DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 451 834 JC 010 264
AUTHOR King, James R.TITLE Directions of the New Economy: California's Regional
Employment Trends, 1991-1997.INSTITUTION California Community Colleges, Sacramento. Economic
Development Coordination Network (EDNet).; CaliforniaCommunity Colleges, Sacramento. Office of the Chancellor.
PUB DATE 2000-10-00NOTE 27p.
PUB TYPE Reports Research (143)EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Agriculture; *Community Colleges; Economics; *Education Work
Relationship; Employers; *Employment Patterns; EmploymentStatistics; *Labor Economics; Manufacturing Industry;Services; Two Year Colleges
IDENTIFIERS *California Community Colleges
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this report is to provide California
community colleges with a statistical description of regional employmenttrends between 1991 and 1997. These trends are presented by one-, two-, andthree-digit Standard Industrial Classification Codes (SIC) for each of thenine regions of the state: (1) the Bay Area; (2) the Central Coast; (3) the
Central Sierra; (4) Northern California; (5) Northern Sacramento Valley; (6)
Greater Sacramento; (7) San Diego; (8) San Joaquin Valley; and (9) SouthernCalifornia. Each chapter contains an overview of employment gains and lossesin the region, employment gains and losses by major industrial group, anddetailed data on the manufacturing and services sectors, and discussescandidates for additional analysis. The data provide a guide for regional andstate decisionmakers as they formulate workforce development policy for thecoming year. Report highlights include: (1) the services sector wasresponsible for 69 percent of the total job growth in the Bay Area, 81percent in Southern California, and 41 percent in the Central Sierra region;(2) retail trade ranked second to services in Northern California, with 2,763new jobs; and (3) agriculture ranked second to services in the Central Coastregion, with 7,742 new jobs. Contains numerous graphs and figures. (JA)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
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U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOffice of Educational Research and Improvement
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1
In order to achievesustainable economicgrowth, meet thedemands of globalcompetition in themodern economy, andimprove the quality oflife for all Californians,California shall have acomprehensiveworkforce developmentsystem of education andworkforce preparationlinked to economicdevelopment that sets thestandard for the nationand the world.
Vision
California Workforce Development:A Policy Framework for Economic CrOwth
O
Acknowledgements, Table of Contents
The data and analyses in Directions of the New Economy are the work
of Applied Development Economics, James R. King, President. Our thanks
go to Mr. King for his thoughtful reporting and his insight in what itmeans for the California Community Colleges.
Direction for this project comes from the Executive Committee of the
Economic Development Program for the California Community Colleges.
Instrumental in the strategic review process for the Economic Development
Program are the
chairpersons for 1998-
2000 and 2000-2002 of the
Executive Committee, Dr.
Peter MacDougall, President
of Santa Barbara City
College, and Dr. Edward
Hernandez, Chancellor of
the Rancho Santiago
Community College District.
Chairing the Strategic Review
Sub Committee in 1998-2000
and 2000-2002 were Dr. Kevin
Ramirez, President of Sierra
College, and Dr. Marchelle Fox,
President of West Valley College.
Other members of our Executive
Committee who have helped us put this
project on track and keep it there even on
short timelines, have been Bruce Grogan,
Deputy Secretary for Economic Development of
the California Trade and Commerce Agency,
Robert Hotchkiss, Deputy Director of the Health
and Human Services Agency, and Dr. Patrick Ainsworth,
Assistant Superintendent of Standards, High School
Division.
At the Chancellor's Office of the California Community
Colleges, Dr.Victoria Morrow, Vice-Chancellor of Educational
Services and Economic Development, Barbara Whitney, Dean
of Economic Development (1998-2000), and Kay Ferrier, current
Dean of Economic Development, provided a strong backbone of
support for the report and leadership for our collaborative agency
relationships.
Our thanks also goes to Dr. Edward Kawahara, Deputy Secretary
for Economic Research and Strategic Initiatives of the California Trade
and Commerce Agency, and Richard Holden, Division Chief, Labor Market
Information Division, Employment Development Department Edward
Kawahara and Richard Holden provided us with direction for the project
from its initialization through completion.
1
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements 1
Introduction and Base Economic Analysis 2
Individual California Regions
Bay Area 4Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco,San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma
Central Coast 6
Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara
Central Sierra 8
Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, Inyo, Mariposa, Mono, Tuolumne
Northern California 10
Del Norte, Humboldt, Lassen, Mendocino, Modoc,Plumas, Sierra, Siskiyou, Trinity
Northern Sacramento Valley 12
Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Shasta, Tehama
Greater Sacramento 14
El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, Sutter, Yolo, Yuba
San Diego 16
Imperial, San Diego
San Joaquin Valley . 18
Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, San Joaquin,Stanislaus, Tulare
Southern California . . 20
Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Ventura
Recommendations for California'sCommunity Colleges 22
0
Introduction and Economic Base Analysis
"First, every industry emphasized that skill-setsimprovement through education and workforcetraining is its top priority. Job opportunitiesand changing skill-sets need to drive job trainingprograms.
Collaborating to Compete in the New Economy,Economic Strategy Panel of the California Trade andCommerce Agency, 1996.
11
IntroductionDirections of the New Economy is sponsored by the Economic
Development Program of the California Community Colleges. It is designed
to follow the thinking of the Economic Strategy Panel of the California
Trade and Commerce Agency. Planning for investment in regional workforce
and economic development efforts is an activity that involves manyentities and organizations. Several agencies collaborate with the
Community Colleges in direction setting for program planning, among
them the California Trade and Commerce Agency, the Health and Human
Services Agency, and the Department of Education. In planning for the
best use of economic development resources in the State, these four
agencies are committed to working within a policy framework as
collaborators.
The mission of the Economic Development Program is to advance
California's economic growth and global competitiveness through quality
education and services focusing on continuous work force improvement,
technology deployment, and business development. The Economic
Development Program provides job-related education and services to
businesses and organizations of all sizes, in both public and private
sectors. The Program is also responsible for developing innovative
solutions in identified strategic priority industries that are developingjobs for which technical training curricula are needed by the Colleges.
Technical training programs have substantial start-up time and resource
needs; colleges are thus advantaged by anticipating future needs for our
programs in economic and workforce development.
The Purpose of this report is to provide Community Colleges in each
region of the State with a statistical description of regional employment
trends between 1991 and 1997. These trends are presented by one, two
and three digit Standard Industrial Classification Codes (SIC) for each
of the nine regions of the State. Comparable data for all industries for
each of the counties in the State can be accessed at
http: // commerce. ca. gov /california /economy /index.html
2
This document was produced to provide staff, faculty and administrators
with a concise handbook to help them understand the economic base in
their region, and how employment trends are undergoing change. The
work was designed as an accompaniment to a general call for proposals
of new strategic priority areas. This call is disseminated widely throughout
the community colleges and our network of collaborating organizations.
