Report on Foreign Direct Investment in Colombia
The figures to December 2010 showing details by target sector and country of origin are a source of the Banco de la Republica's Balance of Payments,
which includes influxes of currency, profit reinvestment and capital payments other than foreign currencies.
The figures to May 2011 are from the Banco de la Republica's Foreign Currency Balance and exclusively measure influxes of currencies from abroad.
May 2011
OVERVIEW OF FDI BEHAVIOR IN 2010
Following the financial crisis, capital inflows to emerging economies went througha generalized increase as a result of the international liquidity originated by theexpense expansion policies of developed countries.
In addition, the increase in the international prices of raw materials has madedirect investment more attractive in the countries that produce thesecommodities, such as the case of Colombia, in which 7% of all the region's capitalinflow was concentrated in 2010.
Although the FDI in Colombia reached US$6.760 m in 2010 (5% less than in2009), it was above the historic average of the decade, driven mainly by the highinternational prices of minerals and petroleum; these two sectors concentrated67% of the net positive revenue reported by Colombia over the last year.
Considering all the other sectors, financial activity received 13% of the totalinflows received by the country in 2010, followed by manufacturing activities at8% and trade with 6% of the total.
2.134 1.720
3.016
10.252
6.656
9.049
10.596
7.137 6.760
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
FDI INFLOWS INTO COLOMBIA (2002 – 2010) US$ MILLIONS
Source: Balance of Payments, Banco de la República
Between
2009 and
2010, FDI in
Colombia
dropped
5.3%
Petroleum Sector 9%
Mines and Quarries,
28%
Financial Establishments;
13%
Manufacturing; 8%
Com., Rest. and Hoteles; 6%
Construction, 4%
Ss Comunales, 1%
Agricul., Hunting,
Forestry and Fishing; 1% Elect., Nat. Gas
and Water; 0%
FDI INFLOW MAIN SECTORS
SHARE % TO 2010*
In 2010, the mining and
petroleum sectors
accounted for 67% of
the total investment,
followed by financial
establishments with
13% and
Manufacturing with
8%.*
*Share of all sectors with positive net investment excluding petroleum and mining: USD $2,432.1 **Share of all sectors with positive net investment USD $8,114.6 Million
Source: Balance of Payments, Banco de la Republica. Proexport calculations
348
-977
28
88
262
594
621
720
3.025
2.428
-589
35
52
99
262
446
594
945
2.055
2.862
Agricultura, Caza, Silvicultura y Pesca
Servicios Comunales
Construcción
Comercio, Restaurantes y Hoteles
Manufactureras
Establecimientos Financieros
Minas y Cantanteras
Sector Petrolero
2010
2009
Petroleum
Mining and Quarries
Financial establishments
Manufacturing
Commerce, restaurants and hotels
Construction
Public Services
Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing
Electricity, Water and GasElectricity, Water and Gas
FDI INFLOW MAIN SECTORS2009 – 2010 USD MILLIONS
NOTE: Sectors arranged by FDI amounts to 2010
Source: Balance of Payments, Banco de la República. Proexport calculations
SECTOR % Var.
2009 - 2010
Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing
86.4%
Financial Establishments 31.2%
Petroleum 17.9%
Public Services 12.1%
Construction 0.2%
Manufacturing -4.4%
Commerce, restaurants and hotels -25.0%
Mining and Quarries -32.1%Electricity, Natural Gas and Water -
Transp. Storage and Communications -
TOTAL -5.3%
Although the sectors with the largest share are Petroleum, Mining and Quarries, the
ones with the highest growth were Agriculture and Financial with 86% y 31%
respectively.
Transp., Storage and Commun.
MAIN COUNTRIES INVESTING IN COLOMBIA BETWEEN 1994 AND 2010(%) SHARE IN 2010*
*Total investment of countries with positive net investment excluding reinvested profits and petroleum sector investment (figures excluded from thecountry's investment total and broken down individually). Value 2010: USD $2,235.8 Million
NOTE: The order of the countries has been established according to the largest shares in 2010 of the main countries investing in Colombia as accumulatedfrom 1994 to 2010.
Source: Balance of Payments, Banco de la República
Total FDI 2010: USD $6.760 Million*
Panama 14.5%
Panama; 28%
Anguilla, 20%
Bermudas, 15%
England; 9%
Canada; 7%
Brazil; 2%
Switzerland; 2%
Venezuela, 2%
France; 2%
Cayman Islands; 2%
Others; 12%
Transp., Storage and Commun.
Although in 2010,
approximately 63% of the
Investment came from
countries like Panama,
Anguilla and Bermudas, the
main traditional sources of FDI
were England and Canada.
