GREEN ROAD TECHNOLOGY

Prepared By:

Sanjay Kumar Sarda

Reg.no.:20110162

Civil Department

Sikkim Manipal Instute of Technology

What is Green Road?

• A Green Road is a roadway constructed as per a relatively new

concept for roadway design that integrates transportation

functionality and ecological sustainability.

• Green Road will benefit transportation, the ecosystem, urban

growth, public health and surrounding communities.

• Green Road helps us dramatically cut costs by delivering sustained

improvements in safety, fuel efficiency, and emissions reductions

across our vehicle fleet.

Objective of the study

• The objective is to plan a road network that reduces pollution (i.e.

air, water and noise), congestion, increases free flow traffic,

minimise accident rate, diminish vibration caused due to contact

between vehicle tyres and road surfaces, reduces environmental

disaster and promote sustainable development.

• The focus is to explore technologies for the construction of future

road which is eco-friendly both qualitatively and quantitatively.

GREEN ROAD TECHNOLOGY

• NOISE POLLUTION REDUCTION.

• WATER POLLUTION REDUCTION.

• AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION.

• ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION.

• OTHER ALTERNATIVES.

NOISE POLLUTION REDUCTION

• SOUND BARRIER.

• TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.

• THIRD GENERATION SILENT ROAD SURFACINGS.

• SILENT CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENTS.

• ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE.

• GAS FLOW NOISE.

SOUND BARRIER

Fig- Noise barrier (1.Reflective and 2.Absorptive surface)

THIRD GENERATION SILENT ROAD

SURFACINGS

Fig: Resonators on the bedding layer of a road being covered with porous asphalt.

• Porous asphalts have void contents which makes the road surface

sound absorbing so that parts of the sound emitted by the tire-

road contact is killed out right there where it is produced.

• However, the absorbing characteristics of porous road surfaces

cannot be fitted very well to the sound of the tire-road contact.

Buried resonators can now be used as an additional absorber

being tuned to the frequency range.

• By combining porous asphalt layers with buried resonators we

can improve the noise reduction capability of a road by about 3

dB.

• The invisible character of the resonators means that there is no

extra space necessary for the installation.

SILENT CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENTS

• It consist of two layers. The bottom layer determines the

construction’s stiffness and durability. In this bottom layer 25% to

100% recycled granulate is used as a replacement of pebbles.

• The upper layer determines the acoustical behaviour and is about

10mm thick. This layer is made of colour resistive stone added by an

inorganical pigment.

Fig: Photo of the noise reducing top layer of a silent block pavement

ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE

• Benefits of battery operated electric motor vehicles is without the

internal combustion engine, electric cars have the potential to be

quieter and noise pollution is much less.

GAS FLOW NOISE

• A reduction of intake and exhaust noise can in general be achieved by

using silencers.

WATER POLLUTION REDUCTION.

• BIORETENTION CELL.

• TREE BOX.

• PERMEABLE PAVEMENT.

• GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVES STORMWATER

MANAGEMENT AND REDUCES COST.

BIORETENTION CELLS (RAIN GARDENS)

• Bioretention cells are shallow landscaped depressions that utilize

soil and both woody and herbaceous plants to remove pollutants and

infiltrate storm water runoff.

• Within 24 hours of a rain event, a properly designed bioretention cell

should be fully drained and no standing water should be seen.

• Bioretention cells can be used in road, parking lots and residential

areas where soils don’t adequately percolate.

Fig:- Bioretention Cells

TREE BOXES (PLANTER)

• Similar to rain gardens, tree boxes utilize soil, gravel, and plants to

infiltrate and filter storm-water runoff from impervious surfaces.

• Planter boxes are typically smaller than rain gardens and are used in

sidewalks, roadways and within parking lots.

Fig: Tree box in Parking Lot Island.

PERMEABLE PAVEMENT

• Pervious pavement allows water to infiltrate into layers of rockplaced below the pavement and then into surrounding soils.

• The movement of water through the rock and soil helps filter outpollutants, maintain stable stream flows and can reduce floodpotential.

• Types of permeable pavement include pervious concrete, porousasphalt, interlocking concrete pavers, etc.

Fig-Permeable

Pavement System

AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION

• ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLES.

• ALTERNATIVE FUELS.

• CATALYTIC CONVERTER.

• HYBRID VEHICLE.

• ALGAE BOIDIESEL.

• HIGH OIL PRICE.

ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLES

• Electric vehicles run on electricity generated from batteries do not

emit air pollutants. Therefore, these vehicles are termed ‘zero

emission vehicles’.

• Within city, since most people drive vehicles less than 40 miles per

day, electric cars are certainly practical for moving within a city.

• Electric cars are more efficient than petrol driven vehicles in terms of

performance per unit amount of money and yield better air quality.

• Without the internal combustion engine, electric cars have the

potential to be quieter. So, noise pollution is much less.

CATALYTIC CONVERTER (CAT)

• The Cat is a device fitted in the exhaust system. It treats the

exhaust before it leaves the car and removes a lot of the pollution.

• The use of Cat leads to a dramatic reduction in the emissions of

CO, HC and NOx. The efficiency of a Cat can be as high as 90%.

• The Cat works by filtering the exhaust gases through an internal

honeycomb section known as a Monolith or a Catalyst.