Considering the support of new strategic priorities helps keep the Economic
Development Program on the cutting edge of innovation and allows
strategic decision-making about the content of the Economic Development
"portfolio" of programs.The document was also designed to be of assistance not only to
ourselves, but also to our partners in the Department of Education, the
California Trade and Commerce Agency, and the Health and Human
Services Agency. We believe that secondary and post-secondary education
is the key to workforce development. Without the solid foundation of
secondary and post-secondary education, the economy will not thrive in
the future. Likewise, we are solid partners with the California Trade and
Commerce Agency, with whom we share an interest in creating jobs and
increasing California's economic growth. And, we work as partners with
the Health and Human Services Agency to craft and implement solutions
to workforce issues for providing opportunities to people. It is our hope
that by packaging this information in a regional approach, with an
emphasis on helping service providers understand the regional economies
in California, that our document can be of service and assistance to our
partners in these critical agencies, as well as to ourselves.
MethodologyThe data presented in this report identifies the source of employment
growth in the State for the top employment generators in each of its nine
economic regions as defined by the Labor Market Information Division of
the Employment Development Department and utilized by the Economic
Strategy Panel of the California Trade and Commerce Agency.
This work can only be done on a regional basis; the State of California
is too large, and too diverse, to be considered as a single unit economically.
Thus, the report in this handbook examines the regions of California. For
purposes of studying the economy, the nine economic regions as defined
by the Economic Strategy Panel have been used in this report. These
regions are defined by the clusters of buyers and sellers that network
together in a region to produce goods and services. Together they form
an industrial infrastructure that defines the nature of work in a region.
(The California Community Colleges have also defined regions in California
as a means to collaborate with each other and with other providers of
educational services. The ten Community College regions are defined
differently than the economic regions used in this report.)
Introduction and Economic Base Analysis
By separating job losses from job gains the data included in each of
the nine reports disclose actual job gains rather than the net after
calculating job gains and job losses. Therefore, these data provide a
better guide for regional and state decision-makers as they formulate
workforce development policy for the coming year. The data in this report
are presented at the level of detail available from the ES 202 files
maintained by the Labor Market Information Division of the Employment
Development Department. It is illustrative of employment trends and is
not necessarily accurate to the level of detail presented.
Descriptions of the economic base for each of the State's nine economic
regions are provided in separate chapters. Each chapter contains an
overview of employment gains and losses in the region, employment gains
and losses by major industrial group, detailed data on the manufacturing
and services sectors and discusses candidates for additional analysis.
A process for refining the data in this report and developing workforce
development policies is provided. Community Colleges are encouraged
to work collaboratively with other organizations and representatives of
key business clusters in their region to develop regional workforce
investment strategies. It is further recommended that these strategies
be reviewed annually based on up-dated employment data.
Our thanks go to our colleagues at the California Trade and Commerce
Agency and the Labor Market Information Division of the Employment
Development Department for their willingness to share their time andexpertise with us.
For more information:
Director
ED>Net Coordination Network
California Community Colleges
www.ednet.cc.ca.us
Economic Base AnalysisHow Economies Grow
Employment growth is a function of both local and external trends.
Industries such as retail trade and some firms in all sectors depend on
increases in local demand to support their growth. Even some firms in
the manufacturing sector serve primarily local customers. These are
called local serving businesses and they can only grow if there is a growth
in the income in the regions and/or a growth in population, which brings
with it additional wealth and expands the labor force.
3
In contrast some firms sell most of their goods and services outside
the region. These firms are called export businesses whether they sell
their goods in the adjoining regions or throughout the world. Export
businesses can be found in all sectors of the region's economic base and
are highly sensitive to external changes in the regional, state, national
or global economy. Moreover they are not sensitive to income and/or
population growth in the region.
The distinction is important because local serving businesses do not
bring additional wealth into the region. Only export businesses bring in
new wealth and therefore receive the most attention in business attraction
and expansion programs because of their wealth-creating potential. In
some cases, however, primarily local serving businesses such as eating
and drinking places and lodging bring new wealth into the region because
of consumers from outside the region purchasing their services. Some
businesses in the medical services, education and transportation
industries, as well as others play a similar dual role.
Another consideration is the ecological and evolutionary nature of
economic growth. Economic growth is ecological in that all businesses
are in networks of firms called clusters. They are tied together as buyers
and sellers of products and services essential for producing a final
product for consumers. They are also tied together regarding markets
and the physical infrastructure that supports the cluster. These networks
can be entirely local or have no local connections at all. However, most
clusters have strong regional networks and this is why the region is thebest geographic unit for analysis.
Clusters of firms are evolutionary in that most new clusters emerge
out of the clusters that are already well developed in the region. Firms
locate in a region to take advantage of the network of buyers and suppliers,
markets and physical infrastructure already in place to serve existingclusters. As they grow and mature they find new markets in other clusters
and in some cases develop into an entirely new cluster of networked firms.
Since the availability and quality of the labor force is increasinglyimportant in a firm's decision on where to locate or expand, detailed
knowledge of the mix is vital for regional decision-makers to know how
the mix is changing over time. This is especially important since the
changes in the mix of industries in a region's economic base are
increasingly rapid.
It is no longer sufficient to benchmark a local economic base every
five or ten years. And it is misleading to analyze changes in the business
mix at the one digit SIC Code level. It is also misleading to look only at
the net employment growth rather than the absolute gains and losses
in each industrial sector. Without this level of detail opportunities as well
as problems will be overlooked.
LIME
Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Bay Area
between 1991 and 1997. Job gains by division show that the services
sector was responsible for 206,332 new jobs in the Bay Area during this
period accounting for 69 percent of the total job growth. Services sector
businesses grew at an annual rate of 3.7 percent compared to 3.0 percent
for the State.
Job gains in retail trade ranked second with 27,610 new jobs followed
by manufacturing which added 21,791 new positions. Other significant
job gains were found in wholesale trade (7,771) and agriculture (6,004).
Only two sectors suffered losses, finance, insurance and real estate
(FIRE), (-8,655) and mining (-2,873). Both industries were following State
wide trends, but the losses in FIRE were less than that for the State as a
whole. (See the Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)
Employment Gains and Losses by Major SectorThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously
presented for the top employment generators in the Bay Area region at
the two digit SIC Code level. These figures illustrate the importance of
disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture of
regional job growth.(See Tables)
ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the two digit SIC Code level for Manu-
facturing. Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the
Bay Area gained 44,254 new manufacturing jobs between 1991 and 1997
rather than the 21,791 net new manufacturing jobs shown in Figure 1.
This under counting of job gains results from computation of the data
to show only the net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.
Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during thisperiod were accounted for by two major groups in the manufacturing
division, electronic and other electronic equipment with 18,126 new jobs
and industrial machinery and equipment with job gains of 12,734. Other
contributors to job gains in manufacturing were, instruments and related
products (5,046) and fabricated metal products (2,933).
ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total job gains
in this sector were 210,032 as opposed to the 206,332 reported in Figure 1
for the industry division level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses,
services had far less losses compared to gains resulting in a less
inaccurate number for net job gains.
This figure shows that 126,138 of the job gains were accounted for by
one major group of the services sector, business services. Business
services provided 60 percent of the job gains in the region. This increase
was 8.4 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent for the State.
4
Business services was followed by engineering & management services
at 20,782 new jobs, health services with 16,597 and amusement and
recreation services with 11,014 new jobs. Other major groups in the
services sector contributing significantly were private households (5,778),
auto repair, services and parking (5,152) educational services (3,791)
and motion pictures (3,517).
Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the industry group level is shown
in the following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process
identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller firms
in the Bay Area region. Figure 4 shows the top six industry groups that
had an employment base of over 10,000 in 1997, grew in employment
10% or more and added at least 1,000 jobs. (See Tables)
Computer and data processing services led the way by adding 67,378
new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second was personnel
supply services with 43,509 new jobs during this period. A distant third
was electronic components and accessories with 15,035 new jobs and
air transportation came in fourth with 11,859 new jobs. Management
and public relations was fifth (11,010) and Misc. amusement, recreation
services was fifth (10,506).
The top ten industries with 1997 employment of less than 10,000,
employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 1,000 jobs
are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was social services,
which added 3,171 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This represented a
7.5 percent annual growth rate well above that of the State, which was
4.4 percent.
Other sectors in the top ten were home health care services adding
2,809 new jobs, cable and other pay TV services adding 2,787, security
and commodity services with 2,641, advertising with 2,591, metal forging
and stampings 2,489, automotive services, except repair 2,454 and
schools and educational services 2,472. Security and commodity exchanges
was tenth with 1,985 new jobs during the period.
Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10
(7%) (8%) (12%)
(8%)
(7%)
(9%)
(7%)
(42%) (10%)
(27%)
Computer, Data Processing Serv.
Personnel Supply Serv.
Electronic Components, Accessories
Air Transportation, Scheduled
I/ Management, Public Relations
Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv.
(10%)
(10%) (10%)(10%)
Social Serv., Nec. Metal Forgings, Stampings
II Home Health Care Serv. Schools, Educational Serv., Nec.
Cable, Pay TV Serv. Auto Serv., except Repair
Security, Commodity Serv. Bakery Products
Advertising Security, Commodity Exch.
tal
Figure 1 Absolute Change in Bay Area Employment1991 to 1997
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
20630
6004 15283 13495 774791 zuo
50000
8 3 8655
Agriculture R tai rad
Construction Se ices
Manufacturing Mining
Transportation Public Utilities finance Insurance Real Estate
Wholesale Trade
Absolute Change in Bay Area ManufacturingEmployment, 1991 to 1997
0000
15000
10000
1
1188 911,
12834
18126
000
0
- 000
10000
1 000
046
Rood Kindred Prod
abricate Metal Prod
Indust Mac r ery quip
Electronic Electric Equip
Instrumen s Related Prod
1 88
6176
45'41
h 98
Misc Mt Industries
Chemicals Allied Prod
Petroleum Goal Pr d
Prima Metal Indust es
Transpo t tion quip
a3 Absolute Change in Bay Area ServicesEmployment 1991 to 1991
140000
1G 138
NO 00
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
51 3517-
Business Sery
Auto Repair Sery Par ing
Motion Pictures
Amusement Recreation Sery
Health Sett
110147
2078
15778--
Education Sery
Social Sery
ngineenng Mgt ery
Private Households
-
Cud Negunn
Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Central
Coast between 1991 and 1997 for all industry divisions. Net employment
growth in the region was 16,936. However, job gains amounted to 23,677
but were offset by job losses of 6,741. Hence, the actual job gain was
forty percent more than the most commonly used figure.
Job gains in the services division were responsible for 10,537 new jobs
in the Central Coast during this period accounting for 45 percent of the
total job growth in the region. Services division businesses grew at an
annual rate of 1.8 percent compared to 3 percent for the State.
Job gains in agriculture ranked second with 7,742 new jobs followed
by retail trade which added 4,832 new positions. Modest job gains were
found in construction (378) and transportation and public utilities (140).Three sectors suffered losses, manufacturing (-3,967), finance, insurance
and real estate (FIRE), (-2,068) and mining (-706). All three industrieswere following State wide trends, but the losses were larger than that for
the State as a whole. (See the Tables, which accompany this publication,
for more details.)
Employment Gains and Losses by Major SectorFigures in this section add more detail to the data previously presented
for the top employment generators in the Central Coast region at the major
industry group level. These figures illustrate the importance of
disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture of
regional job growth. (See Tables)
ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the major industry group level for
manufacturing. Note that separating job gains from job losses shows
that the Central Coast gained 3,183 new manufacturing jobs between
1991 and 1997 rather than losing 3,966 net jobs shown in Figure 1. This
under counting of job gains results from computation of the data to show
only the net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.
Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during this
period were accounted for by nine industrial groups in the manufacturing
sector. Chemicals and allied products added 786 new jobs, food and
kindred products added 640, rubber and misc. plastic products added
456, printing and publishing added 426 and fabricated metal productsadded 391. Other contributors to job gains in manufacturing were, lumber
and wood products (182) and paper and allied products (167).
ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division at the major
group level. Total job gains in this sector were 12,729 as opposed to the
10,537 reported in Figure 1 for the one digit SIC Code level. Therefore,
actual job gains in services were 20 percent higher than the figure most
6
often used. As in manufacturing, job gains were spread out over four major
groups with additional job gains in eight additional groups at this level.
Figure 3 shows that 5,210 of the job gains were accounted for by one
major group in the services sector, business services. Business services
provided 41 percent of the job gains in the services sector. This increase
was 5.1 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent for the State.
Business services was followed by health services with 1,931 jobs,
amusement and recreation services with 1,256 new jobs and social
services with 1,225. Other components of the services sector contributing
significantly were hotel and other lodging places (755), private households
(729) educational services (559) and membership organizations (414).
Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the industry group level is shown
in the following Figures. This final step in the disaggregation process
identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller
firms in the Central Coast region. Figure 4 shows the top six industries
that had an employment base of over 1,000 in 1997, grew in employment
10% or more and added at least 100 jobs. (See Tables)
Personnel supply services led the way by adding 4,277 new jobs to the
region between 1991 and 1997. Second were farm labor and management
services with 2,993 new jobs during this period. A distant third was
management and public relations with 1,319 new jobs. Misc. amusement,
recreation services was fifth with 1,084 new jobs and air transportation
came in fifth (1,042). Misc. business services were sixth (884).
The top ten industry groups with 1997 employment of less than 1,000,
employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 100 jobs
are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was personal credit
institutions, which added 697 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This
represented a 27.2 percent annual growth rate well above that of the
State, which was negative 0.5 percent.
Other sectors in the top five were airports, flying fields & services adding
537 new jobs, special industry machinery adding 520, botanical and
zoological gardens with 496, misc. durable goods with 402 and misc.
publishing with 363.
Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure Small Industrial, Top 10
(8%)
(37%)
(6%)(6%)
(17%)
(6%A(7%)
(13%)
(9%)
(10%)
(26%) (12%)
Personnel Supply Serv. Personal Credit Institutions Misc. Publishing
Farm Labor, Mgt. Serv. Airports, Flying Fields, Serv. Security Brokers, dealers
Ej Mgt., Public Relations Special Industrial Machinery Sanitary Serv.
Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv. Botanical, Zoological Gardens Motorcycles, Bicycles, Parts
Air Transportation, Scheduled Misc. Durable Goods Mortgage Bankers, Brokers
111 Misc. Business Serv.
(13%)
v
1 Absolute Change in Central CoastEmployment, 1991 to 1997
1.2000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
2000
-4000
6000
10537
111,211111111111
4832
308 140 48
-706
2068
Agriculture Services
Construction Mining
Transportation Public Utilities Manufacturing
W alesale Trade Finance Insurance Real Estate
Retail rade
Figure 2 Absolute Change in Central CoastManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 19917
moo
500
-500
-1000
1500
-2000
500
3000
-3500
640 486426 45_6 391
mss- H
-3-93 -506
905
-1 88
3259
ood Kindred Pro
Fruiting Publishing
Chemicals Allied Prod
Rubber Misc Plastics Prod
abricated Metal Prod
Stone Clay Glass Prod
Industrial Machine Equip
Electronic Elects quip
Transportation quip
Instruments Related Prod
Figure 3 Absolute Change in Central Coast ServicesEmployment, 1991 to 1993
6000
540000
4000
3000
000 4930
6 19251000
0
10001
-2000
Dig 29
-54g 49.
