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Reproductive success and pollination systemof physic nut (Jatropha curcasL.)
in Pakuwon, West Java
Endah Retno Palupi1, Ade Sukma Ahmad2 and Eni Randriani31Dept. Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University
2Alumni of Dept. Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University3Indonesian Centre for Estate Crops Research and Development
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Background
1.Accessions have been explored and collected
2.Productivity is low, therefore needs to be improved3.Mass selection increases productivity of the
improved-population (IP)
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1. Productivity of IP-1: 4-5 t/ha/yr (after fourth year)
2. Productivity of IP-2: 7-8 t/ha/yr (after fourth year)3. Productivity of IP-3: about 9-10 t/ha/yr (under
observation)
4. Long term breeding plan: introgression, i.e. cross-
pollination
Background
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Objectives
1. To investigate the reproductive success of the
accessions2. To study pollination system ofJatropha
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Material and methods
Study site
Jatropha Seed OrchardPakuwon, Sukabumi, West Java
MaterialsFour years old trees from four accessions i.e.Lampung, Banten, West Java and Central Java
Research periodApril - July 2007
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Material and methods
Reproductive success: the number of ovuleswhich develop into viable seeds (Wiens et al., 1987)
Observation on 20 trees each of the four accessions (OP):no. pistilate (female) flower/inflorescenceno. staminate (male) flower/inflorescenceno. fruit/inflorescenceno. ovule/pistil
no. seed/mature fruit
Data analysis: completely randomized design
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Male, female and hermaphroditic flowers
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OVULES
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Material and methods
Pollination system
1. SP-intra: self-pollinated with pollen from the same
inflorescence
2. SP-inter: self-pollinated with pollen from different
inflorescence of the same plant
3. CP-intra: cross-pollinated between plants within an
accession4. CP-inter: cross-pollinated between accessions (acc.
South Sulawesi was used as pollen donor)
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Controlled pollination
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Observations:
fruit set from self- and cross-pollination
index of self-incompatibilitygermination percentage
speed of germination
Data analysis: split-plot design
Material and methods
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Research Results
Accession Inflo/tree Stam. inflo (%) Female fl./inflo
Lampung 3.75b 14.10 5.21
Banten 5.02a 21.36 5.50
W Java 2.58c 15.09 3.70
C Java 3.26bc 17.14 5.02
Reproductive characters of the four accession
Note: Average of 20 trees/accession
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Research Results
Reproductive success of the four accessions
Accession Fl/Inf Ov/Fl Fr/Inf Sd/Fr Fr/Fl Sd/Ov RS
Lampung 4.93 3.01 3.80 2.36 0.77ab 0.78 0.61b
Banten 5.33 3.00 3.69 2.27 0.69b 0.76 0.53b
W Java 3.50 3.01 2.62 2.28 0.75b 0.76 0.59b
C Java 4.63 3.02 3.98 2.57 0.86a 0.85 0.73a
Note: Inf: inflorescence, Fl: flower, Ov: ovule, Fr: fruit, Sd: seed,RS: reproductive success
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Research Results
Index of self-incompatibility (ISI): ratio of fruit setfrom self-pollination to cross-pollination
ISI classification (Zapata and Arroyo, 1978):
1. ISI1 self-compatible
2. 0.2
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Pollination
Fruit set
(%)
Seed set
(%)
Fruit
abortion (%) ISI
SP-intra 75 54 26
0.98
partially self-incompatible
SP-inter 60 47 41
CP-intra 64 45 33
CP-inter 73 55 27
Average 68 50 32
Research Results
Fruit set and seed set from self- and cross-pollination
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Accession SP-intra SP-inter CP-intra CP-inter
Lampung 96.67a 82.22abcde 81.82abcde 69.84e
Banten 90.48ab 92.31ab 90.91ab 97.44a
W Java 72.22de 73.33cde 89.58abc 77.08bcde
C Java 95.83a 88.89abcd 85.97abcde 40.48f
Effect of accession and pollination systemon germination percentage
Research Results
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NORMAL AND ABNORMAL SEEDLINGS
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Research Results
Accession SP-intra SP-inter CP-intra CP-inter
Lampung 8.53ab 7.47bcd 7.42bcd 6.55cd
Banten 8.00abc
8.18ab
8.13ab
9.30a
W Java 6.60cd 6.39d 8.33ab 7.20bcd
C Java 8.34ab 7.99abc 8.24ab 3.53e
Effect of accession and pollination systemon speed of germination (%/day)
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Conclusion
1.The highest reproductive success was from WestJava of 0.73 and the lowest from Banten of
0.53.
2.Jatropha is partly self-incompatible with index ofself-incompatibility of 0.98
3.Pollen source did not affect fruit set and seed setbut seed germination and speed of germination
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Acknowledgement
Indonesian Centre for Estate CropsResearch and Development
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TERIMA KASIH
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