e Perez, Antonio. 1993. Nueva ley sobre los habitantes de laIsla de Pascua. Revista Espanola del Pacifico 3 (Enero­Diciembre): 71-74. Ediciones Polifemo, Madrid.

e Pouesi, Daniel and Michael Igoe. 1994. The Stone Maidenand Other Samoan Fables. Kin Publications, 558 E. DoubleStreet, Carson, CA 90745. ISBN 0-9644426-0-4. Price inUS: $10. Outside US $12. Illustrations by Michael Evanston.Paperback, 44 pages. Eighteen Samoan fables are told in thischarmingly illustrated book.

eRevista Espanola del Pacifico. 1993. No.3, January­December. This issue contains three works on Rapa Nui:"Interpretacion Rapa Nui de los numerales escritos por losespaiioles in 1770" by Francisco Mellen; "Poblacion indigenay medio ambiente. Isla de Pascua" by Alberto HOlus; and"Nueva ley sobre los habitantes de la Isla de Pascua" byAntonio Perez.

e Rjabchikov, Sergei V. 1994. The Mysteries of EasterIsland [in Russian, Tayny ostrova Paskhi], Vol.3. Krasondar:Ecoinvest.

• Skjelsvold, Arne, ed. 1994. Archeological Investigationsat Anakena, Easter Island. The Kon-Tiki MuseumOccasional Papers 3, Oslo. Paper cover, 216 pages, maps,graphs, and black/white photographs. Large fold-out map inback. No index. [See review of this publication on page 30­31J

eTahiti Pacifique, 1994. In French, current affairs andeconomic information concerning Tahiti and French Pacificislands. Address: BP 368 Moorea, French Polynesia.

eVan Tilburg, Jo Anne. 1995. Moving the Moai.Archaeology 48(1):34-43.

Report of the Meeting of the Sophoratoromiro Management Group

19-20th October 1994

University ofBonn Botanical Garden

A Collaborative Workshop: University of Bonn, BotanicalGarden; Gothenburg Botanical Garden; Palmengarten,Frankfurt; CONAF, Chile; National Museum of NaturalHistory, Paris; Jardin Exotique, Menton; and Royal BotanicGarden, Kew.Compiled by Mike Maunder and members of theManagement Group; Document produced by theConservation Unit, Living Collections Department, RoyalBotanic Gardens, Kew. Sponsored by the Friends of theRoyal Botanical Gardens, Kew.Executive summary and recommendations

Sophora toromiro once formed part of the natural

Rapa Nui Journal 36

vegetation of the Pacific island, Easter Island (Rapa Nui) Asustained history of habitat destruction has resulted in the lossof the island's original scrub forest and has ultimately lead tothe extinction of this species in the wild. The first Europeannavigators noted the toromiro, recording areas; "covered witha shrubbery of the Mimosa... to the height of 8 or 9 feet".However, following the introduction of domestic livestock,those surviving clumps were rapidly destroyed by browsing.The last surviving individual tree was recorded by Skottsbergin 1917 located in the crater Rano Kau. This tree surviveduntil 1962. The only plants that can be confirmed as genuineSophora toromiro are descended from this single founder andsurvive in cultivation within European botanic gardens.

The Toromiro Management Group (TMG) is a group ofcollaborating agencies committed to the conservation ofSophora toromiro and to the recovery of this species andassociated island habitats within the ecology and culture ofEaster Island. This can only be achieved by the co-operativemanagement of the surviving toromiro plants, and by directlylinking the European ex situ collection holders withconservation authorities in Chile and Easter Island

The following recommendations were agreed upon by thegroup and represent a summary of the discussions:

Documentation and Verification1. TMG to initiate and vigorously pursue an active

programme locating all available toromiro plants.2. All located stock will be taxonomically verified, genetic

status assessed. Appropriate material to be incorporatedwithin a co-operative conservation plan that ensures nonet loss of unique genotypes.

3. All stock, incorporated within the recovery plan for thetoromiro will be allocated a unique stock number, co­ordinated by a central co-ordinating secretariat. This willoperate in parallel to the existing numbering systemoperated by Bonn and Gothenburg.

4. After taxonomic and genetic verification a number ofcore collections will be established, with the objective ofmaintaimng duplicate sets of all available founderindividuals. Priority will be given to supporting theestablishment of core collections in Chile and EasterIsland.Re-introduction and Habitat Restoration

5. TMG supports the development of long term plans forthe restoration of degraded habitats and the re­introduction of the toromiro into Easter Island.Recognising that the long term future of the toromiro onEaster Island is dependent upon an integrated approachto the conservation and management of the island'snatural resources.