-89
Hotels Lodging
Business Semi
Amusement Re Se
Health Sery
Social Sem
Private Househo ds
Personne Semi
Misc Repair
Engineering Mgt Ser
Central Sierra Region
Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Central
Sierra economic region between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the
services sector was responsible for 1,257 new jobs in the Central Sierra
during this period accounting for 41 percent of the total job growth inthe region. Services sector businesses grew at an annual rate of 1.6
percent compared to 3 percent for the State.
Job gains in retail trade ranked second with 943 new jobs followed by
manufacturing which added 727 new positions. The only other job gains
were found in agriculture (74). Five sectors suffered losses, finance,
insurance and real estate (FIRE), (280), wholesale trade (1,176),
transportation and public utilities (13), construction (639) and mining(539). These industries were declining more than statewide trends. (See
the Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)
Employment Gains and Losses by Major SectorThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously
presented for the top employment generators in the Central Sierra region
at the two digit SIC Code level. These figures illustrate the importance
of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture
of regional job growth. (See Tables)
ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the major group level for manufacturing.
Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Central
Sierra gained 1,086 new manufacturing jobs between 1991 and 1997
rather than the 727 net new jobs shown in Figure 1. This under counting
of job gains results from computation of the data to show only the net
(gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.
Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during this
period were accounted for by two industrial groups in the manufacturing
sector, electronic and other electronic equipment with 210 new jobs and
industrial machinery and equipment with job gains of 303. Other
contributors to job gain in manufacturing were, chemicals and allied
products (165) and rubber and miscellaneous plastic products (127).
ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total jobs gains
in this division were 2,347 as opposed to the 1,257 reported in Figure 1
for the one digit SIC Code level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses,
services had far more employment losses compared to gains resulting
in a more inaccurate number for net job gains.
8
This figure shows that 1,494 of the job gains were accounted for by
one major group in the services sector, amusement and recreation services.
Amusement and recreation services provided 64 percent of the job gains
in the region in the services sector. This increase was 18.5 percent
annually compared to 4.2 percent for the State. Amusement and recreation
services was followed by social services at 259 new jobs, educational
services with 149 and membership organizations with 148 new jobs.
Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the three digit SIC code level is
shown in the following figures. This final step in the disaggregation
process identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and
smaller firms in the Central Sierra region. Figure 4 shows the top two
three digit SIC Code industries that had an employment base of over 500
in 1997, grew in employment 10% or more and added at least 50 jobs.
(See Tables)
Miscellaneous amusement, recreation services led the way by adding
1,466 new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second was real
estate agents and managers with 131 new jobs during this period.
The top ten industries with 1997 employment of less than 500,
employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 50 jobs are
shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was communications
equipment, which added 233 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This
represented a 76.4 percent annual growth rate well above that of the
State, which was 4.3 percent.
Other major groups in the top ten were beverages adding 196 new
jobs, residential care adding 181, individual and family services with
171, local and suburban transportation with 130, miscellaneous plastics
products, unclassified 127, miscellaneous chemical products 125 and
schools and personnel supply services 110. Civic and social associations
were tenth with 89 new jobs during the period.
Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 2 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10
(8%)(1 %)
(6%) (16%)
I=1 Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv.
El Real Estate Agents, Managers
aa
(7%)
(9%)
(9%)
(13%)
(12%)
(9%)(12%)
Communications Equip. L:1 Misc. Plastic prods., Nec.
Beverages Misc. Chemical Prods.
Residential Care Personnel Supply Serv.
Individual, Family Serv. Elementary, Secondary Schools
0 Local, Suburban Transportation Civic, Social Assoc.
Figure 1 Absolute Change in Central SierraEmployment, 1991 to 1997
1500
1000
500
0
-500
1000
-1500
'AgricultureManufacturing
Retail Trade
II Services
Construction
Transportation, Public Utilities
11Whoresa le Trade
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
Mining
Figure 2 Absolute Change in Central SierraManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 1997
400
300
200
100
0
100
200
300
303
165 210
107 127I-
33
- ail _________ _____ ,T18 -26
59
-228
II Food Kindred Prod
t Apparel Other Textile Prods
Chemtcals Allied Prods
Rubber Misc Plastic Prod
III Industrial Machinery Equip
Electronic Electric Equip.
Lumber Wood Prods.
Printing Publishing
Fabricated Metal Prods,
Misc Mfg Industries
3 Absolute Change in Central Sierra ServicesEmployment, 1991 to 1997
2000
14941500
1000
500
149
III/259
14864 93
tow L2p10
500
1000 r
1I -63
189-337
-480
_II Business Services Membership Org.
Auto Repair Services Parking Hotel Lodging
Amusement Recreation Sery "Personnel Sew,II/Educational Serv. Health Sery
Social Sery Private Households
Northern California Region
Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Northern
California between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the services
division was responsible for 7,948 new jobs in the Northern California
during this period accounting for 60 percent of the total job growth in
the region. Services division businesses grew at an annual rate of 3.8
percent compared to 3 percent for the State.
Job gains in retail trade ranked second with 2,763 new jobs followed
by agriculture, which added 1,571 new positions. The other job gains
were found in manufacturing (581), transportation and public utilities(4), and wholesale trade (335). Three sectors suffered losses, finance,
insurance and real estate (FIRE) (-43), construction (-1,172) and mining
(-164). Those industries showing losses tended to mirror the statewide
trends. (See the Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)
Employment Gains and Losses by Major SectorThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously
presented for the top employment generators in the Northern California
region at the major group level. These figures illustrate the importance
of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate pictureof regional job growth. (See Tables)
ManufacturingFigure 2 show job gains at the major group level for manufacturing.
Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Northern
California region gained 1,811 new manufacturing jobs between 1991
and 1997 rather than the 581 net new jobs shown in Figure 1. This under
counting of job gains results from computation of the data to show onlythe net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.
Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during this
period were accounted for by two major groups in the manufacturing
sector, industrial machinery and equipment with 609 new jobs and food
and kindred products with job gains of 434. Other contributors to job
gain in manufacturing were, fabricated metal products (287) and
miscellaneous manufacturing industries (110).
ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total jobs gains
in this division were 8,319 as opposed to the 7,948 reported in Figure 1
for the division level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses, services
had far fewer losses compared to gains resulting in a less inaccurate
number of net job gains than for manufacturing.
10
This figure shows that 1,798 of the job gains were accounted for by
one major group of the services division, amusement and recreation
services. Amusement and recreation services provided 22 percent of the
job gains in the region in the services division. This increase was 14.1
percent annually compared to 4.2 percent for the State. Amusement and
recreation services was followed by health services at 1,716 new jobs,
Social services with 1,569 and private households with 851 new jobs.
Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the industry group level is shown
in the following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process
identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller firms
in the Northern California region. Figure 4 shows the top six industry
groups that had an employment base of over 1,000 in 1997, grew in
employment 10% or more and added at lease 100 jobs. (See Tables)
Miscellaneous amusement, recreation services led the way by adding
1,774 new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second was
hospitals with 1,198 new jobs during this period.
The top ten industries with 1997 employment of less than 1,000,
employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 100 jobs
are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this industry group was general
industrial machinery, which added 459 new jobs between 1991 and 1997.
This represented a 57.6 percent annual growth rate, compared to that of
the State, which was negative 1.1 percent.
Other sectors in the top ten were forestry services adding 418 new
jobs, industrial machinery, nec with 415, job training and related services
with 407, trusts 387, beverages 373 and child day care services 325.
Professional and commercial equipment was tenth with 298 new jobs
during the period.
Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10(2%) (6%) (14%)
(8%) (6%)
(16%)
(22%)
Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv.
NI HospitalsPrivate Households
Landscape, Horticultural Serv.
Individual, Family Serv.
Beverages
(8%)
(9%)
(9%)
(12%)
I(12%)
(12%) (12%)
Gen. Industrial Machinery 111 Civic, Social Assoc.
Forestry Serv. I/ Prof., Commercial Equip.
Industrial Machinery, Nec. Air Transportation, Scheduled
Job Training, Related Serv. Ei Animal Serv., Except Veterinary
Trusts Home Health Care Serv.
4.
Absolute Change in Northern CaliforniaEmployment, 1991 to 1997
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
-1000
-2000
7948
2763
1571
581
335
-164 III-1172
Agriculture Services
Manufacturing Mining
Transportation, Public Utilities U ConstructionWholesale Trade Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
II Retail Trade
2 Absolute Change in Northern CaliforniaManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 1997
800
600609
200
287
98 102 110
434400
0
200
400
600
Food. Kindred Prod.
Rubber, Misc. Plastics Prod.
Fabricated Metal Prod.
S i Industrial Machinery. Equip.
MI Instruments. Related Prod.
ill261
-78
-459
Misc. Mfg. industries
LUIllber. Wood Prod.
Paper, Allied Prod.
Stone, Clay. Glass Prod.
Electronic, Other Electric Equip.
3 Absolute Change in Northern CaliforniaServices Employment, 1991 to 1991
2000
Hotels, Other Lodging Places
Educational Serv.
Social Serv.
Business Serv.
Auto Repair, Serv., Parking
it Amusement, Recreation Serv.
Health Serv.
Membership Org.
Private Households
Personal Services
SECTEMOHt
Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Northern
Sacramento Valley between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the
services division was responsible for 8,867 new jobs in the Northern
Sacramento Valley during this period accounting for 76 percent of the
total job growth in the region. Services division businesses grew at an
annual rate of 4.1 percent compared to 3 percent for the State.
Job gains in retail trade ranked second with 1,475 new jobs followed
by agriculture, which added 1,080 new positions. The other job gains
were found in finance, insurance, and real estate (FIRE) (153), and
manufacturing (81). Sectors that suffered losses were construction with
a net loss of 1,574 wholesale trade (-258), mining (-192) and transportation
and public utilities (-81). (Seethe Tables, which accompany this publication,
for more details.)
Employment Gains and Losses by Major GroupThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously
presented for the top employment generators in the Northern Sacramento
Valley region at the two digit SIC Code level. These figures illustrate the
importance of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate
picture of regional job growth. (See Tables)
ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the major group level for manufacturing.
Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Northern
Sacramento Valley region gained 1,112 new manufacturing jobs between
1991 and 1997 rather than the 81 net new jobs shown in Figure 1. This
under counting of job gains results from organization of the data to show
only the net (gains minus losses) at the division level.
Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during thisperiod were accounted for by three major groups in the manufacturing
sector, instruments and related products with 291 new jobs, industrial
machinery and equipment with 263 new jobs and fabricated metal
products with job gains of 218. Other contributors to job gain inmanufacturing were, transportation equipment (155) and miscellaneous
manufacturing industries (74).
ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total jobs gains
in this division were 8,990 as opposed to the 8,867 reported in Figure 1
for the division level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses, services
had far less compared to gains resulting in a less inaccurate number of
net job gains for manufacturing.
P1 2
This figure shows that 2,930 of the job gains were accounted for by
one major group in the services division, health services. Health services
provided 33 percent of the job gains in the region in the services division.
This increase was 3.5 percent annually compared to 1.4 percent for the
State. Health services was followed by business services at 1,712 new
jobs, amusement and recreation services with 915 and social services
with 813 new jobs.
Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the three digit SIC code level is
shown in the following figures. This final step in the disaggregation
process identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and
smaller firms in the Northern Sacramento Valley region. Figure 4 shows
the top six three digit SIC Code industries that had an employment base
of over 1,000 in 1997, grew in employment 10% or more and added at
least 100 jobs. (See Tables)
Miscellaneous amusement, recreation services led the way by adding
891 new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second were hospitals
with 890 new jobs during this period.
The top ten industries with 1997 employment of less than 1,000,
employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 100 jobs
are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was civic and social
associations, which added 701 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This
represented a 24.2 percent annual growth rate, compared to that of the
State, which was less than 1 percent.
Other industry groups in the top ten were computer and data processing
services adding 486 new jobs, home health care services adding 422,
business credit institutions with 358, miscellaneous fabricated textile
products with 329, air transportation, scheduled 270, child day care
services 239 and landscape and horticultural services 233. Water supply
was tenth with 229 new jobs during the period.
Figure Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure Small Industrial, Top 10
(9%)
(15%)
(8%) (17%)
(17%)
(16%) (17%)
Computer and Data Processing Services
Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv.
Hospitals
Nursing, Personal Care Facilities
0:0 Personnel Supply Serv.
Private Households
Hotels, Motels
(7%)
(7%)(7%)
(7%) ji(14%)
(8%)
(8%) (12%)(10%)
Civic, Social Assoc. Air Transportation, Scheduled
Computer, Data Processing Serv. Child Day Care Serv.
Home Health Care Sew. Landscape, Horticultural Serv.
Business Credit Institutions Misc. Business Serv.
Misc Fabricated Textile Prod. Water Supply
-1411NENtriftrot*,\N
Absolute Change in Northern SacramentoValley Employment, 1991 to 1997
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000 1475
0
-2000
-4000
1080
81 153
8867
-192
-1574
-81 -258
Agriculture / MiningManufacturing Construction
Retail Trade Transportation, Public Utilities
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Wholesale Trade
Services
atm 2 Absolute Change in Northern Sacramento ValleyManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 1991
400
300 263 291
200
100
0 111
155
74
-100
-200
-300
-400
Chemicals, Allied Prod.
a Fabricated Metal Prod.
Industrial Machinery, Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Instruments, Related Prod.
-310 -271
-166 -196
Misc Mfg. Industrial Prod.
Lumber, Wood Prod.
Paper, Allied Prod.
Stone, Clay, Glass Prod.
Electronic, Electric Equip.
Absolute Change in Northern Sacramento ValleyServices Employment, 1991 to 1991
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-500
1 Hotels, Lodging Places
Personal Serv.
Business Serv.
