Reproductive SystemReproductive System

Mrs. MorganMrs. Morgan

BiologyBiology

Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction

Where only one parent passes on a duplicate of all of Where only one parent passes on a duplicate of all of its genes to offspring. This means that asexually its genes to offspring. This means that asexually produced offspring can only be genetically identical produced offspring can only be genetically identical copies, or clones, of the parent. copies, or clones, of the parent.

Examples are…budding, regeneration, and fission. Examples are…budding, regeneration, and fission.

Source: www.ubqool.comSource: wolvesonceroamed.com Source: www.excellup.com

Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction

Where a haploid sperm fertilizes a haploid Where a haploid sperm fertilizes a haploid egg, generating a diploid offspring.egg, generating a diploid offspring.

External fertilization is when the union of External fertilization is when the union of egg and sperm takes place outside of the egg and sperm takes place outside of the bodies of either parent.bodies of either parent.

Internal fertilization is when sperm are Internal fertilization is when sperm are taken into the body of the female, where taken into the body of the female, where fertilization occurs.fertilization occurs.

GametesGametesIn humans the reproductive system In humans the reproductive system produces, stores, nourishes, and releases produces, stores, nourishes, and releases specialized sex cells known as specialized sex cells known as GAMETES.GAMETES.

In males, testes are the primary In males, testes are the primary reproductive organs.reproductive organs.

In females, ovaries are the primary In females, ovaries are the primary reproductive organs.reproductive organs.

SpermSperm ++ EggEgg (fertilization)(fertilization) = = zygotezygote

PubertyPuberty

Puberty is a period of rapid growth and Puberty is a period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the sexual maturation during which the reproductive systems become fully reproductive systems become fully functional. At the completion of puberty functional. At the completion of puberty the male and female GONADS the male and female GONADS (reproductive organs) are fully developed. (reproductive organs) are fully developed. Puberty occurs between the ages of 9-15 Puberty occurs between the ages of 9-15 and occurs a year earlier in females than and occurs a year earlier in females than in males.in males.

PubertyPuberty

FEMALEFEMALE

*breasts grow & *breasts grow & developdevelop

*pubic hair appears*pubic hair appears

*ovaries enlarge*ovaries enlarge

*underarm hair*underarm hair

*sweat glands enlarge*sweat glands enlarge

*fat in hips, butt, & *fat in hips, butt, & breastsbreasts

*acne*acne

MALEMALE

*testes grow & drop*testes grow & drop

*sperm production*sperm production

*pubic hair*pubic hair

*penis grows*penis grows

*voice deepens*voice deepens

*increase muscular *increase muscular strengthstrength

*underarm hair*underarm hair

*acne*acne

*sweat glands enlarge*sweat glands enlarge

Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System

TestesTestes

Testes are the primary Testes are the primary reproductive organs in reproductive organs in males. Testes remain males. Testes remain in the scrotum. The in the scrotum. The temperature is 1-3* temperature is 1-3* lower than the internal lower than the internal temperature of the temperature of the body. Sperm body. Sperm development in the development in the testes needs the lower testes needs the lower temperature.temperature.

Source: http://nursingcrib.com

Seminiferous TubulesSeminiferous Tubules

Seminiferous tubules Seminiferous tubules is where sperm are is where sperm are produced.produced.

Source: www.mcatzone.com

EpididymisEpididymis

The epididymis is The epididymis is where sperm mature, where sperm mature, develop their develop their swimming ability, and swimming ability, and are stored.are stored.

The epididymis is The epididymis is approximately 15-20 approximately 15-20 feet long and the feet long and the diameter of pencil diameter of pencil lead.lead.

http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu

Vas DeferensVas Deferens

The vas deferens is a The vas deferens is a tube leading sperm tube leading sperm out of the testes.out of the testes.

The vas deferens is The vas deferens is 17 inches long.17 inches long.

It is what is cut for a It is what is cut for a vasectomy.vasectomy.

