Reporting Madness Love

8/6/2019 Reporting Madness Love

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Interpersonal Attraction andIntimate Relationships

*Adapted from the Sage Handbook of Social Psychology Chap 10 by Julie Fitness, Garth Fletcherand Nikola Overall

By: Denise Soller, MA I/O Psy


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Subject History Overview More studies is based on interpersonal

attraction

Relatively new 30 years or so focus movedto the development, maintenance anddissolution of romantic relationships

Three major developments:

1. Social Cognition and Emotions

2. Attachment Processes

3. Evolutionary Psychology


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INTERPERSONAL

ATTRACTION


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What attracts you to anotherperson?


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Interpersonal Attraction Interpersonal attraction is the

attractionbetween people which leads tofriendships

and romantic relationships.

What attracts?

A function of socially shared

norms, along with preferredcharacteristics derived from

peoples learning histories.


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Factors in Attraction Familiarity

Safety or Goodness

Proximity

Mere-Exposure Effect

Reciprocity I like her because she likes me

Reward Theory Liking those whose behavior is rewarding or who are

associated with rewarding situations

Attitude Similarity more attracted to people who hold similar attitudes

to our own than dissimilar others


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Factors in Attraction Physical Attractiveness

Pleasantly looking = more likely to be nice

Facial Symmetry Good Genes

Body Shape

Voices

Style or Fashion Sense

Smell


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MATE

SELECTION


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Factors in Selection Familiarity

Reciprocity

What do we want from ourmates?

Men Women

KindnessLoyaltyEmotionalStabilityYouthfulnessSex

KindnessLoyaltyEmotionalStabilityStatusEducationEarning Potential

Ambition


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Types of Love Limerence/Passionate Love

intense longing for the person

physiological arousal

much more emotionally volatile

Motivate sexual activity


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Types of Love

Companionate Love feelings of mutual respect

and trust

less emotionally volatile Establish firm emotional

bond between the partners

that will motivate them toremain together


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Types of Love Sternbergs Tripartite Theory of Love

passion: motivational component

intimacy: emotional component

commitment: cognitive component


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P

C

I

nonlove


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P

C

I

liking


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P

C

I

infatuation


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P

C

I

empty love


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P

C

I

romantic love


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P

C

I

fatuous love


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P

C

I

companionate love


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P

C

I

consummate love


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Function of Romantic Love The 3 Basic Behavioral Systems that Bond

Couples Together (Shaver)

I LOVE YOU CAN MEAN:

1. Love as Attachment

2. Love as Caregiving

3. Love as Sexual Attraction


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RELATIONSHIP

COGNITION


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The Intimate Relationship Mind Model

Eliciting EventsThe Relationship

Mind Outcomes

During Interaction- Cognition/Emotion

- Behavior/Event

Outside Interaction

- Cognition/Emotion

- Behavior/Event

General SocialTheories

GeneralRelationship

Theories

LocalRelationship

Theories

Unconscious/Automatic

Processing

Conscious/ControlledProcessing

CognitionsEmotionsBehavior

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8


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Stored Relationship Theories

People hold a variety of rules and beliefs thatapply generally to both intimate and non-intimate relationships.Attribution Theory

Stable, Global and Internal Positive/Negative Implications for theRelationship Central Tenet: People have a basic need to sift out

and maintain judgements of the dispositional andstable properties of the world.

Includes constructs such as beliefs, expectations and

ideal standards that concern hypothetical relationships orbeliefs about relationships in general. More content-loaded Intimate relationship-specific Generally goes across different cultures and ethics

Attachment Working Models (Bowlby) internal cognitive representations that summarizeones previous attachment experiencesSecure vs. AvoidantAmbivalent vs. Anxious

Attachment Working Models (Bartholomew) Positive vs. Negative of Self vs. Others1. Secure2. Preoccupied3. Dismissing4. Fearful

Theories that are developed from the time thattwo individuals meet regarding each other andthe relationship Becomes more complex and integrated as therelationship matures Kinds of Judgements that gets involved personality, relationship-level and interactionsbetween the relationship and outside situations. Becomes entwined with self theories.


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General Social Theories

Fred gives Maryflowers

Mary isunhappy withher marriage

Fred is guilty thats

why he gave meflowers

(Unstable, Situational,External)

Situation Factor Outcome

MasungitMary is

unhappy with

her marriage

Fred doesnt love me,

hes insensitive and

hes always hotheaded(Stable, Personality-

based, Internal)


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Functions of Stored RelationshipTheories

People develop relationshiptheories to understand,predict and control theirrelationships.

Relationship QualityJudgements

Communication Difficultiesand Relationship Longevity

Comparison of Local Theoriesto General Theories forrelationship evaluation


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Online Cognitive Processing Does not occur without activating various stored

dispositional constructs that are relevant to therelationship

Triggered by any even outside/inside therelationship

Unconscious/Automatic Processing Fast, effortless, not readily verbalizable and

undemanding of cognitive capacity

Conscious/Controlled Processing Slow, readily verbalizable and demanding of

cognitive capacity


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EMOTION IN

INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS


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Gives flowersunexpectedly

Forgets Marys

birthday

Emotion in Relationships Emotion-in-Relationships Model

the greater the number of behavioralinterconnections relationship partners share, themore interdependent they are so when a partnerdoes something unexpected the interruption is

greater.

This is what

good husbands

do

This is NOT

what a lovinghusband does

Physiological Arousal +Positive, partner-

directed emotion

Physiological Arousal +Negative, partner-directed emotion

Interruption Theories/Belief Outcome


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Function of Emotion in Relationships

the frequency and intensity of daily emotionsexperienced in relationships act as a goodbarometer of how close individuals feel totheir partners (Barrett, Robin, Pietromonaco,

& Eyssell, 1998). Experiencing strong and frequent emotions in

a relationship can communicate that one truly

cares about a partner and a relationship(Clark, Fitness, & Brissette,2001).


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Love has taught us that love does notconsist in gazing at each other, but in

looking outward together in thesame direction.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

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Reporting Madness Love

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