Auto Repair, Serv., Parking
Motion Pictures
Amusement, Recreation Serv.
Health Serv.
Social Serv.
Membership Serv.
Private Households
SomMent Hoge
Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Greater
Sacramento between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the services
sector was responsible for 41,595 new jobs in the Greater Sacramento
during this period accounting for 62 percent of the total job growth in
the region. Services division businesses grew at an annual rate of 4.1
percent compared to 3 percent for the State.
Job gains in manufacturing ranked second with 8,698 new jobs followed
by retail trade, which added 7,557 new positions. The other job gains
were found in agriculture (1,944), construction (2,232), transportation
and public utilities (2,921), wholesale trade (574) and finance, insurance
and real estate (FIRE) (1,861). Only one sector suffered losses, mining
with a net loss of 1,483, with a trend greater then the State. (See the
Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)
Employment Gains and Losses by Major SectorThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously
presented for the top employment generators in the Greater Sacramento
region at the major group level. These figures illustrate the importance
of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture
of regional job growth. (See Tables)
ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the major group level for manufacturing.
Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Greater
Sacramento region gained 11,761 new manufacturing jobs between 1991
and 1997 rather than the 8,698 net new jobs shown in Figure 1. This
under counting of job gains results from computation of the data to show
only the net (gains minus losses) at the division level.
Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during this
period were accounted for by two major groups in the manufacturing
sector, electronic and other electronic equipment with 4,391 new jobs
and industrial machinery and equipment with job gains of 4,924. Other
contributors to job gains in manufacturing were, furniture and fixtures(913) and rubber and miscellaneous plastic products (537).
ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total jobs gains
in this division were 43,419 as opposed to the 41,595 reported in Figure 1
for the services division. In contrast to manufacturing job losses, services
had far fewer losses compared to gains resulting in a less inaccuratenumber of net job gains for services.
This figure shows that 22,730 of the job gains were accounted for by
14
one component of the services division, business services. Business
services provided 52 percent of the job gains in the region in the services
division. This increase was 10.6 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent
for the State. Business services was followed by social services at 4,454
new jobs, amusement and recreation services with 4,445 and health
services with 3,675 new jobs.
Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the industry group level is shown
in the following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process
identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller firms
in the Greater Sacramento region. Figure 4 shows the top six three digit
SIC Code industries that had an employment base of over 5,000 in 1997,
grew in employment 10% or more and added at least 500 jobs. (See
Ta bles)
Personnel supply services led the way by adding 12,359 new jobs to
the region between 1991 and 1997. Second was miscellaneous business
services with 5,142 new jobs during this period.
The top ten industries with 1997 employment of less than 5,000,
employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 500 jobs
are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was residential care,
which added 2,109 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This represented
a 10.8 percent annual growth rate, compared to that of the State, which
was 6.6 percent. (See Tables)
Other sectors in the top ten were electrical industrial apparatus adding
1,635 new jobs, services to buildings adding 1,435, air transportation,
scheduled with 1,256, investment offices with 1,001, home health care
services 988, miscellaneous durable goods 921 and farm labor and
management services 897. Sugar and confectionery products were tenth
with 880 new jobs during the period. (See Tables)
Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10(8%) (7%)
(18%)(7%)
(16%)
Personnel Supply Serv.
Misc. Business Serv.
Computer, Office Equip.
Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv.
Computer, Data Process. Serv.
Electronic Components, Accessories
17
(7%)
(8%)
(8%)
(8%)(10%)
Residential Care Home Health Care Serv.
Elect. Industrial Apparatus Misc. Durable Goods
Services to Bldgs. Farm Labor, Mgt Services
Air Transportation, Scheduled Individual, Family Serv.
Investment Offices Sugar, Confectionary Prod.
(14%)
(12%)
0 Absolute Change in Greater SacramentoEmployment, 1991 to 1997
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
41595
8698 7557
1944 22320
2921lip 574 1861
- -4-1483
-i0000 I11
II Agriculture LI Retail Trade i
Construction Finance. Insurance Real Estate 4
Manufacturing II Services*Transportation Public Utilities Mining
Wholesale Trade
2 Absolute Change in Greater SacramentoManufacturing Employment, 199110 1997
6000
5000 4924
4000
3000
2000
1000
-1000
-2000
913
III 537 ;i t 307
4391
427
-771
-214 _367
-1156
Furniture Fixtures
Rubber Misc Plastics Prod
Industrial Machinery Equip
Electronic Electric Equip
Mist Mfg Industries
Food, Kindred Prod.
MI Lumber. Wood Prod.
III Paper. Allied Prod.
Printing. Publishing
Transportation Equip.
Figure Absolute Change in Greater SacramentoServices Employment, 1991 to 1997
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
-5000
22730
4445 3675 4454
2086664
1465 1974 1789
-1037
Rosiness Sery kiTT Education Serv.
Auto Repair Sery Parking ' Social Sere.
al Motion Pictures Engineering. Mgt. Serv.
Amusement Recreation Sery Private Households
II Health Sery Personal Sery
San Diego Region
Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the San Diego
region between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the services division
was responsible for 62,509 new jobs in the San Diego region during this
period accounting for 67 percent of the total job growth in the region.Services division businesses grew at an annual rate of 3.4 percent
compared to 3 percent for the State.
Job gains in retail trade ranked second with 14,467 new jobs followed
by transportation and public utilities, which added 5,075 new positions.
The other job gains were found in construction (4,172), agriculture (4,034),
and wholesale trade (3,537). Divisions that suffered losses were
manufacturing with a net loss of 9,481, finance, insurance, and real
estate (FIRE) (-2,139), and mining (-872). (See the Tables, which accompany
this publication, for more details.)
Employment Gains and Losses by Major GroupThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously
presented for the top employment generators in the San Diego region at
the division level. These figures illustrate the importance of disaggregation
of employment data for gaining an accurate picture of regional job growth.
(See Tables)
ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the two digit SIC Code level for
manufacturing. Note that separating job gains from job losses shows
that the San Diego region gained 16,470 new manufacturing jobs between
1991 and 1997 rather than the 9,481 net loss shown in Figure 1. This
under counting of job gains results from organization of the data to show
only the net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.
Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during this
period were accounted for by two industrial components of the
manufacturing division, miscellaneous manufacturing industries with
4,328 new jobs, and industrial machinery and equipment with job gains
of 4,009. Other contributors to job gain in manufacturing were, apparel
and other textile products (1,762) and electronic and other electric
equipment (1,110).
ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total jobs gains
in this division were 66,717 as opposed to the 62,509 reported in Figure 1
for the division level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses, services
had far less compared to gains resulting in a less inaccurate number of
net job gains as seen in manufacturing.
16
This figure shows that 28,040 of the job gains were accounted for by
one major group of the services division, business services. Business
services provided 42 percent of the job gains in the region in the services
division. This increase was 7.3 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent
for the State. Business services was followed by engineering and
management services at 12,513 new jobs, health services with 6,203
and social services with 4,456 new jobs.
Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the three digit SIC code level is
shown in following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process
identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller
firms in the San Diego region. Figure 4 shows the top six three digit SIC
Code industries that had an employment base of over 10,000 in 1997,
grew in employment 10% or more and added at least 1,000 jobs. (See
Tables)
Personnel supply services led the way by adding 12,178 new jobs to
the region between 1991 and 1997. Second were research and testing
services with 10,078 new jobs during this period.
