvers replaced the wall above the air well 48
Figure 4.28: The old wing first floor dining are before renovation 49
Figure 4.29: The old wing first floor dining are after renovation 49
Figure 4.30: Renovation of the new wing 50
Figure 4.31: New wing after renovation 50
Figure 4.32: New wing dining area before renovation 51
Figure 4.33: New wing dining area after renovation 51
Figure 4.34: New wing bar area before renovation 52
Figure 4.35: New wing bar area after renovation 52
Figure 4.36: New wing dining area with old stairs 53
Figure 4.37: New wing dining area with old stairs removed 53
Figure 4.38: Renovation of the new wing ground floor dining area 54
Figure 4.39: Timber beams are cut to create an atrium 54
xii
Figure 4.40: Construction of a new staircase in the new wing 55
Figure 4.41: Completed staircase in the new wing 55
Figure 4.42: Renovation of the roof and air well 56
Figure 4.43: Renovated air well in new wing 56
Figure 4.44: Construction of toilets and kitchen in new wing 57
Figure 4.45: Completed toilets and kitchen in new wing 57
Figure 4.46: New wing first floor dining area during renovation 58
Figure 4.47: New wing first floor dining area after renovation 58
Figure 4.48: New wing first floor air well before renovation 59
Figure 4.49: New wing first floor air well after renovation 59
5.0 ARCHITECTURE STYLE
Figure 5.1: Typical early shop house components 62
Figure 5.2: Examples of early shop houses in Melaka 62
Figure 5.3: Early Straits Eclectic shop house façade 63
xiii
Figure 5.4: Examples of Jonker Street Early Straits Eclectic shop houses 63
Figure 5.5: Two-storey Late Straits Eclectic shop house components 64
Figure 5.6: Windows on second storey of Late Straits Eclectic shop houses 64
Figure 5.7: Art Deco shop house components 65
Figure 5.8: Window design of Art deco shop houses 65
Figure 5.9: Post war shop house components 66
Figure 5.10: Examples of post war shop houses 66
Figure 5.11: Typical Straits Eclectic architecture shop house 67
Figure 5.12: Geographer Café front façade 67
Figure 5.13: Exterior façade of Geographer Café 68
Figure 5.14: Bar area of Geographer Café 68
Figure 5.15: Concrete awning and window of Geographer Café 69
Figure 5.16: Façade of Geographer Café Lot 81 69
Figure 5.17: Old wing first floor dining area 70
Figure 5.18: French louvered windows 70
xiv
Figure 5.19: Arcade in the old wing 70
Figure 5.20: Succession of arches 70
Figure 5.21: New wing ground floor dining area 71
Figure 5.22: Old wing ground floor dining area 71
6.0 SPATIAL ARTICULATION AND CIRCULATION
Figure 6.1: Space within Geographer Cafe are simplified in massing diagram to show 73
the hierarchy of the number of people
Figure 6.2: Table showing the area of ground floor spaces 74
Figure 6.3: Ground floor plan of Geographer Café 74
Figure 6.4: First floor plan of Geographer Café 75
Figure 6.5: First floor plan of Geographer Café 75
Figure 6.6 Old wing five foot way 76
Figure 6.7: Arches are found along the corridor 76
Figure 6.8: Air well named as “Little Prince” 77
xv
Figure 6.9: Air well named as “Tropical Forest” 77
Figure 6.10: Old wing ground floor dining area 78
Figure 6.11: New wing ground floor dining area 78
Figure 6.12: Old wing first floor dining area 78
Figure 6.13: Tango Floor (Old wing first floor dining area) 79
Figure 6.14: New wing ground floor dining area 79
Figure 6.15: Pavement around Geographer Café 80
Figure 6.16: Location of Geographer Café 81
Figure 6.17: Points of entry 81
Figure 6.18: Dividing wall of the old wing and new wing 82
Figure 6.19: Location of the staircases in Geographer Café 82
Figure 6.20: Customers’ ground floor circulation 83
Figure 6.21: Customers’ first floor circulation 83
Figure 6.22: Staff’s ground floor circulation 84
Figure 6.23: Staff’s first floor circulation 84
xvi
Figure 6.24: Public and private spaces in Geographer Café 85
Figure 6.25: Table indicating public and private spaces in Geographer Café 85
Figure 6.27: Covered walkway in the old wing 86
Figure 6.28: Old wing ground floor dining area 86
7.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
Figure 7.1: French louvered windows 88
Figure 7.2: Large windows in the Café enable good ventilation. 89
Figure 7.3: Wooden window located on the first floor (balcony area) 90
Figure 7.4: Original metal folding doors 91
Figure 7.5: The Dutch awning made of concrete is one of a unique characteristics of Geographer Café 91
Figure 7.6: Air well in the old wing 92
Figure 7.7: Air well in the new wing 92
Figure 7.8: Arcade (Covered Walkway) in the old wing of Geographer Café 93
Figure 7.9: Half landing staircase in the old wing 94
xvii
Figure 7.10: Winder staircase in the new wing 94
Figure 7.11: Pilasters on the exterior façade of Geographer Café 95
Figure 7.12: Geographer globe from interior 95
Figure 7.13: Geographer globe from exterior 95
Figure 7.14: The cornice lines the façade of the Geographer Café 96
Figure 7.15: Corbels supporting the old wing pitched roof 96
Figure 7.16: Corbels supporting the new wing pitched roof 97
Figure 7.17: Star breeze block found along the old wing staircase 97
Figure 7.18: Star breeze block in the old wing toilet 97
8.0 BUILDING STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS
Figure 8.1: Terracotta Tiles 99
Figure 8.2: Scored Concrete Flooring 99
Figure 8.3: Plan indicating location of terracotta tiles 100
Figure 8.4: Terracotta flooring of ground floor old wing 100
xviii
Figure 8.5: Terracotta flooring of ground floor new wing 100
Figure 8.6: Plan indicating location of scored concrete floor 101
Figure 8.7: Scored concrete floor at the covered walkway 101
Figure 8.8: Plan indicating the location of timber flooring system 102
Figure 8.9: Timber joists supported by concrete beams 102
Figure 8.10: Diagram of timber joists supported by timber beams 102
Figure 8.11: Timber joists supported by timber beams 103
Figure 8.12: Diagram of timber joists supported by timber beams 103
Figure 8.13: Timber flooring on the first floor 103
Figure 8.14: Timber planks can be seen from the ground floor 103
Figure 8.15: Plan indicating location of the concrete floor system 104
Figure 8.16: Scored concrete in old wing first floor 104
Figure 8.17: Connection of the concrete floor to the load bearing wall 104
Figure 8.18: Indication of I beam below the concrete slab 105
Figure 8.19: Sectional detail for I beam and concrete flooring 105
xix
Figure 8.20: Round columns in the old wing 106
Figure 8.21: Quarter-circle column in the old wing 106
Figure 8.22: Exposed Stretcher bonds brick wall 107
Figure 8.23: New wing air well with exposed English bond brick wall 107
Figure 8.24: A combination of Stretcher bond brick wall and English bond brick wall 107
Figure 8.25: The structure of a King Post Truss 108
Figure 8.26: The roof structure of Geographer Café 108
Figure 8.27: Example of “S” style clay roof tile and its assembling 109
Figure 8.28: Construction drawing of clay tiles being attached to roof structure 109
Figure 8.29: View of Geographer Café’s roof coverings from the outside 109
Figure 8.30: Terracotta tiled flooring in Geographer Café 110
Figure 8.31: Clay roof tiles and timber battens of the roof structure 111
Figure 8.32: Concrete floor that is scored with patterns similar to the terracotta tiles 112
Figure 8.33: Concrete columns in Geographer Café 112
Figure 8.34: Timber floors make up most of the first floor 113
xx
Figure 8.35: Timber beams supporting first floor’s timber planks 113
Figure 8.36: Timber staircase that connects ground floor and first floor 114
Figure 8.37: The “signature” window of Geographer Café constructed with timber 114
Figure 8.38: Intentionally exposed brick walls of Geographer Café 115
Figure 8.39: Steel folding door that were painted to prevent rusting 116
Figure 8.40: Steel railings surround the air well for safety 116
9.0 BUILDING DEFECTS AND DILAPITATION
Figure 9.1: Stairs located at old wing is discoloured due to the footprints of customers 118
Figure 9.2: The floor tiles are stained from people’s footprints 118
Figure 9.3: Exposed roof tiles in the new wing 119
Figure 9.4: Gaps between timber structures are very dirty 119
Figure 9.5: Dust and insect waste get stuck in the Geographer globe 119
Figure 9.6: The outdoor retractable table’s hinges are rusted due to the weather 120
Figure 9.7: Rust is forming on the metal sliding doors as it always is exposed to the weather 120
xxi
Figure 9.8: The paint on the metal sliding door’s frame has peeled off due to friction 121
Figure 9.9: The paint behind the lamp has fallen off from the wall 121
Figure 9.10: The paint on the concrete floor next to staircase in the old wing is worn off 122
Figure 9.11: The timber table top’s colour has faded due to customers’ constant rubbing 122
Figure 9.12: Cracks has formed on the new wing’s walls 123
Figure 9.13: The thickened arches have cracks on it over time 123
1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Aim and objectives
1.2 Introduction of Research
1.3 Instruments and Tools Used
1.4 Limitations
1.5 Methods of Documentation
2
1.1 Aim and Objectives
Aim
The aim of this project is to give students the opportunity to engage in a
hands-on measuring practice and explore various measuring and
documentation techniques on a designated site, which in our case,
Geographer Cafe which is located at No. 81 & 83, Jalan Hang Jebat,
75200 Melaka.
Objectives
The objective of this project is to encourage students to explore the
relationship between architecture, heritage, culture and its significance
to the building, as well as to document the significance of the building to
complement the measured drawing produced. It is also to instil the
importance of preserving buildings that are heritage of the past for the
benefit of the future generations.
Figure 1.1: Measurements are recorded and mindful observations
are noted regarding the condition and materials in Geographer
Café
3
1.2 Introduction of Research
This report serves as a documentation of the history, architectural style,
details and measurements of our given site - Geographer Cafe, Melaka.
A total of five days were spent on site to conduct the measuring activity
using the appropriate instruments. All measurements taken are then
drafted on AutoCAD and are compiled accordingly with thorough
research and analysis.
Historical, cultural and architectural attributes of the building are
highlighted in this report to analyse the relationship between the
architecture and its significance to the building, the type of architectural
styles, construction methods, its history and any other significant
elements of the building. As Geographer Cafe is a pre-war building, all
notable features and building condition are included in the report.
4
1.3 Instruments and Tools Used
1.3.1 Measuring Tools and Techniques
In order for the group to attain accurate measurements, there was a
need for a variety of tools and techniques to achieve this. With the group
being relatively large each member then split into sub-groups of 3-2 to
tackle the measuring of designated zones within the café.
1.3.2 Equipment
BOSCH GLM 100 Digital Laser Measuring Device
The digital laser used was to measure linear distances. This has proved
to be essential to obtain distances which exceed the length of the basic
measuring tape, this method is both efficient and highly accurate. When
obtaining the measurements of a ceiling, a group member first place the
digital laser on a level surface, with the transmitter facing the ceiling
perpendicularly. Prior to this step the device’s settings should be
changed to display the correct figures and conversions. Now with the
device calibrated and on the ground, with a simple press of a button the
exact figures would be displayed on the LED screen on the device.