6. TMG endorses the continuing development of theexisting Rapa Nui National Park and endangered speciesmanagement programmes. TMG will co-ordinate onbehalf of CONAF the repatriation of toromiros on EasterIsland in 1995 as an experimental re-introduction,utilising plants from Bonn and Gothenburg. This wiilaim to identify the limiting factors that will impact uponthe planned re-introduction. Proposed sites are

Vol 9 (1) March 1995

identified.Horticultural Procedure and Facilities

7. TMG recognises the urgent need for a nursery facility tosustain, through propagation and applied conservationresearch, the conservation of the both the toromiro andEaster Island's other unique resources includingthreatened indigenous species and cultivars.

8. TM will provide technical and horticultural expertise tosupport horticultural operations in Chile and EasterIsland, for instance through training and thesupply/exchange of scientific and horticultural protocols.

9. The toromiro cannot be regarded as secure in cultivation,collections are showing too high a turnover of specimens.Horticultural and propagation protocols to be developed,particularly focusing upon pest and disease management,transport of plants and in vitro techniques.

10. In advance of the results from genetic assessments,priority to be given to the collection of cuttings andherbarium specimens from all putative toromiros incultivation in Chile.Plants from Bonn and Gothenburg will be supplied to theJardin Exotique, Menton, south of France, with the aimof establishing a trial plantation to assess the practicalityof establishing an open air core collection within aMediterranean garden.Public Education

II. TMG will support, through the provision oftaxonomic and conservation information, the proposedexhibition on the conservation of the toromiro. The displaydesigned by the Museum Nacional d'Histoire Naturelle deParis will be displayed in the Museum on Easter Island.Public education on Easter Island is recognised as offundamental importance.

Sophora toromiro (Phillipi) Skottsb., of Easter Island,--are you growing this plant?

This survey, initiated by the botanical gardens of Bonn,Frankfurt, Goteborg and Kew, aims to ascertain the numbers ofSophora toromiro in cultivation. This species is extinct in thewild but still exists in cultivation. Its future depends upon a co­ordinated conservation strategy involving genetic analysis ofexisting plants, sound demographic and horticulturalmanagement, and eventual re-introduction to Easter Island. Thisproject is being undertaken in collaboration with CONAF, Chile.

The genetic base for this species is believed to be very narrow;it is vital that wild origin plants are located and allowed tocontribute to the tree's conservation. We aim to register,document and verify all existing specimens in cultivation.Your participation is gratefully appreciated

If you have the species within your collection, or you know ofany specimen cultivated elsewhere (e.g. in a private garden)please include information below and contact:Toromiro Management Group, % Conservation Unit, RoyalBotanic Gardens, Kew; Richmond, Surrey TW93AB, UnitedKingdom.

Please include name, address; source of plants (origin,

Rapa Nui Journal 37

EASTER ISLANDArchaeology, Ecology, and CultureJo Anne Van Tilburg EASTER ISLANDForeword by John Mack ,","1,",";', , .. ,'"',, ""'.U ru"

"This book presents in anaccessible and balancedway the results of morerecent re-evaluation [ofEaster Island prehistOry].And the realities thatemerge are every bit asarresting as the 'mysteries'they succeed."-JohnMack, Keeper of Ethnog­raphy, British Museum

Wrirren after more than a dozen years of measuring,dtawing, mapping, and photOgraphing Easter Island's nearlyone thousand known statues, this book takes a definitive steptoward unraveling the mystery of Easter Island and itsgigantic maai. Drawing on insighrs gained into sculpturaltechniques, design arrributes, and formal variation, Jo AnneVan Tilburg examines Rapa Nui prehistory in the context ofnew understandings of ecology and culture. She confrontsisland myth and folklore with archaeological evidence,debunking the legendary conflict between the Long Ears andthe Shorr Ears and examining the iconography and cosmol­ogy of the birdman cult. The latest methods of sraristicalanalysis and computer imaging and robotics programs arebrought to bear on the perplexing question of statue transport.30 color, 67 b&w phowgraphs, 60 line drawings 192 pp.C1oth:I-56098-510-0H $45.00

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESSp.o. Box 960 • Herndon, VA 22070-0960 • 800/782-4612

The following Editorial Comment is by Dr. FrankBock, San Miguel, California:

"Here we go again!"

This quotation, made so famous by former U.S. PresidentRonald Reagan, is equally applicable today, if the story fromSantiago, Chile is indeed valid. It seems that the world willonce again be treated to a 'Maritime Adventure' whenSpanish explorer Kittin Munoz sets sail with a crew of tennext October. Their quest: to navigate the seas of Oceania fora year in order to substantiate Thor Heyerdahl's nearly H:fty­year old theory that Easter Island, and also Polynesia, werefirst settled by South Americans.

However, Munoz will not follow in Heyerdahl's wake, butrather will launch from Rapa Nui itself, thus establishing inhis own mind that his launching site had already been foundby Peruvians, and that from here they pushed on to the rest ofthe Pacific.

This latest endeavor has the ring of myth that only

Vol 9 (1) March 1995