FDI INFLOW BY COUNTRIES2009 – 2010 USD MILLIONS
203
1.234
-327
65
47
78
386
287
46
337
-623
-241
-18
48
54
163
191
328
455
620
Suiza
Brasil
Canadá
Inglaterra
Bermudas
Anguilla
Panamá
2010
2009
* The order of the countries has been established according to the highest investment flows in 2010 of the main countries investing in Colombia as accumulated from1994 to 2010. Countries like the United States, Spain and Mexico have been included in the Graph because, although they had negative flows in 2010, they aretraditionally important investors to Colombia.
Source: Balance of Payments, Banco de la República
Country% Var.
2009 - 2010Anguilla 899.2%Canada 107.9%
Panama 84.0%Bermuda 14.2%
Brazil 12.9%
Switzerland -27.3%
England -50.4%United States -
Mexico -Spain -TOTAL -5.3%
Spain
Mexico
United States
Canada, Denmark, Ecuador and Ireland reported a growth of more than 100% between 2009
and 2010 as issuers of FDI to Colombia
Panama
Anguilla
Bermuda
England
Canada
Brazil
Switzerland
ANNUAL AVERAGE FDI OF COUNTRIES WITH SALES OFFICES (USD MILLION)
COUNTRYAVERAGE
INVESTMENT 2000-2010
AVERAGE
INVESTMENT2005-2010
DIFFERENCE
Brazil 4.9 7,7 2,8
Venezuela 4,0 (3.7) (7.7)
France 3.1 5,0 1,9
Peru 1,1 0,7 (0.3)
Costa Rica 0.7 1,5 0,9
Ecuador 0.5 0,2 (0.3)
China 0,2 0,8 0,7
India 0,0 0,0 (0.0)
Chile (1.0) (0.1) 0,9
Mexico (2.3) (2.7) (0.4)
United Kingdom (2.3) 58,3 60,6
Germany (8.2) (0.4) 7,7
United States (12.0) (145.7) (133.7)
Spain (47.9) (22.6) 25,3
Canada (50.1) 25,9 76,0
Countries like Canada and the United Kingdom have shown a significant upward trend in their
investments in Colombia over the last 5 years
Source: Balance of Payments, Banco de la República, Proexport Calculations
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT MEASURED BY THE DOMESTIC FOREIGN CURRENCY BALANCE*ACCUMULATED JANUARY –JUN 04, 2010-2011USD MILLIONS
Source: Foreign Currency Balance. Banco de la República. *The Domestic Foreign Currency Balance for FDI measures currency movements from abroad, whereas the Balance of Payments does not include other forms of FDI such as reinvested profits and non-currency foreign capital contributions.
88%
12%10%
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2010 2011
461
866
3,364
5,117
Otros Sectores Petróleo y Minería
Total FDI: 3,684
86%87%
88%
Other Sectors Petroleum and Mining
88%
14%
2010-2011 GROWTH
Total FDI 56%
Petroleum 52%
Others 88%
12%
Total FDI: 5,752
MAIN CASES OF INVESTMENT 2010:Communications and Information Technology Services
12 2
1
1
2
1
2
12
1T 2T 3T 4T
Number of projects Subsectors - 2010
BPO Comunicaciones
RRHH Ingenieria
Engineering
BPO
HR
Communications
Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4
The South Korean airport operator Korea Airports Corporation
invested USD $60.9 million in the operation and administration of fiveairport terminals in Colombia. (La República, November 04, 2010).
(BPO&O)
Chilean communications company DeVeTel came to Colombia to offerits services in the country's mobile telephony sector. (La República,December 02, 2010).
(Communications)
The Canadian company of services and products for oil and miningdevelopment Estrella International Services acquired Colombian firm
STS Andes, specialized in cargo transport in the hydrocarbon sector
for USD $20 million. (Portafolio, November 04, 2010)
(Engineering, Mining and Petroleum Services)
The US multinational company that manufactures and sells ITproducts, IBM invested USD $8 million in the construction of a newdata center in Colombia. (Portafolio, August 12, 2010).
(Software)
In 2010, thirteen cases of investment, four greenfield and seven reinvestments were
detected
Source: Cases collected from stories published in major national and international media sources
US asset management and AVL solutions company,Lender Systems, invested US $0.03 million in thecreation of the firm Intellitech, which will specialize inloan portfolio management in Colombia. (La República,April 12, 2010).
(Other financial services)
US conglomerate of financial services Citigroup opened anew service center in the city of Bogotá D.C. (Portafolio,August 06, 2010).