Figure 1.2 Laser measuring device used in the measuring process
5
1.3.3 Measuring Tape
1 ) Pocket Measuring Tape (Stanley 10m)
2 ) Long Distance Tape (Stanley 30m)
The primary tool used when conducting measurements on Geographer
Café during our site visit in Melaka. There were two variations available
at the time, the pocket measuring tape, used to measure distances
ranging from small to medium which encompasses most of the details
found in the café. While the long distance tape would be reserved for the
floor length or long distances. The rolled tape is pulled from end to end,
each part touching the edge of whichever area selected to be measured,
another group member would then take the readings when their eye
level is directly perpendicular to the markings as to avoid possible
parallax errors.
1.3.4 Camera Equipment
Nikon DSLR camera and tripod
The camera was needed to document and photograph every aspect of
the building for documenting and future references during our site visit
to Geographer Café. The need for clear and well defined pictures
prompted the necessity for the tripod which acted as a stabiliser, also to
gain a vantage point to produce more interesting shots. With the tripod
the video filming portion was handled quickly and without any problems.
Figure 1.3: 10m pocket
measuring tape
Figure 1.4: 30m long
distance tape
Figure 1.5: DSLR camera Figure 1.6: Camera tripod
6
1.3.5 Ladder
Oska 7-step Fibreglass ladder (2.3m)
The ladder belonged to someone in the group, which they had to carry
on the bus to Melaka, to use when measuring high places inside the
café during our site visit. This was so details and areas could more
accurately be measured such as the ceiling tiles and the dimensions
for the beam.
1.3.6 Stationary
A3 Clipboard
Due to the chosen site functioning as a restaurant and bar
simultaneously, this meant that while people were eating and drinking in
the café we had to conduct our measurements regardless and try to not
disturb the customers or the Café’s business. This was achieved by
standing and recording everything down on each member’s make-shift
A3 clip board table.
Figure 1.7: Fiberglass ladder Figure 1.8: A3 wooden clipboard
7
1.3.7 Documenting Media
Butter Paper & Template Paper
Before going to the café the group had fixed and printed a template
which would be used by every member. The template came with a grid
lines and boxes, this was so that when on site the information gathered
can be neatly recorded and annotated as to avoid any confusion or
disarray. The butter paper was so that they could re-use templates and
not waste time and resources to keep on printing new templates.
Figure 1.9: Butter papers with sketches
8
1.4 Limitation
The group’s task while on site is to gather as much information on the
building in terms of dimensions as thoroughly and efficiently as possible.
However there were certain limitations and obstacles the group
encountered whilst there. Using teamwork and communication skills, the
group worked together to professionally overcome the problems faced.
1.4.1 Customer
First there was the issue of space. While taking the measurements
during the cafes operating hours there was the issue of not disturbing
the customers or staff, the group members had to ensure that belongings
and equipment were kept only at the upper floor rather than the ground
floor where the customers were dining. This proved to be an
inconvenience especially when measuring and sketching the ground
work and details on the tiles.
Figure 1.10: Geographer Café packed with customers in the afternoon
9
1.4.2 Decoration & Furniture
Another problem encountered is the lack of space within the vicinity. The
Geographers Café has its own unique style of decoration ranging from
antique furniture to its ceilings plastered with portraits, pictures, and
collection of memorabilia. This made getting precise measurements of
the building rather challenging as the abundance of interior furniture and
décor become obstacles which we had to navigate around to produce
more accurate measurements.
1.4.3 Accessibility
Especially for the bar area and toilet areas located on the ground floor,
there were spaces where beer crates and supplies for the kitchens are
being stored preventing the group from entering certain areas within the
café. Certain portions of the place could not be easily accessed such as
the kitchen and store rooms. This meant that some members had to
improvise and cooperate with the staff working there to get the relevant
information and measurements of the space needed.
1.4.4 Hygiene
Though not a major concern there are areas in the building which are
quite unhygienic, be it interior or exterior as some members found out
when measuring especially the floors, wall corners, ceilings and beams.
Figure 1.11: Geographer Café is filled with decorations and
furniture
10
1.4.6 Circulation
The major issue when measuring the dimensions of the side street
pavements, five-foot-ways and roads was the human and vehicular
traffic. The Geographers Café is located at the corner of the alley where
the two roads intersect with oncoming traffic. The area is busy at all times
as it is located on the famous Jonker Street. All group members had to
measure quickly as to not create a scene by stopping traffic, pedestrians
and the tourists around the site.
1.4.5 Weather
Throughout the visit to Melaka the weather had been quite unpredictable.
The group stayed there for a total of 5 days; the first three were spent
working under the blazing sun and heat the whole time. The last two
days’ weather was dreary as it rained non-stop. These conditions proved
to be one of the biggest hurdles, as this meant that taking the external
pictures and sketches of the café had to be halted as to not damage the
drawings or technical equipment.
Figure 1.12: Many tourists and cars pass by Geographer Café
everyday
11
1.5 Method of Documentation
A lengthy and detailed account of information was gathered throughout
the course of this assignment. In order to keep track of every detail, we
were required to use and familiarize ourselves with a variety of tools and
software to ensure that the outcome of the assignment is an organised
record for the group members to refer to.
1.5.1 Online Research
Research conducted from the internet, articles published online and
information from other such websites were summarised into word
documents, and as a group agreement, all files and documentations
would then be uploaded into a shared Google Drive for every group
members’ convenience. This allows each member to have access and
the ease of uploading any relevant research and documentation, where
the information shared can be viewed by every member within the
group.
1.5.2 Book Research
As a group, we have also gathered information from books, tourist
brochures and photos that were readily available. Some information may
not so easily be found within the internet, therefore the group relied on
hard copy books and other mediums to get the required information.
Once retrieved the information would be typed out into a word document
and uploaded to the group’s main source of communication, the Google
Drive.
12
1.5.3 Interviews
Some of the group members conducted an interview with the owner of
the Geographer Café, Mr Peter Tseng. The interview was carried out in
his office which was nearby the assigned site. Mr. Peter gave a detailed
presentation with the aid of slides he made a few years back. All relevant
pictures, audio “mp3” recordings and video footage taken was again
uploaded into the Google Drive for sharing.
1.5.4 Drafting
Butter paper and tracing paper were essential throughout the site visit.
The semi-transparency of the paper enabled notes and sketches to be
overlapped and cross-referenced to get a clearer understanding of the
space and surroundings. This was extremely helpful during the initial
stages of the measuring of Geographers Café, as many of the group
members were yet still unfamiliar with the space and layout of the
building. These papers were kept for use after the Melaka trip and used
as reference when building the AutoCAD drawings.
Figure 1.13: An interview with Mr. Peter Tseng, the owner of
Geographer Café
Figure 1.14: Butter papers filled with sketches and measurements of
Geographer Café
13
1.5.5 Photography
Serving as one of the most efficient methods of documentation of a
building and its site context. Photography and videography was used as
a visual record of the groups experience on site. These pictures are
helpful as they capture small to large details which may have been
missed and provide a clearer mental picture as compared to just relying
on memory and sketches.
1.5.6 Sketches
All sketches were collected and the relevant drawings were kept for
further use. This was so that certain questions or notes written down at
the time can be referred to or even used for the later part of this project.
Sketches provide a means of visual representation, the façade or interior
perspectives can easily be shown in a sketch. These documentations
are to later be digitised into any of the designing soft-wares, to be
showcased as a proper detailed architectural drawing afterwards.
14
2.0 HISTORY AND SITE CONTEXT
2.1 History of Melaka
2.2 History of Jonker Street
2.3 History of Geographer Café
2.4 Timeline of Events
15
2.1 History of Melaka
2.1.1 Founding of Melaka
Melaka is founded by Parameswara, the last Raja of Temasek.
According to the legend, Parameswara was resting under a Melaka tree
by the river. One of his hunting dog cornered a mouse deer. In self-
defence, the mouse deer kicked the dog into the river.
Parameswara believed that it was a propitious omen of the weak
overcoming the strong. He decided to found an empire on that spot.
Parameswara named the empire after the tree he was resting under, the
Melaka tree.
Figure 2.1: Map of Malaysia
Figure 2.2: Map of Melaka
Melaka proves to be a prime location for an empire. Due to its sheltered
harbour, it has abundant water supply. It is also sheltered from monsoon
wind, providing traders from other countries a safe place to dock during
the monsoon seasons. It was an important entrepôt in Straits of Melaka.
16
The Melaka Sultanate ruled Melaka from the 1400s till 1511. In 1409,
the Chinese admiral Zheng He arrived Melaka with his naval fleet,
seeking to establish diplomatic ties with States west of China. He met
with Parameswara and he was granted permission to stay. Melaka
become a client kingdom of the Chinese in exchange for protection
against the Siamese.
After its adoption of Islam in the 15th century and conversion into a
sultanate, the town started to attract traders from the Middle East. It then
became a trading centre between the East and the West. Countries like
Arab, India and China were able to trade with each other in Melaka.
17
2.1.2 End of Melaka Sultanate
Arrival of Portuguese
The wealth of Melaka attracted the emerging European naval powers.
The Portuguese arrived at Melaka as a trade partner in 1509. In 1511,
Alfonso de Albuquerque led an army and conquered Melaka.
A-Famosa fort was built to guard against attack from both the land and
the sea. All Portuguese residents live inside the fort while other traders
stay outside the fort.
Figure 2.3: Map of Melaka in 1613
Arrival of Dutch
In 1641, Melaka falls to the hands of the Dutch with the help from Johor’s
sultan. Melaka was not developed as a trading centre as the Dutch
placed greater importance to Batavia (Jakarta) on Java as their
administrative centre.
The fort left by the Portuguese was rebuilt. The outside of the fort was
expanded. The Dutch left their landmark, the Stadthuys in Melaka.
Figure 2.4: Map of Melaka in 1753
18
Arrival of British
Melaka was ceded to the British in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 in
exchange for Bencoolen in Sumatra. From 1826 to 1946, Malacca was
under the rule of the British, first by the British East India Company and
then as a Crown Colony.
Function of Melaka as a port declined. Its status a port is replaced by
Penang and Singapore. Land reclamation has been done to increase
the land area of Melaka.
Figure 2.5: Map of Melaka in 1916
19
2.1.3 Independence of Malaya
In 1957, Malaya regain independence from British. States in the West
Peninsular merge together to form Malaya. Melaka is no longer in the
hands of other countries.
Figure 2.6: Map of Melaka in 1987
2.1.4 Melaka as UNESCO Heritage Site
Formation of UNESCO
UNESCO is founded in16 November 1945. It stands for United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It is a specialized
agency of the United Nations (UN). UNESCO’s main objective is to
contribute peace and security by promoting international collaboration
through educational, scientific and cultural reforms in order to increase
universal respect for justice.
Figure 2.7 Logo of UNESCO
20
Difference of Historical and Heritage Site
Historical sites are places where pieces of political, military, cultural or
social history happened and thus preserved due to their historical value.
The discovery, collection, organisation and presentation of information
about past of people, places and events are important in historical sites.
Heritage site is a man-made or natural site recognised as being of
outstanding international importance and therefore deserving special
protection. In a heritage site, things from the past which are valued
enough today are protected to save for the future generations.
World Heritage Site
World heritage sites are places on earth that are of outstanding universal
value to humanity and as such have been inscribed on the World
Heritage list to be protected for future generations to appreciate and
enjoy.
Melaka as UNESCO Heritage Site
Melaka is listed as a UNESCO Heritage site in Malaysia in 2008. Melaka
is separated into core zone and buffer zone.
Figure 2.8: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site zoning
21
The core zone of Melaka is 45.3 hectares while the buffer zone is 242.8
hectares.
