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Reproductive and Somatic Effort in Dogwoods

Date post: 23-Feb-2016
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Reproductive and Somatic Effort in Dogwoods. What is life history?. Grasses. Trees. vs. fast growth. slow growth. quick repro. delayed repro. An organism’s typical pattern of : Growth & Survival Reproduction. Components of Life History. SOMATIC effort E for growth/survival. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Reproductive and Somatic Effort in Dogwoods
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Page 1: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Reproductive and Somatic Effort in Dogwoods

Page 2: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

What is life history?• An organism’s typical pattern of :

– Growth & Survival– Reproduction

Grasses Trees

fast growth

quick repro

slow growth

delayed repro

vs.

Page 3: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

All organisms have limited energy; they allocate some energy to somatic effort & some to reproductive effort

somatic & reproductive effort = trade-off

Components of Life History

TOTAL ENERGY

SOMATIC effort• E for growth/survival

REPRODUCTIVE effort• E for reproduction

Page 4: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Purpose HOW do dogwood trees allocate

their energy to SOMATIC and REPRODUCTIVE efforts??

Examine 3 theories on life history trade-off.

SOMATIC REPRO

LEAF buds FLOWER buds

vs.

Page 5: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Phenotypic Plasticity• A single organism can have >1

phenotype• Depending on environment, 1 tree can

have multiple life history patterns (differences in SOMATIC and REPRO effort within one tree)

Theory 1. Phenotypic plasticity

Page 6: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Phenotypic Plasticity• Trees with greater annual energy

available will have greater reproduction.

Theory 2. Sunlight affects reproductive effort

Page 7: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Age & Reproduction• All organisms need time for

development before they begin to reproduce (mature)

Theory 3. Age affects reproduction

Page 8: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Field methodsGroups of 4 or 5Go to either sunny or shady site (as

assigned) and survey 20 trees.1) Record number of leaf buds and flower buds per 40 buds on each tree. If you’re in the roadside environment, you’ll do 20 on the sunny side and 20 on the shady side. Data sheet is on page 63.2) Measure the DBH (cm) of each tree trunk.

Page 9: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Dogwood Identification (Winter)

Flower buds(reproductive)

Leaf bud(somatic)

Both

Page 10: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Bark: dark brown with squarish, scaly blocks.

Young trees will be smooth and not as distinctive.

Page 11: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Terminal Buds

Examples of different numbers of bud scales

Dogwood with two bud scales. Twigs are slender, green or purple.

Page 12: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Leaf Scars

Dogwood leaf scars are opposite, small, and encircle twig.

Example of alternate leaf scars

Opposite leaf scars

Terminal bud

Page 13: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

Dogwood Identification

Flowers: white, four petals (spring)

Fruit: bright red, in clusters (late summer, fall)

Leaves: opposite, veins curved

Page 14: Reproductive and  Somatic Effort  in Dogwoods

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