(Banking system)
US conglomerate of financial services Citigroup acquired 31.9% of Colombian company Transportadora de Gas Internacional for USD $400 million through its
subsidiary, Citi Venture Capital. (Portafolio, December
20, 2010)
(Investment Banking)
In 2010, four cases of investment were detected, two of which were acquisitions, one
greenfield and one reinvestment.
Source: Cases collected from stories published in major national and international media sources
MAIN CASES OF INVESTMENT 2010:Financial Services
1 1
1
1
1T 2T 3T 4T
Number of projectsSubsectors - 2010
Otros servicios bancarios
Sistema bancario
Banca de inversión
Banking system
Investment banking
Oder financial services
Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4
Chilean absorbent paper manufacturer CMPC invested US$74 million in opening a plant in Gachancipá,Cundinamarca. (Portafolio, July 09, 2010).
(Absorbents)
US cosmetics and perfume company Avon invested USD$50 million in a distribution center in the town of Guame,Antioquia. (Dinero, June 03, 2010).
(Cosmetics)
Peruvian cosmetics and perfume company Yanbal invested USD $25 million in a distribution center in the town of Tenjo, Cundinamarca. (La República, July 29, 2010).
(Cosmetics)
US multinational personal hygiene product manufacturerProctor&Gamble invested USD $25 million in theconstruction of a distribution center in Rionegro,Antioquia. (La República, May 27, 2010).
(Personal hygiene)
During the period from April to September 2010 four cases of investment were detected
in Cosmetics and Hygiene Products, which were all reinvestments
Source: Cases collected from stories published in major national and international media sources
MAIN CASES OF INVESTMENT 2010:Cosmetics and Hygiene Products
1
1
1
1
1T 2T 3T 4T
Number of projectsSubsectors - 2010
Aseo Personal
Cosméticos
Absorbentes
Personal hygiene
Cosmetics
Q 2 Q 3 Q 4
Absorbents
Q 1
MAIN CASES OF INVESTMENT 2010:Tourism
US hotel chain Marriott International opened a new hotelin the financial district of Bogotá D.C. under its brand JWMarriott. (La República, June 23, 2010).
(Tourism Infrastructure)
US hotel chain Starwood Hotels and Resorts invested
about USD $62.5 million on opening new hotels inColombia. (La República, June 23, 2010).
(Tourism Infrastructure)
French hotel and travel agencies group Accor investedapproximately USD $62.5 in positioning its brands in LatinAmerica, among which Colombia was one of the topcountries. (FDI Markets, March 2010).
(Tourism Infrastructure)
Source: Cases collected from stories published in major national and international media sources
23
4
1T 2T 3T 4T
Number of projectsSubsectors - 2010
Infraestructura de TurismoTourism Infrastructure
In 2010, there was a rise in the investment in hotel infrastructure. The first nine months of the year
showed increases. Almost all these cases are Greenfield.
Spanish pizzeria chain Telepizza acquired 80% of theColombian company Jeno's Pizza. (Portafolio, June 01, 2010).
(Processed Foods)
Italian dairy product manufacturer Parmalat investedUSD $3.2 million in adapting its plant in Chia,Cundinamarca. (Portafolio, March 07, 2011).
(Processed Foods)
During the first half of 2010, two cases of investment were observed in the agro-
industry sector, specifically in Processed Foods
Italian car manufacturer Fiat invested USD $15 millionon opening a new point of sale in the city of BogotáD.C. (Portafolio, April 09, 2010).
(Sales)
Swedish car manufacturer Volvo opened a new showcase in the city of Bogotá D.C. (Portafolio, March 07, 2010).
(Sales)
During Q2 2010 two cases of reinvestment were detected in the automotive sector, specifically in the sale of vehicles in the
Colombian capital
Source: Cases collected from stories published in major national and international media sources
MAIN CASES OF INVESTMENT 2010:Agro-industry/Automotive
AGRO-INDUSTRY
AUTOMOTIVE
CONCLUSIONS
Although the Petroleum and Mining sectors still have the highest share in FDI, the Agriculturaland Financial sectors showed relevant increases.
The United Kingdom and Canada are listed as the main sources of investment in Colombia inthe year 2010, as well as those with the highest growth rate over the last 5 years.
The ICT sector went on from two investment projects in Q1 of the year to six in the lastquarter, for a total of 15 for the entire year.
There were nine cases of investment during the year 2010 in the Hotel sector.
The Financial and Cosmetics sectors each presented 4 investment projects throughout 2010.
The Agro-industry and Automotive sectors each presented two cases of investmentthroughout 2010.