Figure 2.9: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site Area
22
2.2 History of Jonker Street
Jalan Hang Jebat is now known as Jonker Walk which is well known for
its antique collector’s items and is one of the best place to bargain for
antiques or collector’s items. Jonker walk is situated in the heart of
Melaka in the old Chinatown. It’s a long narrow road of around 5 hundred
meters, packed with old houses and shops dating back to the 17th
century.
Figure 2.10: Map of Jonker Street
Figure 2.11: Jonker Street in the 50’s
Figure 2.12: Current Jonker Street
23
The story of Jonker Road goes back to the Dutch period of Melaka. The
servants and subordinates used to live on Heeren Street. However upon
the departure of the Dutch, Heeren Street became nobleman's street.
Rich Babas and Bibiks began to settle and live for the trades there. This
gave the street a deep rooted ethnic and cultural flavour and purpose.
Originally called “Kampung Belanda” (Dutch Village), it ended up with
the choice neighbourhood of “Millionaires’ Row” because of its well-
heeled residents.
Figure 2.13: House owned by one of the rich families in Heeren Street
As collectibles and antiques dating back to the medieval times are
available at many shops along the street, hence the name “antique
street”. While Jonker Street (from the Dutch word, “Jonkheer”) was
named after a place for “young nobleman” who had not quite made it to
the upper level of nobility. Heeren Street (originally known as
“Herenstraat”), was for the “gentlemen” or “masters in the upper crust of
the society”.
Figure 2.14: Jonker Street during the Dutch period
Figure 2.15: Present day Jonker Street
24
2.3 History of Geographer Café
The Geographer Café was originally Mei Jing Kopitiam in 1994 (Figure
2.16). It sits on a corner as a pre-war building, which to this day is Lot.
83. In 1999, construction and renovation was carried out to enhance the
characteristics of the building.
Geographer Café (Figure 2.17) opened on the 9th of August in the year
1999, officiated by the Chief Minister of Melaka on 27th of January 2000.
In the year 2005, Geographer Café launched a new extension, the new
wing next door, lot no. 81.
These two lots are located in the heart of Old Melaka, on the corner of
Jonker Walk (Jalan Hang Jebat) and Jalan Hang Lekir.
Figure 2.16: Mei Jing Kopitiam in 1994
Figure 2.17: Geographer Café in 2017
25
The cafe was won several awards; being:
Figure 2.18: 2nd prize PAM Awards 1999 for “Colour on Buildings” - the cafe has 19 different colours, each one compliments the other.
Figure 2.19: Melaka Tourism Award 2006/2007 - Best Café & Bistro
26
In the year 1998, Malaysia faced an economic crisis where businessmen
in Melaka believed in giving new life to the assets their ancestors left
behind, as it is the only way to succeed. In order to do so, they renovated
old buildings by giving them new purposes while maintaining the façade.
They called their action the “Second Renaissance”.
The street where Geographer Café sits along has not always been what
it is today. Up until the year 1998, Jonker Street was an eerie streets it
was surrounded by funeral parlours, casket shops and dilapidated shop
houses. The street was eerie, empty and lifeless.
The said building itself was not in any good condition either. Owned by
Mr. Peter’s (Geographer Café’s owner) company’s director, the building
has 5 Chinese families living on the first floor. They shared a style of
living from the olden days, a “communal living style” where the rental
outstanding of a room was a meagre RM50 per family.
Geographer Café was an attempt in 1999 by Mr. Peter to bring new life
to Melaka. Seeing that lot 83 was not utilised well, Mr. Peter persuaded
his director to allow him to renovate lot 83 into what is now known as the
Geographer Café. It was not successful at first, but slowly it started
attracting the attention of tourists as well as the locals. Thus, new life
was given to Jonker Street.
27
2.4 Timeline of Events
1400s
The Melaka
Sultanate
ruled Melaka.
1409 1509 1511 1641
The Chinese
admiral Zheng
He arrived
Melaka with
his naval fleet,
seeking to
establish
diplomatic ties
with States
west of China.
The wealth of
Melaka
attracted the
emerging
European
naval powers.
The
Portuguese
arrived at
Melaka as a
trade partner.
Alfonso de
Albuquerque
led an army
and
conquered
Melaka.
Melaka falls to
the hands of the
Dutch with the
help from
Johor’s sultan.
Melaka was not
developed as a
trading centre
as the Dutch
placed greater
importance to
Batavia (Jakarta)
on Java as their
administrative
centre.
28
1826 1957 1994 1998 1999
Malacca was
under the
rule of the
British, first
by the British
East India
Company and
then as a
Crown
Colony.
Malaya regain
independence
from British.
States in the
West Peninsular
merge together
to form Malaya.
Melaka is no
longer in the
hands of other
countries.
The
Geographer
Café was
originally Mei
Jing Kopitiam.
It sits on a
corner as a
pre-war
building,
which to this
day is Lot. 83.
Jonker Street
was an eerie
streets it was
surrounded
by funeral
parlours,
casket shops
and
dilapidated
shop houses.
The street
was eerie,
empty and
lifeless.
.
Construction and
renovation was
carried out to
enhance the
characteristics of
the building
giving them new
purposes while
maintaining the
façade. They
called their action
the “Second
Renaissance” in
order to bring
new life to Jonker
Street.
29
2005 2008
Geographer
Café
launched a
new
extension,
the new wing
next door, lot
no. 81.
Melaka is
listed as a
UNESCO
Heritage site
in Malaysia.
Melaka is
separated into
core zone and
buffer zone.
30
3.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
3.1 Rebirth of Jonker Street
3.2 Current Geographer Café and Jonker Street
31
3.1 Rebirth of Jonker Street
Before the opening of Geographer Cafe, Jonker Street was empty and
lifeless. The street is eerie and dirty. Surrounded with funeral parlours
and casket shops, people do not like to go to Jonker Street. Shop houses
on the street were not taken care of and was left in a bad state.
Due to the state it was in, Jonker Street almost faced demolition. To
prevent that from happening, Geographer Cafe started placing tables
and chairs on the street, increasing the flow of patrons on Jonker Street.
Other coffee shops along the street followed.
Figure 3.1: Jonker Street before Geographer Cafe opened
The increase in number of people on Jonker Street prevented its closure.
People started selling items and food on the street, which formed the
now famous Jonker Walk.
32
3.2 Current Geographer Café and Jonker Street
Geographer Cafe is now a famous dine-in restaurant and top cafe in
Melaka. Tourists enjoys the Melakan culture in the cafe that overwhelms
its cosy decorum. The architecture of Geographer Cafe signifies its
spiritual and cultural aspects of the olden days.
The mixture of Asian and Western trends can be seen here through the
architecture of the building, the food, the music as well as the cordial
atmosphere around the cafe. The seating arrangement in the cafe is
placed so that customers are able to enjoy the beauty of Jonker Street
while enjoying their food and drinks.
Figure 3.2: Geographer cafe in the afternoon with people sightseeing
Figure 3.3: Geographer cafe in the night packed with people
33
Jonker Street is a busy and lively street. It is filled with tourists every day.
It is no longer the empty and eerie street in the past.
In the morning till afternoon, tourists pass by Jonker Street when
sightseeing and looking for food. They take photos of the buildings that
can only be found in Melaka.
In the night, Jonker Street comes to life. On Friday, Saturday and
Sunday nights, a night market starts on Jonker Street. The street is
packed will tourists and locals buying food and items.
Figure 3.4: Tourists walking around in Jonker Street
Figure 3.5: Night market in Jonker Street during the weekend
34
4.0 DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Renovation Firm’s Detail
4.2 Modifications to the Building
35
4.1 Renovation Firm’s Detail
Arkitek KHP
FOUNDED: Melaka, Malaysia, 1977
PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR: Tony Khoo Heng Peng
Address: 261, Taman Melaka Raya, Melaka, Malaysia 75000
Phone: +60 6-283 5513
FAX: +60 6-283 4413
AIM: to produce thoughtful, well-mannered and well-conceived
buildings.
CLIENTS: private individuals and families, charity organizations,
churches & government organisations.
The firm operates within a 3 levels open plan studio environment.
In 33 years it has established quite a reputation, both within the
profession and the building industry, for archiving results. Its long list
clients suggest this reputation is well founded. Specialized in small,
medium to large scale projects. During its period of operation, the firm
has undertaken a significant body of work comprising over 100 built
projects.
Figure 4.1: PAM award won by Geographer Cafe
36
4.2 Modifications to the Building
Lot 83 – Old Wing
The exterior of the building was refurbished with new paint and the air
hole above the window of the long façade was filled in with a 38” globe
with the word “Geographer Café” on it.
The building’s façade is much livelier and appealing compared to what
it used to look like. Passers-by are attracted to the colourful building,
thus increasing the flow of visitors to Jonker Street.
Figure 4.2: Lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.3: Lot 83 after renovation
37
The short façade of the Geographer Café. This building has become a
landmark of Jonker Street. Its new painting makes it stand out when
compared to other buildings that are situated on the same stretch of road.
The colours of Geographer Café was chosen carefully so that each
colours complement each other, giving it a new life just as that the owner
wanted.
Figure 4.4: Lot 83 and Jonker Street before renovation
Figure 4.5: Lot 83 and Jonker Street after renovation
38
The original columns are left untouched. New coats of paint is added to
cover the stains that had formed over the years. Plants were also planted
to bring nature into the building.
The colour of the building and the plants is in a contrast with the white
buildings on the same road. This has successfully caught many people’s
attention.
Figure 4.6: Columns of lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.7: Columns of lot 83 after renovation
39
The original Dutch awnings are left untouched. Years of neglect has left
the walls and awnings in a bad state. It is painted with the Geographer
Café’s famous orange colour to cover the mould and watermarks that
has formed on the awning and walls.
The Dutch awnings were maintained and preserved since it has great
significant and historical values with a priceless antiquity spirit to the
building.
Figure 4.8: Awnings of lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.9: Awnings of lot 83 after renovation
40
One of the window on the ground floor has been removed and was
replaced with starlight wall blocks. The windows had been replaced with
replicas and the door is repainted. This made the windows and door
more eye catching.
A ventilation pipe is added to remove the smoke from the kitchen. The
windows and door on the ground floor is sealed shut so that small
animals would not get into the kitchen.
Figure 4.10: Kitchen exterior before renovation Figure 4.11: Kitchen exterior after renovation
41
The balcony is extended to the road, forming a connection between the
two different lots in lot 83. Plants are grown below it. When the trees are
much taller, it formed a natural shade to the balcony.
The extended balcony is a naturally ventilated area. It is a great people
watching place. Customers can also enjoy the greenery when sitting in
the balcony.
Figure 4.12: Long elevation of lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.13: A balcony was extended outwards after renovation
42
The wall at the long façade is partially removed to allow multiple entry
into the café. The old metal grill doors are repainted with a shade of
green that complements the orange colour of the walls.
The removal of part of the load bearing wall leads to the increased
thickness of the columns and arches. Customers can now sit in the
arcade, which increased the amount of customers that can fit in the café
at the same time.
Figure 4.14: The walls of lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.15: Parts of the wall is removed after renovation
43
The ceiling of the ground floor was covered with timber planks. The
timber planks also serve as floorings for the first floor. The timber beams
were original and are repainted and reused.
The dark brown timber floorings created a warm feeling in the ground
floor. It also creates the effect of lowering the space, thus preventing the
space to feel too intimidating.
Figure 4.16: Old timber floorings are removed Figure 4.17: Timber beams were reused after being repainted
44
A new toilet area was built behind the staircase at the ground floor of the
old wing. A partition is added to provide some privacy to the customers.
The toilet is a necessity for a restaurant. The original flow of spaces had
to be changed to fulfil the function of the building as a café.