Fig: Schematic of aCatalytic Converter.

HYBRID VEHICLE

• A hybrid vehicle uses two distinct power sources to move the

vehicle, which combine an internal combustion engine and electric

motors.

• Noise emissions are greatly reduced, particularly at idling and low

operating speeds.

• Recapturing significant amounts of energy during braking that are

normally wasted as heat.

Fig: Hybrid vehicle

ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR ROAD

CONSTRUCTION

• SLAG CEMENT.

• FLY ASH.

• MECHANICAL CONCRETE.

• WASTES USED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION.

• ROADBOND.

SLAG CEMENT

• Slag is a by-product of processing iron ore to iron in a blast furnace.

It reduces thermal stress in mass concrete by reducing the amount of

Portland cement. Increasing strength and durability.

Advantages:

• Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by eliminating approximately

one ton of carbon dioxide for each ton of Portland cement replaced.

• Reducing the amount of virgin material extracted to make concrete.

• Reducing permeability - when slag cement substituted in 25% to

65%, it plays a vital role in reducing permeability in concrete. Thus

corrosion resistance will increase.

Disadvantages:

• Strength gain is slow.

FLY ASH

• Fly ash is the residue generated in combustion, and comprises the fine

particles that rise with the flue gases.

• In the past, fly ash was generally released into the atmosphere, but

pollution control equipment mandated in recent decades that it should

be captured prior to release.

Advantages:

• Saving of space for disposal.

• Saving of scare of natural resources.

• Partly replace cement, so reduces carbon dioxide emissions.

• Improved long term strength and durability performance.

• Workability is increased.

MECHANICAL CONCRETE

Fig: A Mechanical Concrete cell: a tire-derived

cylinder filled with aggregate.

• It is built with cylindrical tension bands created from used auto tires

from which both sidewalls have been removed. These tire-derived

cylinders are placed side-by-side on the ground covering the footprint

of a road’s foundation, and nailed together into a grid.

• When appropriately sized stone aggregate is poured into the cylinders,

the stones tightly lock together and behave as a solid, immovable

mass.

• Each year, the US generates about 300 million waste auto tires-

roughly one tire per person per year. Currently, about 89% of used

scrap tires are recycled in some form. Still, some 128 million waste

tires are stacked high in unhealthy and dangerous piles across the

nation.

• It is inert and poses no negative environmental threat. Reusing tires

delivers greater environmental benefit than recycling tires.

WASTES USED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION

• The littered plastics get mixed with domestic waste and make the

disposal of municipal solid waste difficult. The municipal solid waste

is either incinerated or land filled. Both disposal methods are not the

best ways to dispose the waste and it causes both land and air

pollution.

• The innovative technique to use the waste plastics is by the

construction of asphalt pavement. This process is eco-friendly and can

promote value addition to the waste plastic.

• For a distance of 1 km single lane plastic bitumen road, a minimum of

1 ton of waste plastics is used. This accounts for a reduction of carbon

dioxide to a tune of 3 tons.

Advantages:

• Avoid the use of anti-stripping agents.

• Generate jobs for rag pickers.

OTHER ALTERNATIVES

• WILDLIFE CROSSINGS.

• CAR SHARING.

• CAR CLUBS.

• AUTOMATED PARKING SYSTEM.

• ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.

• RAMP METERING.

WILDLIFE CROSSINGS

• Wildlife crossings allows animals to safely cross human-made

barriers such as roads, are intended not only to reduce road-kill, but

ideally to provide connectivity of habitat areas. It includes: tunnels,

viaducts, and overpasses.

• Wildlife crossings are a practice in habitat conservation, allowing

connections or reconnections between habitats. They also assist in

avoiding collisions between vehicles and animals.

Fig. Wildlife crossings.

CAR CLUBS• Car clubs work by giving member’s access to a car on a short-term rental

basis, and charging by the hour or the day.

• Car clubs can provide a great alternative to car ownership as you get all the

convenience of a car without any of the hassle.

• No road tax or fuel to pay, or car servicing to worry about – all you pay for

is membership and car hire. You’ll be dramatically reducing your impact on

the environment.

• One car club car replaces over 20 private cars, helping to reduce traffic jams

and free up parking spaces.

CAR SHARING• Car-sharing (also called lift-sharing, ride-sharing and car-pooling) is when

two or more people share a car and travel together.

• You can benefit from the convenience of the car, whilst reducing the costs

and the numbers of one-person cars on the road, which can help reduce

pollution and congestion.

CONCLUSION• One of the good way of constructing green road is it should be made

with three layers, the bottom layer should be made up of waste plasticwhich we get from sewage treatment plant or from any other sourcewhich is of no use, the middle layer should be made of resonatorswhich helps in absorbing sound and vibrations and the top layer maybe made up of slag cement, fly ash, porous asphalt, etc. The aboveroad construction method is applied for roads passing throughresidential areas or inner cities.

• For out of city, road should made of mechanical concrete.

• If the road passes through forest area wildlife crossing must beprovided.

• For traffic flow control--ramp metering, active traffic managementand the car clubs method should be adopted.

• For stormwater runoff control bioretention cell should be provided inmedian with under-drains and tree boxes can also be provided.

• If road is to be constructed in rainy areas, permeable pavementsshould be used.

Thank you