The top ten industries with 1997 employment of less than 10,000,
employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 1,000 jobs
are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was services to
buildings, which added 3,773 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This
represented a 9.9 percent annual growth rate, compared to that of the
State, which was 3.1 percent.
Other major groups in the top ten were toys and sporting goods adding
3,497 new jobs, professional and commercial equipment adding 2,775,
telephone communication with 2,734, home health care services with
2,302, farm labor and management services 1,872, offices of other health
practitioners 1,729 and mortgage bankers and brokers 1,560. Schools and
educational services, nec was tenth with 1,406 new jobs during the period.
Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10
(6%) (6%)
(11%) (6%) (16%)
(30%)
(14%)
(14%)
(25%)
Personnel Supply Serv.
Research, Testing Serv.
Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv.
Computer, Data Processing Serv.
In Misc. Business Serv.
Mgt. Public Relations
19
(7%)
(8%)
(10%1
(12%)
Services to Bldgs.
Toys, Sporting Goods
Professional, Commercial Equip.
Telephone Communication
Home Health Care Services
(15%)
(12%)
111 Farm Labor, Mgt. Serv.
Offices of Other Health Practitioners
Mortgage Bankers, Brokers
E Combination Utility Serv.
Schools, Educational Serv., Nee.
Absolute Change in San Diego RegionEmployment, 1991 to 1997
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
62509
4034 4172 5075 35370_i-10000
-20000
-872'may-2139
-9481
Agriculture
Construction
Transportation. Public Utilities
Wholesale Trade
-+-Retail-Trade
Services
Mining
Si Manufacturing
Finance. Insurance, Real Estate
Absolute Change in San Diego RegionManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 199710000
5000
0
-5000
-10000
-15000
-20000
4009 4328
1762 'ma' 396 656 1396 785
-7214
-18323
Apparel, Other Textile Prod.
Furniture. Fixtures
Paper, Allied Prod.
is Printing. Publishing
Chemicals, Allied Prod.
Rubber, Misc. Plastics Prod.
Industrial Machinery. Equip.
Misc. Mfg. Industries
Transportation Equip.
Instruments, Related Prod.
3 Absolute Change in San Diego RegionServices Employment, 1991 to 199730000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
28040
12513
3258 50636203
3536 4456
1538III.-970 -1555
-5000
Business Serv.
Auto Repair, Serv.. Parking
Motion Pictures
Amusement. Recreation Serv.
Health Serv.
Education Serv.
Social Serv.
Engineering, Mgt. Serv.
Hotels. Other Lodging Places
Private Households
SEn JaEsph bah
Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the San Joaquin
Valley between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the agriculture
division was responsible for 44,734 new jobs in the San Joaquin Valley
during this period accounting for 47 percent of the total job growth in
the region.
Job gains in services ranked second with 33,072 new jobs followed by
retail trade, which added 12,372 new positions. Services division businesses
grew at an annual rate of 2.9 percent compared to 3 percent for the State.
The only other job gains were found in transportation and public utilities
with 4,066 new positions. Divisions that suffered losses were construction
with a net loss of 5,772, mining (-3,633), finance, insurance, and real
estate (FIRE) (-1,378), wholesale trade (-910), and manufacturing (-531).
(See the Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)
Employment Gains and Losses by Major GroupThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously
presented for the top employment generators in the San Joaquin Valley
region at the major group level. These figures illustrate the importance
of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate pictureof regional job growth. (See Tables)
ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the two digit SIC Code level for
manufacturing. Note that separating job gains from job losses showsthat the San Joaquin Valley region gained 5,528 new manufacturing jobs
between 1991 and 1997 rather than the 531 net loss shown in figure 1.
This under counting of job gains results from computation of the data
to show only the net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.
Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during thisperiod were accounted for by three major groups in the manufacturing
division, industrial machinery and equipment with 1,390 new jobs,
fabricated metal products 1,324 new jobs and rubber and misc. plastics
products with job gains of 958. Other contributors to job gain in
manufacturing were, instruments and related products (458) and
miscellaneous manufacturing industries (415)
ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total jobs gains
in this division were 35,055 as opposed to the 33,072 reported in Figure 1
for the division. In contrast to manufacturing job losses, services had far
fewer losses compared to gains resulting in a less inaccurate number of
net job gains than for manufacturing.
This figure shows that 12,605 of the job gains were accounted for by
one major group in the services division, business services. Business
services provided 36 percent of the job gains in the region in the services
division. This increase was 6.9 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent
for the State. Business services was followed by health services at 8,281
new jobs, amusement and recreation services with 3,513, and social
services with 3,180.
Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the three digit SIC code level is
shown in following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process
identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller firms
in the San Joaquin Valley region. Figure 4 shows the top six industry
groups that had an employment base of over 5,000 in 1997, grew in
employment 10% or more and added at least 500 jobs. (See Tables)
Farm labor and management services led the way by adding 29,943
new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second were personnel
supply services with 7,742 new jobs during this period.
The top ten industries with 1997 employment of less than 5,000,
employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 500 jobs
are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this industry group was public
warehousing and storage, which added 2,045 new jobs between 1991
and 1997. This represented a 13.9 percent annual growth rate, compared
to that of the State, which was 5.7 percent. (See Tables)
Other divisions in the top ten were management and public relations
adding 1,533 new jobs, crude petroleum and natural gas adding 1,413,
fish hatcheries and preserves with 1,172, computer and data processing
services with 1,084, Miscellaneous food and kindred products 942, health
and allied services, nec. 860 and colleges and universities 834. Landscape
and horticultural services was tenth with 789 new jobs during the period.
Figure
(6%)
(12%)
Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure Small Industrial, Top 10(
(5 %) (5%)
(15%)
(57%)
Farm Labor, Mgt Serv.
111 Personnel Supply Serv.
Crop Serv.
Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv.
Private Households
Hospitals
(7%)
(7%)
(7%)
(7%)(18%)
(8%)
(9%). (10%)
Public Warehousing, Storage Misc. Food, Kindred Prod.
Mgt., Public Relations Health, Allied Serv, Nec.
Crude Petroleum, Natural Gas Colleges, Universities
Fish Hatcheries, Preserves Fabricated Structural Metal Prod.
Computer, Data Processing Serv. Landscape, Horticultural Serv.
(13 %)
(12%)
4ff
Figure
Figure 2
Absolute Change1991
rilesOp U@OVEmployment,
sin=
40000
30000
20000
10000
10000
44734
33072
-12372
4066
-531 -910 -13783633- L--
--5772
M Agriculture
II Transportation, Public Utilities
i__] Construction
/ManufacturingRetail Trade
SmitesMining
Absolute ChangeManufacturing
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-500
-1000
-1500
2000
Wholesale Trade
_.j Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
O) ffli) JoaquinIlffl] tbEnoployment,
Valley1
Rubber, Misc. Plastics Prod.
Fabricated Metal Prod.
Industrial Machinery, Equip.
111 Instruments, Related Prod.
Food, Kindred Prod.
Absoluteg312M133
14000
1260512000
10000
8000
6000
4000
-2000
Change
111 7 7J _
572 -615 -494
-1104 -1095
1.] Printing, Publishing
Chemicals, Allied Prod.
Stone, Clay, Glass Prod.