Figure 4.18: The walls of the toilet is built during renovation Figure 4.19: Toilet entrance after renovation
45
On the first floor, the old door which was located at the right side of the
wall was later covered with a plaster wall (blue) after the renovation. A
new opening was created on the wall, acting as a built in bar top.
The opening on the wall allowed waiters and customers to place orders
easily as they would not need to go to the other side of the wall. It is
called the “Blue Wall”.
Figure 4.20: Old wing first floor before renovation Figure 4.21: Old wing first floor after renovation
46
The before and after “signature” windows at first floor. The current
windows are an exact replica of the original building. This is to maintain
the originality of the building.
Casement window is added later onto the window as the room is air
conditioned. The casement window is kept closed when the louvered
window is opened to prevent energy loss.
Figure 4.22: Original wooden louvered window Figure 4.23: Exact replica of the original wooden louvered window
47
The air well in the old wing is originally opened only on 2 sides with 2
sides covered with walls. One side of the wall is removed to create a
more open air well. It is then fitted with casement windows and louvers.
This created a more continuous and open space in the first floor dining
area. Customers are able to sit around the air well while enjoying snacks
and drinks.
Figure 4.24: The state of the air well in the old wing before renovation Figure 4.25: The old wing air well after renovation
48
Timber planks blocking the opening was removed and refurbished with
timber louvers for better air ventilation.
The louvers are more suitable for the air well as the elements from the
windows are carried into the air well.
Figure 4.26: Opening to the air well before renovation Figure 4.27: Louvers replaced the wall above the air well
49
The first floor was fully renovated with new paint jobs and timber beam
and column structures. Electrical appliances such as fans, lights and etc.
were added too.
The first floor dining area is much more colourful and bright compared to
the original building. It is much more inviting with new paintings and
windows.
Figure 4.28: The old wing first floor dining are before renovation Figure 4.29: The old wing first floor dining are after renovation
50
Lot 81 – New Wing
A new set of timber doors and fixed timber windows were built at the
main entrance of the new wing shop lot. A steel folding grille door were
added after the timber doors and fixed windows.
Greeneries were added later on to provide privacy. The colour scheme
of the new wing is the same with the old wing.
Figure 4.30: Renovation of the new wing Figure 4.31: New wing after renovation
51
All the walls were repainted with a new colour that complements each
other.
The space is no longer dull and dark. The colours cheers people,
creating a fun environment in the space.
Figure 4.32: New wing dining area before renovation Figure 4.33: New wing dining area after renovation
52
New timber flooring is fixed to the original timber beams, with the timber
planks exposed and can be seen from the ground floor. 2 opening was
created on the brick wall.
The space underneath the staircase is used as a storeroom. Electrical
appliances and the “keluar” sign was added.
Figure 4.34: New wing bar area before renovation Figure 4.35: New wing bar area after renovation
53
The old staircase was taken down. Some parts of the walls were
exposed so the old brick walls could be seen, adding a historical sense
to the area. The old stairs is too old and dangerous, therefore it is
removed.
2 new openings were created on the brick wall which creates a sense of
connection between the dining area and the bar area. The timber beams
were repainted with a dark brown. Different shades of brown in the dining
area gives it a warm feeling.
Figure 4.36: New wing dining area with old stairs Figure 4.37: New wing dining area with old stairs removed
54
Parts of the timber beams in the new wing ground floor dining area were
cut and removed to create an atrium. Railings were added for safety
purposes.
The atrium is designed so that the ground floor dining area would have
a much open space. This is to prevent the customers to feel
claustrophobic in that space.
Figure 4.38: Renovation of the new wing ground floor dining area
Figure 4.39: Timber beams are cut to create an atrium
55
New stairs were built as a pathway from the ground floor to the first floor.
The old stairs that was located in the new wing dining area was too old
and was removed for safety.
The new stairs is built next to the old stairs, separated by a wall. The first
few steps were made using bricks and concrete while the other steps
are made of timber.
Figure 4.40: Construction of a new staircase in the new wing
Figure 4.41: Completed staircase in the new wing
56
The roof above the air well was left opened to allow sunlight to come in.
It is also to improve the ventilation in the café.
The roof slants inwards and extends into the air well so that rain water
will fall into the air well.
Figure 4.42: Renovation of the roof and air well Figure 4.43: Renovated air well in new wing
57
Timber shutter dividers were built to block a direct visual from the outside
into the toilets, providing privacy. It also divides the kitchen and the toilet.
Paint jobs were done and a sink was added.
Timber partition is also added in front of the kitchen. This is to prevent
customers from entering the kitchen and also to block their vision into
the kitchen.
Figure 4.44: Construction of toilets and kitchen in new wing Figure 4.45: Completed toilets and kitchen in new wing
58
On the first floor, the existing wall is removed to allow circulation to the
other space. A short flight of stairs is placed to allow customers access
the space below.
The roof beams and tiles are also exposed. The plasterboard ceilings
was removed so that customers can admire the beauty of the roof beams
and terracotta roof tiles.
Figure 4.46: New wing first floor dining area during renovation Figure 4.47: New wing first floor dining area after renovation
59
The first floor of the new wing is in a bad state and therefore new timber
floorings were required. Openings for the stair case and air well is made
before timber planks were placed.
Other elements such as the railings, electrical appliances and fans were
added. At some areas, the roof is low and allows customers to observe
the details of the roof beam and roof tiles.
Figure 4.48: New wing first floor air well before renovation Figure 4.49: New wing first floor air well after renovation
60
Before Melaka was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site, Geographer
Café has undergone several renovations that has altered the interior
spaces of the building so that it can function smoothly as a café.
Although some changes had been done on the exterior of the building,
the façade of the building is maintained to look just like the old building.
After Melaka was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site, buildings
located in the core zone are protected and are not allowed to undergo
renovations that changes the façade and spaces in the building. Since
then, Geographer Café has not been under renovation. All the codes for
the colours used in Geographer Café is recorded. Only the same colours
of paint is used in the future paint jobs.
61
5.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
5.1 Types of Shop houses in Melaka
5.2 Straits Eclectic Architecture
5.2 Architectural Style of Geographer Cafe
62
5.1 Types of Shop houses in Melaka
Many types of shop houses can be found in Melaka. They are of different
styles as Melaka has been influenced by different cultures. There are a
typically 5 types of shop houses in Melaka. Early shop houses, first
transition shop houses, second transition shop houses, art deco shop
houses and post war shop houses.
Other than post war shop houses, the other shop houses are
conservation buildings. These shop houses are the heritage of Melaka
and should be taken cared of for the future generations.
Early Shop houses (1600s - 1800s)
Shop houses built during this time has simple design. It has a single
window at the first floor facade. A roof awning covers the front of the
shop house.
Figure 5.2: Examples of early shop houses in Melaka
Figure 5.1: Typical early shop house components
63
Early Straits Eclectic Shop houses (1900s - 1940s)
The design of the Early Straits Eclectic shop house is more intricate than
the early shop houses. More windows with bigger openings can be found
on these shop houses.
Figure 5.3: Early Straits Eclectic shop house façade Figure 5.4: Examples of Jonker Street Early Straits
Eclectic shop houses
64
Late Straits Eclectic Shop houses (1910s - 1940s)
Compared to Early Straits Eclectic shop houses, more ornamentations
can be found on the Late Straits Eclectic shop houses. Some shop
houses have 3 floors and had intricately designed windows.
Figure 5.5: Two-storey Late Straits Eclectic shop house
components Figure 5.6: Windows on second storey of Late Straits
Eclectic shop houses
65
Art Deco Shop houses (1930s - 1960s)
Art Deco shop houses has less ornamentations. It does not have roof
awnings like the previous shop houses. In some Art Deco shop houses,
pediments and decorated frieze can be found.
Figure 5.7: Art Deco shop house components Figure 5.8: Window design of Art deco shop houses
66
Post War Shop houses (1930s - Now)
Shop houses built post war was not ornamented with ornaments that
reflect the culture of different ethnics. Bigger and wider windows line the
front facade of the building. Due to the lack of heritage in post war shop
houses, they are not conservation buildings.
Figure 5.9: Post war shop house components Figure 5.10: Examples of post war shop houses
67
5.2 Straits Eclectic Architecture
Melaka was under the ruling of the British and became one of the four
settlements in the Straits Settlements. In the early 20th century, shop
houses built in the Straits Settlements began to adopt Western
architectural styles with an emphasis on full-length French windows with
a pair of full-length timber shutters, an arched or rectangular transom
over the window opening, pilasters of classical orders and plaster
renderings. Shop houses built with type of architecture is called Straits
Eclectic style shop houses.
Unlike the early and traditional shop houses which have a continuous
row of windows, the Straits Eclectic style shop houses developed with
the breaking of the façade into two or three moulded openings. Such
style became popular among the Peranakan Cina community in Melaka
and Penang. Structurally, buildings of this style incorporate extensive
use of masonry with the introduction of reinforced concrete lintels and
beams, timber upper flooring and tiled roofs. On some buildings, the
usage of ornaments is at a minimal but when it is applied, it is more
significant towards the eye.
Figure 5.11: Typical Straits Eclectic architecture shop house
Figure 5.12: Geographer Café front facade
68
5.3 Architectural Style of Geographer Cafe
Through the years of history, buildings have been pushed, pulled,
poured and stretched into all sorts of shapes and styles. An architectural
style is characterized by the features that make a building or structure
notable and historically identifiable.
However, architectural style includes elements such as form, method of
construction, building materials, and regional character. Most
architecture can be classified as a chronology of styles which changes
over time reflecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, or the
emergence of new ideas, technology, or materials which make new
styles possible.
Geographer Café (Figure 5.11) is an award-winning, corner-lot bistro
with lots of flair for a Malaccan nightlife joint. This building has many
influences from over the years of culture and history, which shows in the
architecture of the building as the mixture of styles from different eras
such as Chinese, Dutch, French and Portuguese. The mixture of good
Asian and Western pub grub (Figure 5.12), an eccentric, laidback yet
warm atmosphere, great music and friendly service are the sole reasons
this cafe is the heart of Jonker Street.
Figure 5.13: Exterior façade of Geographer Café
Figure 5.14: Bar area of Geographer Café
69
Geographer Café (Lot 83) is a Straits Eclectic style building. Eclecticism
is a nineteenth and twentieth-century architectural style in which a single
piece of work incorporates a mixture of elements from previous historical
styles to create something that is new and original.
In architecture and interior design, these elements may include structural
features, furniture, decorative motives, distinct historical ornamentation,
traditional cultural motifs or styles from other countries. This mixture is
usually chosen based on its suitability of the project and the overall
aesthetic value.
The windows that located at the corner that outside the building (Figure
5.13) are with concrete awning (Figure 5.14) and Geographer café is the
only building with concrete awning in Jonker area.
As for Lot 81, it is an early shop house which dates back to the 1600s. It
is built when Melaka is under the ruling of the Dutch. The building is
much shorter compared to its neighbours and had a simple façade
(Figure 5.16). It can be easily recognised form its covered walkway and
small window on the first floor.
Figure 5.15: Concrete awning and window of
Geographer Café
Figure 5.16: Façade of Geographer Café Lot 81
70
The window which are located at the first floor (Figure 5.15) are French
louvered windows (Figure 5.16) with a pair of full-length timber shutters,
a rectangular transom over the window opening.
The arcade is located at the walkway (Figure 5.17) of the shop. An
arcade is a succession of arches (Figure 5.18), each counter-thrusting
the next, supported by columns, piers, or a covered walkway enclosed
by a line of such arches on one or both sides.
Figure 5.17: Old wing first floor dining area
Figure 5.18: French louvered windows
Figure 5.19: Arcade in the old wing
Figure 5.20: Succession of arches
71
The floor pattern inside (Figure 5.19) and outside the shop (Figure 5.20)
is geometric pattern clay floor and the floor tiles made that of terra-cotta
are commonly seen in the Straits Eclectic style.
Figure 5.21: New wing ground floor dining area
Figure 5.22: Old wing ground floor dining area
72
6.0 SPATIAL ARTICULATION AND CIRCULATION
6.1 Spatial Layout and Function
6.2 Classification of Space
6.3 Circulation
6.4 Relationship between Public and Private Spaces
6.5 Relationship between Exterior and Interior Spaces
73
6.1 Spatial Layout and Function
6.1.1 Hierarchy
Geographer cafe is combination of two double-storey shop houses
which are No. 81 (New wing) and No. 83 (Old wing). It is located in a
conspicuous corner pre-war building right in the heart of Old Melaka.
The cafe is in longitudinal layout and elongated narrow plan. The ground
floor contains of dining area, three courtyards, three bars, two kitchens
and toilet. The first floor contains of two dining areas, an office, two
storerooms, several toilets and a laundry area.
Figure 6.1: Space within Geographer Cafe are simplified in
massing diagram to show the hierarchy of the number of
people
74
Key spaces and specific dimension for the ground floor are labelled in
the plan and table below:
Spaces Area (m2)
1 Five foot way 66.44
2 Covered walkway 41.49
3 Dining area 1 26.75
4 Dining area 2 41.57
5 Bar 1 12.61
6 Bar 2 9.62
7 Courtyard 1 4.18
8 Courtyard 2 4.54
9 Courtyard 3 2.59
10 Kitchen 1 11.64
11 Kitchen 2 11.22
12 Toilet 1 5.99
13 Toilet 2 9.73
Figure 6.3: Ground floor plan of Geographer Café Figure 6.2: Table showing the area of ground floor spaces
75
Key spaces and specific dimension for the first floor are labelled in the
plan and table below:
Space Area (m2)
14 Dining area 3 61.63
15 Dining area 4 30.97
16 Dining area 5 22.4
17 Bar 3 15.46
18 Office 9.0
19 Store room 1 28.7
20 Store room 2 5.86
21 Laundry 2.95
22 Toilet 3 1.22
23 Balcony 7.95
Figure 6.5: First floor plan of Geographer Café Figure 6.4: First floor plan of Geographer Café
76
6.2 Classification of Space
6.2.1 Five Foot Walkway (Sunset Corridor)
Sunset Corridor is designed with the arches on the top and it also named
as Arched Corridor. The sitting area at the corridor is the best to enjoy
the sunset unveiling Jonker Walk’s magical splendour when dusk settles.
Figure 6.6 Old wing five foot way Figure 6.7: Arches are found along the corridor
77
6.2.2 Air well (Tropical Forest, Little Prince)
Air well is one of the unique feature in Melaka houses. The reason of air
well is for ventilation purpose and water catchment. Water collected will
be used for watering. The air well also allows sunlight into the building,
lighting up the space.
Figure 6.8: Air well named as “Little Prince” Figure 6.9: Air well named as “Tropical Forest”
78
6.2.3 Dining Area
The dining area is expanded in length, approximately three time bigger
than its width in a rectangular shape. The dining area found at the first
level is mostly for family gathering, professional gathering and events
like birthday and so on, in comparison to the dining area found in the
lower level which is only for casual client. Both levels of the building has
its dining area attached to a bar. The upper level area has more privacy
compared to the lower part, it is only accessible at night or when
reservation is made.
Figure 6.10: Old wing ground floor
dining area
Figure 6.11: New wing ground floor
dining area
Figure 6.12: Old wing first floor
dining area
79
Dining Area (Tango Floor)
Tango floor is at the first floor of the old wing. The space is open for
event and night time. It consists of several windows around the space.
Wooden tables and chairs sit on wooden floors, while the walls are
adorned with all manner of global paraphernalia and the odd random
antique sits on a shelf. A quieter, wood-panelled room where old French
tunes added an eclectic touch to the rustic decor.
Dining area (New wing)
The dining area at the new wing is designed with the atrium. The atrium
is designed because the preview upper floor slab is low, so the space is
very small and uncomfortable. With the double volume atrium, the space
is much more opened and welcoming.
Figure 6.13: Tango Floor (Old wing first floor
dining area)
Figure 6.14: New wing ground floor
dining area
80
6.2.4 Pavement
The pavement serves as a circulatory function. This feature can be found
in many shop houses in Malacca. It provide accessibility between the
shop house and road. Moreover, it allows interaction among the
neighbours.
The pavement is covered with red terracotta tiles. It provides a safe
place for passers-by to walk on when sightseeing around the area. It
protects them from the cars on Jonker Street.
Figure 6.15: Pavement around Geographer Café
81
6.3 Circulation
Circulation refers to the way people take through and around
building. Circulation is often thought of as the 'space between the
spaces', having a connective function.
Normally, the entrance of a shop house in Malacca is placed off centre
and create its own symmetrical condition about its opening, but
Geographer cafe is an exception. Being in a corner lot, they have a lots
openings to maximize the flow of patrons into the building.
Figure 6.16: Location of Geographer Café
Figure 6.17: Points of entry
82
The old wing is accessed first, followed by the new wing. The sequence
of spaces is also correlated to the degree of privacy, whereby the dining
areas are at the front.
The two staircase are vital to the building circulation, it is the only way to
create the vertical circulation to connect between the ground floor and
the first floor.
Figure 6.18: Dividing wall of the old wing and new wing Figure 6.19: Location of the staircases in Geographer Café
83
6.3.1 Customers’ Circulation
The space at the front of cafe is considered as open because the spatial
design is avoided the interior barriers like walls and partitions.
The customers’ circulation of Geographer Cafe has a linear pattern of
movement. While the circulation within the first floor depends on the
event and the number of customer. During night, the first floor will be
open to public.
Figure 6.20: Customers’ ground floor circulation Figure 6.21: Customers’ first floor circulation
84
6.3.2 Staff’s Circulation
The staff’s circulation is not only same as customers’ circulation, but also
extend to the end of the shop. As a cafe, the staff has to prepare and
serve the food and drinks to customers. Therefore, they have free
movement within the building such as kitchen, storeroom and bar.
Moreover, the spatial design at the back of the building is considered as
private. Areas such as the kitchen, bar and office are blocked with walls
and are connected with narrow walkways. The walls act as a partition
which indirectly prevents customers from entering those spaces.
Figure 6.22: Staff’s ground floor circulation Figure 6.23: Staff’s first floor circulation
85
6.4 Relationship between Public and Private Space
In the geographer’s cafe, most of the private spaces such as kitchen,
storeroom, and laundry are located at the back of the building and the
dining area is located on the front. Owing to the dining area at the first
floor is open to public during night and event, so it considered to be a
semi-public.
SPACE ACCESS
1. Kitchen
2. Bar
3. Dining area( Ground Floor)
4. Dining area ( First Floor)
5. Five foot way
6. Covered Walkway
7. Office
8. Laundry
9. Store room
10. Toilet ( Ground Floor)
11. Toilet ( First Floor)
PRIVATE SEMI PUBLIC PUBLIC
Figure 6.24: Public and private spaces in
Geographer Café
Figure 6.25: Table indicating public and private
spaces in Geographer Café
86
6.5 Relationship between exterior and interior space.
Relationship between covered walkway and the main dining area
The cafe is located at junction of the corner-lot as well as the centre of
Jonker Street. Jonker Street being one of the most famous place in
Melaka, it is pretty much crowded due to the night market in the weekend.
The covered walkway serves as a space connecting the interior spaces
to the exterior.
The dining area is an open space and people can look inside from the
exterior. This serves as both a way to attract people and as a ventilation
to the main dining area. The dining space show a deep sense of
openness which help to interact with the people from outside. The dining
area consists of different spaces scattered all the way around the
building, from the ground floor to the first floor but yet keep connected
giving the impression of a labyrinth.
Figure 6.27: Covered walkway in the old wing
Figure 6.28: Old wing ground floor dining area
87
7.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
7.1 Windows
7.2 Doors
7.3 Awnings
7.4 Air well
7.5 Arcade
7.6 Staircase
7.7 Ornaments
88
Geographer café is located within the brink of pre-war shopping street of
Chinatown (Jonker Street) in old Melaka. The Geographer café was
built based on the remaining of the ancient time that were seen during
the Malayan-Portuguese war. The war took place in the region of Melaka
bringing a multi trends after its end. Therefore, the buildings architecture
expresses the spiritual and cultural aspects of that specific period. Since
the building has an intrinsic value, its preservation was the only option
to save its significantly historical value, because once a piece of history
destroyed it is lots forever. The imminent design of the building illustrates
the mixture of Asian and western trends through several architectural
features presents in the building.
7.1 Windows
Glass free to allow better ventilation for indoor during the olden days.
Windows were designed with louvered technique and materials such as
timber were widely used. Both openings as each side allow huge
openings created wide view towards the Jonker Street.
It is considered as one of Geographer’s signature window located on the
first floor (Figure 7.1). After the renovation in 1999, glass were added as
another layer to prevent any damages to the interior of building.
Figure 7.1: French louvered windows
89
Figure 7.2: Large windows in the Café
enable good ventilation.
Figure 7.3: Wooden window located on
the first floor (balcony area)
90
7.2 Doors
The Geographer has been on Jonker Street for years, and sits inside a
beautiful heritage site. The classical style of the shop lot has been
renovated, maintaining the charm while playing with the decor.
Geographer Café is located in a conspicuous corner pre-war shop house,
hence the entrances are placed along the side and front of the building.
This allows spatial circulation of walking path, air ventilation, as well as
light penetration. The doors found in the café are mostly the typical
fashioned shop-house doors; metal folding doors.
Figure 7.4: Original metal folding doors
91
7.3 Dutch Awnings
Looking at the view of Jonker Street through one of the first floor
windows which is covered with a typical Dutch awning, one is able to
see the life of Jonker Street. This awning is made out of pure concrete,
which is why it is still in a good condition after all these years. One of
the main advantages of preserving the structure since the year 1999 is
that it maintains the originality of the building which then enhances the
characteristics of Geographer Café. Three Dutch awnings are located
along the long side of the café are well preserved and is maintained to
today with constant maintenance such as repainting and sealing cracks.
Figure 7.5: The Dutch awning made of concrete
is one of a unique characteristics of Geographer
Café.
92
7.4 Air Well
Important features of the shop-house is the use of air wells to introduce
natural daylight into the interior spaces as well as keeping the building
ventilated with natural air. Plants are planted in the air wells where users
are able to experience greenery indoor, hence creating an indoor
courtyard.
Old buildings like Geographer Café are built next to each other, causing
the lack of windows. The air wells are built in the middle of the buildings
to replace the windows the buildings lack. These air wells are spaces for
ventilation purposes as well as a water catchment area. Collected water
can be used for household activities.
Figure 7.6: Air well in the old wing
Figure 7.7: Air well in the new wing
93
7.5 Arcade
An arcade is a succession of arches, each counter-thrusting the next,
supported by columns, piers, or a covered walkway enclosed by a lie of
such arches on one or both sides. In the Geographer Café, the arches
are supported by the columns on both sides, forming a covered walkway.
The arcade provides shelter for the pedestrians from sun and rain.
Tables and chairs are placed in the arcade to provide more seats for the
customers especially during the lunch and dinner time.