Li Electronic, Electric Equip.
Transportation Equip.
ruift Joaquin1M2g QoEmployment,
2823
-981
to Business Serv. Social Sem.
IN Auto Repair, Serv., Parking Membership Org.
Amusement, Recreational Serv. Engineering, Mgt. Seen.
al Health Sew. I Private Households
Educational Serv. Hotels, Other Lodging Places
Southern California Region
Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Southern
California region between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the services
division was responsible for 229,420 new jobs in the Southern California
region during this period accounting for 81 percent of the total job growth
in the region. Services division businesses grew at an annual rate of 2.2
percent compared to 3 percent for the State.
Employment gains in retail trade ranked second with 21,472 new jobs
followed by transportation and public utilities, which added 16,897 new
positions. The other job gains were found in wholesale trade (13,174),
and agriculture (751). Divisions that suffered losses were manufacturing
with a net loss of 131,023, finance, insurance, and real estate (FIRE)
(-55,942), mining (-16,800) and construction (-9,511). (See the Tables,
which accompany this publication, for more details.)
Employment Gains and Losses by Major GroupThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously
presented for the top employment generators in the Southern California
region at industry group level. These figures illustrate the importance of
disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture ofregional job growth. (See Tables)
ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the major group level for manufacturing.
Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Southern
California region gained 32,127 new manufacturing jobs between 1991
and 1997 rather than the -131,023 net loss shown in Figure 1. This under
counting of job gains results from computation of the data to show only
the net (gains minus losses) at the major group level.
Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during this
period were accounted for by two major groups in the manufacturing
division, apparel and other textile products with 13,581 new jobs, andtextile mill products with job gains of 7,329. Other contributors to job
gain in manufacturing were, furniture and fixtures (3,584) andmiscellaneous manufacturing industries (2,870).
ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total jobs gains
in this division were 260,416 as to the 229,420 reported in
Figure 1 for the division level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses,
services had far fewer losses compared to gains resulting in a less
inaccurate number of net job gains than in manufacturing.
.20
This figure shows that 122,690 of the job gains were accounted for by
one major group of the services division, business services. Business
services provided 47 percent of the job gains in the region in the services
division. This increase was 5 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent
for the State. Business services was followed by motion pictures at 50,386
new jobs, health services with 25,309 and social services with 17,705
new jobs.
Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the industry group level is shown
in following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process identifies
the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller firms in the
Southern California region. Figure 4 shows the top six three digit SIC
Code industries that had an employment base of over 10,000 in 1997,
grew in employment 10% or more and added at least 1,000 jobs. (See
Tables)
Personnel supply services led the way by adding 64,635 new jobs to
the region between 1991 and 1997. Second were motion picture production
and services with 47,522 new jobs during this period. The top ten industries
with 1997 employment of less than 10,000, employment growth of 10
percent or more who added at least 1,000 jobs are shown in Figure 5.
The leader in this category was textile finishing, except wool, which added
3,569 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This represented a 20 percent
annual growth rate, compared to that of the State, which was 19.8 percent.
Other industry groups in the top ten were knitting mills adding 3,081
new jobs, men's and boys' furnishings adding 2,335, security and
commodity services with 2,179, video tape rental with 2,142, museums
and art galleries 1,938, special industry machinery 1,881 and automobile
parking 1,827. Air transportation, nonscheduled was tenth with 1,416
new jobs during the period.
Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10(8%) (6%) (16%)
(8%) (8%)
(33%)
(25%)
1:1 Personnel Supply Serv.
1111 Motion Picture Prod., Serv.
Misc. Business Serv.
Mgt., Public Relations
IN Private Households
Computer, Data Processing Serv.
(8%)
(9%)
(14%)
(9%) (11%)
(10%) (10%)
Textile Finishing, Except Wool El Museums, Art Galleries
Knitting Mills Special Industry machinery
Men's, Boy's Furnishings Automobile Parking
Security, Commodity Serv. [a Credit Unions
Video Tape Rental Air Transportation, Nonscheduled
a,
Figure u Absolute Change in Southern CaliforniaEmployment, 1991 to 1991
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
-50000
-100000
-150000
229420
16897
" I ---13174 21472
-16800-9511 11-55942
-131023
Agriculture
Transportation. Public Utilities
$ Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Services
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
III Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
kmiuditELigse 2 Absolute Change in Southern California7. Manu acturing Employment, 1991 to 1991..,,,V! Iskijalial 20000
732913581
10000
P., zo
m, 3584
' A \ 070. -10000-9615 -5729 -9081
111:4426
-20000 -13707
-30000
-40000
TM L r,.,:160 \iWWt% -50000
XVO a LI kh 11M-
-60000
-80000
14,_\
-73751
Textile Mill Prod.
Apparel, Other Textile Prod.
II Furniture, Fixtures
11 Food, Kindred Prod.
Printing, Publishing
Petroleum, Coal Prod.
Industrial Machinery, Equip.
Electronic. Other Electric Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Instruments. Related Prod.
Figure () Absolute Change in Southern CaliforniaServices Employment, 1991 to 1997140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
-20000
122690
50386
15790253091770516295
II111111111111r4441-11151-7936
Business Serv.
Auto Repair. Serv., Parking
Motion Pictures
II Amusement, Recreation Sery
Health Serv.
Social Serv.
Private Households
I/Hotels, Other Lodging Places
`Legal Serv.Engineering, Mgt. Serv.
AMEIEMMATERS ffET CUifilltE[My' ors
The data presented in Figures 4 and 5 throughout the regional chapters
provide the basis for additional analysis. It is recommended that Community
College decision-makers form a working group for the region made up of
economic development, workforce development, training and education
professionals, and Councils of Government to review the data and
tentatively select no more than five large and two small industries for
further study.
Once the tentative selection is made, it is recommended that the
working group meet individually with representatives of regional businesses
that are in the selected clusters. The purpose of these meetings is to
determine, from those with first hand knowledge, the current trends in
the industry in the region. If they appear to be positive, a final selection
can be made. If not, other industries should be considered.
At this point a regional working group for each selected industrial
sector should be formed. Each group should be made up of representatives
of the economic development, workforce development and training,
education professionals, and Councils of Government expanded to include
representatives from a mix of regional businesses in the industrial sectors
selected.
Once the industry working groups have been formed, data should be
gathered and organized to project the employment growth of the industry,
identify the occupational categories that will be required to match the
projected employment growth, and list the skill requirements appropriate
for the employment categories. This information is readily available on-
line from State and Federal government sources.
http://www.onetcenter.org/
http://www.calmis.cahwnet.gov/htmlfile/ccois/oor.htm
The industry working group should discuss this information and come
to conclusions regarding the nature and extent of training that should
be undertaken in the coming year and the next five years. An implementation
plan should be developed by the industry working group that spells out
initiatives to be taken, the time frame for their initiation and completion,
their cost and source of funding, and the organization responsible for
conducting each initiative. This process should be repeated annually
including an update of all data.
22, .
71 "IT
I '
'
This document was prepared under the directionof the Economic Development Coordination Networkin the Los Rios Community College District,Sandy Kirschenmann, Director.
This project is supported by funds from theChancellor's Office, California Community Colleges.
Contact Information:
www.ednetcc.ca.us
1-800-344-3812
CaliforniaCommunityColleges
24
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