Figure 7.8: Arcade (Covered Walkway) in
the old wing of Geographer Café
94
7.6 Staircase
There are two staircases in the Geographer Cafe. The first, a half landing
staircase which is located in the new wing and secondly, a winder
staircase which is located in the old wing. The brick walls only provide
minimal support for both staircases. Both staircases are fully constructed
with timber. For the half landing staircase, material used in elements of
staircase were made out of timber finishing such as risers, treads,
handrails and balusters.
The winder staircase was constructed with modern vertical railings with
a narrow gap in between as a protection for children when they ascend
and descend the staircase. Materials such as timber is widely use to
enhance the warmth and it also harmonises the atmosphere. This allows
the user to feel the stability while moving around from space to space.
Figure 7.9: Half landing staircase in
the old wing Figure 7.10: Winder staircase in the
new wing
95
7.7 Ornaments
Pilaster
The pilaster is used to give the appearance of a supporting column and
to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It
consists of a flat surface raised from the wall surface, it is usually treated
as though it were a column, with a capital at the top and plinth at the
bottom.
Geographer globe
Previously when this corner lot was known as Mei Jing Kopitiam, there
used to be an air hole. The air hole provides proper ventilation and
circulation, however during the renovation, a 38-inch globe was custom-
made to cover it. Inside we see one half of the globe and the other half
outside. The globe shines during the day because of sunlight and it is
lighted up at night.
Figure 7.12: Geographer globe
from interior
Figure 7.13: Geographer globe
from exterior Figure 7.11: Pilasters on the exterior
façade of Geographer Café
96
Cornice
A cornice is generally any horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a
building or furniture element or around the top edge of a pedestal. The
function of a projecting cornice is to run rain water off the building’s wall.
A cornice normally has a decorative aspect with it. In the Geographer’s
café, the cornice is place both at the top of the building and at the
beginning of the first floor.
Corbels
Corbels were first used in medieval cathedrals. They were both
architectural and intentional as a corbel is used to carry a specific weight
of the building or structure which in our case is the structure of the pitch
roof.
Figure 7.15: Corbels supporting
the old wing pitched roof
Figure 7.14: The cornice lines the
façade of the Geographer Cafe
Figure 7.16: Corbels supporting
the new wing pitched roof
Figure 7.16: Corbels supporting
the new wing pitched roof
Figure 7.16: Corbels supporting
the new wing pitched roof
97
Star Breeze Block
The star breeze block is a concrete block suitable for non-load bearing
masonry. Its general pattern is a star shape inside a square. The star
breeze block can also be linked more broadly to the tradition of the brise
soliel, which refers to any kind of sun baffle installed outside the skin of
the building. Since the star breeze blocks are not usually structural, they
were often used as ornaments to decorate a wall.
In Geographer Café, these star breeze blocks can be found only in the
old wing toilet and along the old wing staircase. It allows natural sunlight
to shine into a space. These star breeze blocks also improves the
ventilation of a space.
Figure 7.17: Star breeze block found
along the old wing staircase
Figure 7.18: Star breeze block in the
old wing toilet
98
8.0 BUILDING STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND
MATERIALS
8.1 Floor Slab, Beams and Columns Construction
8.2 Wall Construction
8.3 Roof Construction
8.4 Construction Materials
99
8.1 Floor Slab, Beams and Columns Construction
8.1.1 Ground Floor Slab Construction
The base of the building is strengthened by adding aggregate such as
stones and sand above ground. Concrete was added into the aggregate
before the terracotta tiles were placed as finishing.
As for the covered walkway, cement-sand screed is used and is covered
with cement topping. The concrete is then scored to create patterns
instead of leaving it plain.
Aside of the covered walkway and air wells, all floors on the ground floor
level are covered with terracotta tiles.
Figure 8.1: Terracotta Tiles
Figure 8.2: Scored Concrete Flooring
100
Terracotta Tiles
Terra cotta is one of the oldest tile materials around, dating back before
the birth of Christ, when it was sun-dried rather than oven-fired. People
often use it, glazed or unglazed, to create different looks.
Figure 8.3: Plan indicating location of terracotta tiles
Figure 8.4: Terracotta flooring of ground floor old wing
Figure 8.5: Terracotta flooring of ground floor new wing
101
Scored Concrete Floor
The scoring of the concrete floor is done by using machine tools to score
lines or patterns on a dried concrete. This allows different patterns to be
created on the concrete.
Figure 8.6: Plan indicating location of scored
concrete floor
Figure 8.7: Scored concrete floor at the covered walkway
102
8.1.2 First Floor Slab Construction
Timber Floor System
Geographer Café has mixed construction method. A large section of the
first floor uses timber floor system. The timber floor system of some parts
in this building consists of timber planks that sits on an array of timber
joists. These joists are slotted into concrete beams which are reinforced
by steel I beams to resist shear force from acting upon the concrete
beam.
Figure 8.8: Plan indicating the location of timber
flooring system
Figure 8.9: Timber joists supported by concrete beams
Figure 8.10: Diagram of timber joists supported
by timber beams
103
The other type of timber flooring system is where the timber beams are
supported by the walls. Timber joists are then placed onto the timber
beams. Lastly, the timber planks are fixed onto timber joists.
The timber joists and timber planks are exposed. It acts as the ceiling for
the ground floor as well as the floor for the first floor. Footsteps can be
heard from below when there are people walking above.
Figure 8.11: Timber joists supported by timber beams
Figure 8.12: Diagram of timber joists supported by
timber beams
Figure 8.14: Timber planks can be seen from
the ground floor
Figure 8.13: Timber flooring on the first floor
104
Concrete Floor System
A small section of the first floor of the cafe is of concrete floor system.
This floor system is constructed of reinforced concrete and is supported
by the load bearing walls and columns of the cafe.
The concrete flooring is scored and painted red to create a colourful and
fun space.
Figure 8.15: Plan indicating location of the concrete floor system
Figure 8.16: Scored concrete in old wing
first floor
Figure 8.17: Connection of the concrete
floor to the load bearing wall
105
Strengthening a steel beam may also be achieved by adding shear
connectors and providing either a new concrete slab or a new topping
over an existing slab of weak concrete.
Figure 8.18: Indication of I beam below the concrete slab Figure 8.19: Sectional detail for I beam and concrete
flooring
106
8.1.3 Columns
A column is a vertical structure in a building that transfers load from the
beams to the foundation. The columns found in Geographer Cafe
supports the overhang of the first floor. It is constructed with reinforced
concrete to increase the strength of the column.
Figure 8.20: Round columns in the old wing Figure 8.21: Quarter-circle column in the old wing
107
8.2 Wall Construction
The walls in Geographer Cafe is constructed with bricks. They are load
bearing walls that supports the building. Brick walls were widely used in
traditional buildings due to its durability on heavy loads. It is also fire
resistance which made it important as party walls.
Some walls in Geographer Cafe is exposed. Therefore the type of the
bond of the bricks can be identified. The old walls are constructed using
Stretcher bond.
Newer walls were constructed using English bond. This created an
interesting pattern on the walls especially where they are connected.
Figure 8.22: Exposed Stretcher bonds brick wall
Figure 8.23: New wing air well with exposed English
bond brick wall
Figure 8.24: A combination of Stretcher bond brick wall
and English bond brick wall
108
8.3 Roof Construction
Domestic Roof Construction (King Post Truss)
The roof construction system used in the building is the King Post Truss
Roof. The structure is built with timber and it is the simplest roof truss
structure. It is known as the most cost effective truss and it solves many
structural problems as well. The bottom chord acts as a “tie” for the room
holding the walls together. In Geographer café the strut is not included.
The timber purlins are fixed on the timber beams. Clay roof tiles are
arranged directly on the timber battens. The roof is left exposed so that
all customers can enjoy its beauty.
Figure 8.25: The structure of a King Post Truss. Figure 8.26: The roof structure of Geographer Café.
109
Clay Tiles (Spanish S-Tile)
The roof structure is covered with a layer of coverings using Clay Tiles.
There are many types of clay tiles and in Geographer Café the Spanish
S-Tile is used.
Figure 8.27: Example of “S” style clay roof tile and its
assembling
Figure 8.28: Construction drawing of clay tiles being
attached to roof structure
Figure 8.29: View of Geographer Café’s roof coverings
from the outside
110
8.4 Construction Materials
8.4.1 Terracotta Tiles
Terracotta tile is low-fired clays. It is commonly reddish and unglazed.
But it may also be hard-fired glazed or unglazed ceramic material. It is
formed by pressing clay into a mould.
Terracotta tile is widely used on the ground level of Geographer Café.
Depending on the degree of its firing, terracotta tiles are usually durable
thus allowing the floors of Geographer Café to be in good condition even
after a period of time. It is also fireproof and strong providing a desired
safety standard to the space.
It can be moulded into any shape virtually and it comes in a variety of
designs, colours and finishes depending on its constructed purpose.
Figure 8.30: Terracotta tiled flooring in Geographer Cafe
111
8.4.2 Clay Roof Tiles
Clay roof tile is one of the oldest and widely used types of roofing in the
world. It is extremely durable. It has a lifespan of over a hundred years
making its maintenance minimal and economically good. It comes in
various shapes and colours. Allowing more roofing techniques to be
applied.
This type of roof tile also has reflective properties. It aids in the efficiency
of heating and cooling systems. It is also resistant to mould or rot and
does not changes its size according to temperature. It is also able to
withstand violent weathers such as heavy rain or strong wind.
Figure 8.31: Clay roof tiles and timber battens of the roof
structure
112
8.4.3 Concrete
Concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made of Portland cement,
water and aggregates. Aggregates make up approximately 60-75% of
the mixture and they are usually sand and crushed rocks gravels and
etc. Different aggregates will influence the concrete differently in terms
of its durability, structural performances and cost.
Concrete is widely used in Geographer Café. It is used for columns, part
of the floor and the walls. Concrete is a non-combustible material
allowing it to withstand high temperature or in short, fire resistant. It is
durable as the weathering and corrosive effects are extremely minimal.
Fresh concrete can be easily handled and moulded to any desired shape.
Concrete requires minimal maintenance as it holds long life span
resulting it to be economically good. It also has high compressive
strength and good sound insulation to prevent sound pollution.
Figure 8.32: Concrete floor that is scored with patterns
similar to the terracotta tiles
Figure 8.33: Concrete columns in Geographer Café
113
8.4.4 Timber
Timber is used for many main elements in Geographer Café such as the
beams, floorings, windows, the doors and also the ceiling. Timber has a
lot of advantages which is why it was greatly used as a structure as
support for the building.
Timber can be a very good insulator. Back in the days when technology
was not as advanced, a building with proper temperature control was
desired to provide a comfortable space to live in. Without the help of
technology in the old ages, minimal production energy made timber one
of the preferred material to construct with.
This material is also easy to work with. It is easy to install and can be
used in many ways. Timber is readily available as long as trees are still
being planted.
Figure 8.34: Timber floors make up most of the first floor
Figure 8.35: Timber beams supporting first floor’s timber
planks
114
Figure 8.36: Timber staircase that connects ground floor
and first floor. Figure 8.37: The “signature” window of Geographer Café
constructed with timber.
115
8.4.5 Bricks
A brick is made up of clay, sand, lime and cement. It is a solid masonry
unit composed of inorganic non-metallic materials hardened or burnt by
heat or chemical action. It is commonly produced using mould.
Clay bricks are used to construct the walls of Geographer Café. Its
surface were rock face and it is rough. Bricks are good in adjusting the
building’s temperature. It keeps the building cool throughout the day.
English bond and Dutch bond were used in constructing the walls. The
brick walls are combined with both old and new bricks hence having 2
different brick bond techniques.
Moreover, the old brick wall was preserved and add on the new brick
wall at the first floor. The brick wall was intentionally skin off to see the
contrast between the old brick and new brick.
Figure 8.38: Intentionally exposed brick walls of
Geographer Café.
116
8.4.6 Steel
Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron. It is one of the basic
materials used in most of today’s civil engineering industry because of
its strength and durability.
Steel is extremely durable as it is resistant to rot, mould or termites.
Though it is not used for framing in this building, it is used for its sliding
doors, balustrades and railings. Steel also has high compressive and
tensile strength in which it does not changes its form when applied with
force.
Figure 8.39: Steel folding door that were painted to prevent rusting
Figure 8.40: Steel railings surround the air well for safety
117
9.0 BUILDING DEFECTS AND DILAPIDATION
9.1 Stains
9.2 Rusts
9.3 Peeling Paint
9.4 Fading Colours
9.5 Cracks
118
A building defect is defined as a material, component or finish which
does not meet its expected performance criteria. Defects can be found
in many buildings and form over time. As Geographer Café is an old
building, defects and dilapidation can be found all over the place.
9.1 Stains
Footstep of incoming visitors overtime which cause unwelcoming
appearance while moving to another space. This can be removed by
cleaning it from time to time.
Figure 9.1: Stairs located at old wing is discoloured due
to the footprints of customers
Figure 9.2: The floor tiles are stained from people’s
footprints
119
Elements left before Geographer Café, were kept and preserved to
enhance the significant features of the building. Overtime, weather
cause the elements to differ from its original appearance.
Some stains caused by insects waste and dust are hard to remove as
they are usually found in hard to reach areas.
Figure 9.3: Exposed roof tiles in the new wing
Figure 9.5: Dust and insect waste get stuck in the
Geographer globe
Figure 9.4: Gaps between timber structures are very dirty
120
9.2 Rust
Maintenance are not made frequently may cause rust to form on metal
surfaces. Severely rusted items should be replaced for safety purposes.
Other metal surfaces should be coated with anti-corrosion paint to
prevent rust.
Figure 9.6: The outdoor retractable table’s hinges are
rusted due to the weather Figure 9.7: Rust is forming on the metal sliding doors as
it always is exposed to the weather
121
9.3 Peeling Paint
A building would require new coats of paint every few years. In
Geographer Café, some paint has peeled off over time, leaving some
spots without any paint. This affects the overall atmosphere of a space.
Figure 9.8: The paint on the metal sliding door’s frame
has peeled off due to friction
Figure 9.9: The paint behind the lamp has fallen off from
the wall
122
9.4 Fading Colours
Colours on the floor, walls or furniture may fade over time due to many
reasons such as friction, UV rays or chemical reactions. This causes
many places in Geographer Café to lose its original charm, making it feel
dirty and uncomfortable.
Figure 9.10: The paint on the concrete floor next to
staircase in the old wing is worn off Figure 9.11: The timber table top’s colour has faded due
to customers’ constant rubbing
123
9.5 Cracks
Bad workmanship during the construction of the building or other
external factors may cause cracks to form on the walls. Some of these
cracks may be superficial while some may affect the strength of the
building. Any of these cracks would affect the appearance of a building.
Figure 9.12: Cracks has formed on the new wing’s walls Figure 9.13: The thickened arches have cracks on it over
time
124
10.0 CONCLUSION
10.1 Historical Significance
10.2 Cultural Significance
10.3 Reflections
125
10.1 Historical Significance
The Geographer’s Café has a long history dating back to the early
beginnings of Jonker Street in Melaka. Since the 18th century the
building has stood where it was first constructed, during all this time
Melaka had gone through numerous major events. During the 18th
century the Geographer’s Café has served as a “Kopitiam” to the
merchants of Jalan Hang Jebat although back then the building is known
as Mei Jing Kopitiam.
During the Dutch and British occupation of Melaka, Jalan Hang Jebat
was changed to Jonker Street, due to the sudden influx of European
migrants this meant that there were more businessmen and trading
being conducted along Jonker Street specifically. Jonker Street back
then was nicknamed “Wealthy Street”, this wealth meant that there were
newer businesses opening up and that the business flourished during
this period.
Throughout the building there can be found pre-war antiques and
memorabilia which reflects the rich history that the Café already has, this
charm brought by the amalgamation of the old and new is unique as the
antiques vary from the extraordinary to the mundane which blend
seamlessly with the backdrop of the busy shop-house. This sense of
preservation of the past is the highlight of the Geographer’s building as
many elements of the building itself is left un-altered and restored to its
original state. An interactive capsule that captures the essence and
lifestyle of the past.
126
10.2 Cultural Significance
Due to the Geographer’s long and diverse history, there have been many
cultural influences which have shaped the building itself. From the
designs to the antiques and posters that can be found throughout the
café, there is a distinct element from every culture such as the colonial
influenced Dutch awnings, posters of British propaganda can be found
giving visitors to the Café an insight to what it was like for the people
living under the colonial rule at the time.
The very shape of the building is typical of traditional Chinese Nyonya
shop-house, the Chinese influence can be seen throughout the Café
from olden memorabilia such as posters of singers from the 70’s to the
90’s and traditional Chinese newspaper clippings of various major
events that happened during that period. This diversity of cultures
extends to the food and drink as well, the Cafés signature dish would be
the Curry Ramen which is a very Malaysian fusions dish with Japanese
Ramen. The café offers a wide range of drinks as well, from fruit juices
and coconut freshly cut, coffee and teas but is especially popular for their
alcohol specifically the draught beers and their cocktails.
The building itself has been serving customers since it’s early conception
and has been a special place where customers from all different walks
of life can come to the Geographer’s Café and appreciate the living
historical setting of Jonker Walk and the character of the Café itself.
127
10.3 Reflections
The start of the project, we were assigned to study the context, history,
architecture features, significance, measured drawings of Geographer
Café, Malacca. Eclectic style architecture that influenced by Chinese
traditional elements, Dutch influence and etc. Main structures that can
be identified through the façade are the Dutch Awnings and the Chinese
traditional louvered windows and Metal panel doors. Renovations were
made few years back to enhance the characteristics of the building,
which includes the interiors and exterior elements. Interactions with the
building’s owner, Mr Peter Tseng, gave us assistance by providing tours
to understanding the background of this Café are clear.
We are given five days to collect data that can be done on spot. Planning
and organizing are essential to reduce circulation difficulty while
identifying necessary measurements when the business is in operating
hours. Measurements tools are used to increase efficiency such as
approximations for certain parts of the building and unreachable height
of the space. Despite the planning and exhausting most of our
manpower to cover as much of the building as possible, that one week
of site visit was not sufficient for us. In addition to the mounting problems
that we were all experiencing such as measurement that do not tally as
well as dimensions that do not fit. As a result, we had to perform
calculated approximations for certain parts of the building. There were
even occasions when certain lengths and dimensions had to be re-
measured countless times to ensure its accuracy.
Since the building is fully furnished, care had to be taken when recording
measurement for different parts of the building especially for places
where most customer activity is observed so that customers would not
be disturbed.
Interacting with the building’s staff also proved to be of assistance to us
as that has enabled us to understand the architectural layout and the
historical background of the building better. The curator who gave us a
tour of the café was able to provide us with significant information for the
different elements or layouts that are represented in the building.
128
The completion of our drawings with the consultation session with our
tutor sees our drawing improve further. The architecture drawing are a
huge and crucial part of our project not only to obtain a positive outcome
out of this but also to benefit us as individuals during our remaining
semesters. Given the numerous datelines and interim sessions which
we faced, we had to acquire CAD-ing skill swiftly.
129
11.0 REFERENCES
130
Book References
1. Allen, E., & Iano, J. (2009). The Fundamentals of Building Construction (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. Ching, D.K. (2008). Building Construction Illustrated. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Melaka State Government. The guide to Melaka. (1st ed.). Malaysia: Leisure Guide publishing Sdn. Bhd.
4. Town and Country Planning Department, Melaka. The Core and Buffer Zones of the Historic City of Melaka. Malaysia
5. Teh, B.T., Wahab, N.A., Rusli, N.L. (2009, November 11). Malaysia World Heritage City, Melaka Town. Malaysia: Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia.
6. Weebers, R.C.M, Ahmad, Y. (2010, July). Architecture and Typology of “Dutch” shop houses in Melaka Malaysia. University of Malaya.
Online References
1. Ahmad. A.G. (1994). The Architectural Style of the Peranakan Cina. Retrieved March 1, 2017, from
http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/SeminarPaper/peranakan%20cina.html
2. Anonymous. (2007, September). Sejarah Melaka. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from
http://www.kotasejarah.blogspot.com
3. Anonymous. (2008). Geographer Cafe (Before and after). Retrieved January 20, 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/robomk/geographer-cafe-before-and-after
131
4. Anonymous. (2011). The History Of Geographer Cafe. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/elainechoo87/the-history-of-geographer-cafe
5. Anonymous. (n.d). Difference Between King Post & Queen Post Roof Truss. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from
http://gharpedia.com/king-post-queen-post-roof-truss/
6. Building Conservation. (2008). Typology of Shop houses in Malaysia. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from
http://buildingconservation.blogspot.com/search/label/Heritage%20Shophouses
7. Channibal.com. (2017). Chinese heritage in Malacca, Malaysia: Heeren Street and early shophouses. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from
http://www.channibal.com/Shop/Heeren.php
8. Designingbuildings.co.uk. (2017). Stainless steel in construction - Designing Buildings Wiki. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Stainless_steel_in_construction#Introduction
9. Gsa.gov. (2016). Terra Cotta: Characteristics, Uses and Problems. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from
https://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/112578
10. Inspectapedia.com. (2017). Guide to Clay Tile Roof Styles, Shapes, Profiles, Uses. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from
http://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Clay_Tile_Roof_Styles.php
11. Kamal, K. (2008, April 1). Categories and Style of Shop Houses and Townhouses in Malacca and George Town, Malaysia. Retrieved February
22, 2017, from
http://buildingconservation.blogspot.my/2009/01/categories-of-shophouses-at-malacca.html
132
12. Malaysiadesignarchive.org. (2017). Malaysia Design Archive | An Influence of Colonial Architecture to Building Styles and Motifs in Colonial
Cities in Malaysia. Retrieved January 30, 2017, from
http://www.malaysiadesignarchive.org/an-influence-of-colonial-architecture-to-building-styles-and-motifs-in-colonial-cities-in-malaysia/
13. Orientalarchitecture.com. (2017). Asian Historical Architecture: A Photographic Survey. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from
http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/cid/94/malaysia/melaka
14. Rozliani, M., Azree, O.M., Norazmawati, M.S., Ruhizal, R., & Hasnanywati, H. (2012). Classification of Inheritance Shop Houses in George
Town, Penang – UNESCO world Heritage Site. Retrieved February 16, 2016 from
http://anale-ing.uem.ro/2012/16.pdf
15. Selfhelpandmore.com. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of Clay Tile Roofing - Self Help and More. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from
http://www.selfhelpandmore.com/building/roofing/types/clay-tile.php
16. Stephen Emmitt & Christopher A. Gorse. (2010). Barry’s Introduction to Construction of Buildings. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from
http://books.google.com.my/books?id=6G0doVhKG40C&lpg
17. Tastimber.tas.gov.au. (2017). The Benefits of Building with Timber. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from
http://www.tastimber.tas.gov.au/SusArticle_View.aspx?articleid=71
18. Tsong, B.T. (2009). Malaysia World Heritage City: Melaka. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from
https://www.academia.edu/1706634/Malaysia_World_Heritage_City_Melaka
19. Vermonttimberworks.com. (2017). King Post Trusses. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from
http://www.vermonttimberworks.com/our-work/timber-trusses/king-post-truss/
133
20. Wijnen, B. (2017). Jonker Walk Melaka. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from
http://www.malaysiasite.nl/melakajonkerwalk.htm
134
12.0 APPENDIX
12.1 Photo Book
12.2 Scaled Drawings
135
Photo Book
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
Scaled Drawings
METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND MEASURED DRAWINGGEOGRAPHER CAFE
NO 83, JALAN HANG JEBATMELAKA 7500, MALAYSIA
PRESENTED BY :
LIST OF DRAWINGS
NO DRAWING DRAWING NO1234
KEY PLAN, LOCATION PLAN, SITE PLAN & SITE SECTIONGROUND FLOOR PLANFIRST FLOOR PLAN
TEAM GEOMELAKA
GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN56789
1011121314
FIRST FLOOR FINISH PLANGROUND FLOOR REFLECTED PLANFIRST FLOOR REFLECTED PLANFRONT ELEVATIONSIDE ELEVATIONSECTION Q - QSECTION R - RSECTION S -SSECTION T - TSECTION U - U
SECTION V - VSECTION W - WSECTION X - X
15
161718
SECTION Y - YSECTION Z - Z
1920
NO DRAWING DRAWING NO
21 DOOR SCHEDULE 1
22 DOOR SCHEDULE 2
23 WINDOW SCHEDULE 1
2425
DOOR DETAILS26WINDOW DETAILS27OLD WING STAIRCASE & ATRIUM DETAIL28AIR - WELL DETAILS29
ROOF PLAN
GC - MD - KP - 01
GC - MD - FP - 02
GC - MD - FP - 03
GC - MD - RP - 04
GC - MD - FF - 05
GC - MD - FF - 06
GC - MD - RCP - 07
GC - MD - RCP - 08
GC - MD - ELE - 09
GC - MD - ELE - 10
GC - MD - SEC - 11
GC - MD - SEC - 12
GC - MD - SEC - 13
GC - MD - SEC - 14
GC - MD - SEC - 15
GC - MD - SEC - 17
GC - MD - SEC - 18
GC - MD - SEC - 19
GC - MD - SEC - 20
GC - MD - DS - 21
GC - MD - DS - 22
GC - MD - WS - 23
GC - MD - TD - 24
GC - MD - TD - 25
GC - MD - WD - 27
GC - MD - SD - 28
GC - MD - AWD - 29
ISOMETRIC & EXPLODED PROJECTION30 GC - MD - ISO - 30
FLOOR TILING DETAIL: GROUND FLOOR
GC - MD - SEC - 16
FLOOR TILING DETAIL: FIRST FLOORGC - MD - DD - 26
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 2016AS SHOWNLOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-
01GC - MD - KP - 01TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
GEOGRAPHER CAFE
JALAN HANGJEBAT
SHOPHOUSE30
SHOPHOUSES 21
JALAN HANGLEKIR
GEOGRAPHER CAFESHOPHOUSE65 / 78 / 79
SHOPHOUSE144
B
B
JALAN TUKANG EMAS
JALAN KOTA LAKSAMANA
JALA
N HANG
LEKIU
JALA
N HANG LE
KIR
JALA
N HANG KA
STUR
I
JALAN TUN TAN CHENG LOK
Bacang
Taman BaktiTaman Kasturi
Taman BukitSenjuang
Pulau Melaka
Hatten City
Perkampungan Portugis
02DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-
GC - MD - FP - 02TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
A1
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-
03GC - MD - FP - 03TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
A1
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
1 : 5006 / 03 / 2016
LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-
04GC - MD - RP - 04TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
A1
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-
05GC - MD - FF - 05TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
A1
1 : 50SCALE :
DMZLOUIS, SUKESHDRAWN BY :
30MEASURED BY : -CHECKED BY :
DATE : 06 / 03 / 201606GC - MD - FF - 06TAYLOR'S
UNIVERSITY
A1
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-
07GC - MD - RCP - 07
A1
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-
08GC - MD - RCP - 08
A1
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50MAN KIT, LOUISDMZ-
09TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
GC - MD - ELE - 09
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
10TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
GC - MD - ELE - 10
MAN KIT, LOUIS
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50ALEX, SUKESHDMZ-
VOID
void
VOID
11TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
GC - MD - SEC - 11
12TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
ALEX, SUKESH
GC - MD - SEC - 12
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
13TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
ALEX, SUKESH
GC - MD - SEC - 13
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
14TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
ALEX, SUKESH
GC - MD - SEC - 14
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50MAN KIT, SUKESHDMZ-
15TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
GC - MD - SEC - 15
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
16TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
MAN KIT, SUKESH
GC - MD - SEC - 16
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
17TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
MAN KIT, SUKESH
GC - MD - SEC - 17
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
18TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
HAZEL, SUKESH
GC - MD - SEC - 18
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
A1
19TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
HAZEL, SUKESH
GC - MD - SEC - 19
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
A1
20TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
HAZEL, SUKESH
GC - MD - SEC - 20
SINGLE -LEAF MSM GRILLE DOOR TO DETAIL
NEW WING FRONT FACADE (GRD. FLR.)
SINGLE-LEAF WATER RESIST. TIMBER DOOR WITH TIMBERDOOR FRAME C/W G.I. LINING INTERNALLY
NEW WING TOILET (GRD. FLR.)
SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER SALOON DOOR WITH TIMBERDOOR FRAME
NEW WING TOILET (GRD. FLR.)
SINGLE-LEAF WATER RESIST. TIMBER DOOR WITH TIMBERDOOR FRAME C/W G.I. LINING INTERNALLY
OLD WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.)
SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR C/W METAL DOORPADLET HANDLETIMBER DOOR FRAME
OLD WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.) OLD WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.)
SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR C/W GLASS PANELTIMBER DOOR FRAME
NEW WING OFFICE (FIRST. FLR.)
SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOORTIMBER DOOR FRAME
1 NOS. 2 NOS. 1 NOS. 2 NOS.
1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50ALLDMZ-
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
TYPE
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
TYPE
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
TYPE
QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY
LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION NEW WING STORAGE (FIRST. FLR.)
1 NOS.
SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR C/W METAL DOORPADLET HANDLETIMBER DOOR FRAME
75 600 75
13050 260
10080
1500150 1200
100
1001114
670
37.5
2087
91550 535 50
10140
1200110 110 325 110
130
60
805570
5
130
1800
50 800 50
13050
4521
10501400 424 420 260 130130
130166
20
119
50
300120
Out In
Out In
Out In
Out In OutIn
InOut
Out In
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
GC - MD - DS - 21
30
21
TEN-LEAF MS. FOLDING DOORMETAL DOOR FRAME
NEW WING FRONT FACADE (GRD. FLR.)
METAL DOOR FRAMEFIVE-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR
OLD WING FRONT (GRD. FLR.)
METAL DOOR FRAMESIX-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR
OLD WING BALCONY (GRD. FLR.)
BLACK POWDER COATED MS.GRILL DOOR WITHMS.GRILLE ABOVE 1800MM HIGH FENCE WALL WITHCEMENT PLASTER ON BOTH SIDES
OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)
BLACK POWDER COATED GRILL DOOR
NEW WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.)
TIMBER DOOR FRAMETIMBER SLIDING DOOR
NEW WING (FIRST. FLR.)
TIMBER DOOR FRAMESINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR
NEW WING WASHROOM (FIRST. FLR.)
1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.
1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
TYPE
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
TYPE
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
QUANTITY QUANTITY
LOCATION LOCATION
50
130
2000392 10
25392120
40
51464070
50 248 836 101195
9566051
20071054882
700600
4558440 350 45
127128305
50
50124
Fold
Fold
Out
In
FoldFold
OLDNEW
Fold
Out
In
Out
In
SLIDING
OLD
NEW
Out
In
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
30
22ALL
GC - MD - DS - 22
POWDER COATED ALUMN. FRAME TOP HUNG WINDOW& SLIDING WINDOW C/W 6MM THK.CLEAR GLASS
NEW WING KITCHEN (GRD. FLR.)
1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.
1 NOS. 2 NOS. 1 NOS.
GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME (SIZE VARIES)
OLD WING AIRWELL AREA (FIRST. FLR.)
GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME (SIZE VARIES)
OLD WING AIRWELL AREA (FIRST. FLR.)
GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME
OLD WING AIRWELL AREA (FIRST. FLR.)
TIMBER LOUVERED WINDOW
OLD WING BALCONY (FIRST. FLR.)
ALUMINIUM LOUVERED WINDOW
NEW WING TOILET (FIRST. FLR.)
FIXED GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME
NEW WING OFFICE (FIRST. FLR.)
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
06 / 03 / 20161 : 30
DMZ-
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
TYPE
TYPE TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY
LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION
LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY
75
38
195
120
75
2250
750 750
3722 375039546835 90 1022
372235 90 1022 123923
3561
60 33 675
90075
150
75
5207
75 345 75 75454345250195
750
240
230
240
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
30
23ALL
GC - MD - WS - 23
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50CHO MUNDMZ-
24TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
GC - MD - TD - 24
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
25TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
CHO MUN
GC - MD - TD - 25
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50MAN KIT, CHIAO ER, HAZELDMZ-
LOCATION
TYPE
QUANTITY
Out
In
404 17 18100
2531
18
METAL DOOR FRAMESEVEN-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR
OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)
1 NOS.
METAL GATE FRAMEBARRICADE COLLAPSIBLE GATE
OLD WING RIGHT (FIRST. FLR.)
1 NOS.
1 NOS.
SIXTEEN-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOORMETAL DOOR FRAME
OLD WING FRONT (GRD. FLR.)
METAL DOOR FRAME
OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)
METAL DOOR FRAME
OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.) OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)
METAL DOOR FRAMESEVEN-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR THREE-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR
Fold
Fold
50
Out
In
2415
2315
100
2861376100 5
Fold 50
Out
In
2580
9724
82
113097 308 97308
Fold
50
Out
In2415
2284
100
100 364 52777
Fold
50
Out
In
TYPE
TYPE
LOCATION
QUANTITY
LOCATION
QUANTITY 1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.
97
404 17 18
100
2531
18
50
100 364 52777 50
2861376100 4
25
565
97 308 30850
2858
364
3440400360
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
GC - MD - DD - 26 26
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50
DMZ-
CONCRETE FRAMED TIMBER LOUVERED PANELS
OLD WING DINING AREA (FIRST. FLR.)
TIMBER WINDOW
NEW WING FRONT DINING AREA (GRD. FLR.)
1 NOS. 1 NOS.
75 7510401190 150
CONCRETE FRAMED TIMBER LOUVERED PANELS WITH GLASS WINDOW
OLD WING DINING AREA (FIRST. FLR.)
3 NOS.
118977 1035 77
115
58
BLUE PAINTED TIMBER GRILL WINDOW
OLD WING STORAGE ROOM (FIRST. FLR.)
1 NOS.
113070 120
25 1304045
TYPE TYPE
LOCATION
QUANTITY
LOCATION
QUANTITY
TYPE TYPE
LOCATION
QUANTITY
LOCATION
QUANTITY
75 7510401190 150
1130
70
120
25
130
4045
118977 1035 77
115
58
1600443 623 115
130
50
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY
MAN KIT, CHIAO ER, HAZEL
27GC - MD - WD - 27
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50CHIAO ER, HAZELDMZ-
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 28GC - MD - SD - 28
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 50MAN KITDMZ-
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 29GC - MD - AWD - 29
DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY:
30
06 / 03 / 20161 : 100J.H TAYDMZ-
TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 30GC - MD - ISO- 30