Source: www.lifespan.org

Cowper’s GlandCowper’s GlandThe Cowper’s gland is The Cowper’s gland is also known as also known as bulbourethral gland.bulbourethral gland.

Empties secretions into Empties secretions into urethra before urethra before ejaculation; adds ejaculation; adds lubricating and protective lubricating and protective mucus to semen, mucus to semen, removes urine from removes urine from urethra, and helps urethra, and helps neutralize any acidity in neutralize any acidity in the urethra; it is possible the urethra; it is possible to have a small amount of to have a small amount of sperm present.sperm present.

Source: http://anatomy.iupui.edu

UrethraUrethra

The urethra conducts The urethra conducts urine from the bladder urine from the bladder to the tip of the penis to the tip of the penis and also receives and also receives secretions from ducts secretions from ducts and glands.and glands.

Source: www.beliefnet.com

Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System

Source: http://library.thinkquest.org

Female Reproductive SystemFemale Reproductive System

OvariesOvariesOvaries are the primary Ovaries are the primary reproductive organs in reproductive organs in females. About the size of a females. About the size of a walnut.walnut.

The female body usually only The female body usually only releases one egg per month.releases one egg per month.

Each time an ovum (egg) is Each time an ovum (egg) is released the female body must released the female body must prepare to nourish a prepare to nourish a developing embryo.developing embryo.

Females are born with about Females are born with about 400,000 immature ova (eggs) 400,000 immature ova (eggs) in her ovaries and does not in her ovaries and does not produce any new eggs during produce any new eggs during her lifetime. Fewer than 500 her lifetime. Fewer than 500 ova will actually be released.ova will actually be released. Source: www.womenshealth.gov

Fallopian TubesFallopian Tubes

Fallopian Tube is Fallopian Tube is approximately 4 inches approximately 4 inches long.long.

One of the two One of the two fallopian tubes fallopian tubes transport the egg from transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus.the ovary to the uterus.

Also known as…Also known as…oviduct or uterine oviduct or uterine tubes.tubes.

UterusUterus

The uterus is a hollow The uterus is a hollow pear-shaped organ pear-shaped organ located in the woman’s located in the woman’s lower abdomen lower abdomen between the bladder between the bladder and the rectum.and the rectum.

Each month the uterus Each month the uterus prepares for prepares for implantation of a implantation of a fertilized egg.fertilized egg.

Source: medicinenet.com Source: www.urogynecologycenter.com

CervixCervix

The cervix is the The cervix is the lower, narrow portion lower, narrow portion of the uterus, where it of the uterus, where it joins with the top end joins with the top end of the vagina.of the vagina.

It is about 1inch longIt is about 1inch long

Source: www.wikipedia.com Source: www.wa-wc.com

VaginaVagina

The vagina is the The vagina is the female internal sex female internal sex organ that begins on organ that begins on the outside at the the outside at the vaginal opening and vaginal opening and extends about three extends about three to five inches inside, to five inches inside, ending at the cervix, ending at the cervix, or neck of the uterus or neck of the uterus (womb). (womb).

Source: www.health.discovery.com Source: www.health.nytimes.com

The Menstrual CycleThe Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle takes an average of The menstrual cycle takes an average of about 28 days.about 28 days.

The menstrual cycle involves the The menstrual cycle involves the development and the release of an egg for development and the release of an egg for fertilization and the preparation of the fertilization and the preparation of the uterus to receive a fertilized egg. If an egg uterus to receive a fertilized egg. If an egg is not fertilized it is discharged along with is not fertilized it is discharged along with the lining of the uterus.the lining of the uterus.

Follicle PhaseFollicle Phase

Estrogen level in the blood is lowEstrogen level in the blood is low

Hormones cause follicle to develop to maturityHormones cause follicle to develop to maturity

As the follicle develops, the cells around the As the follicle develops, the cells around the ovum enlarge and begin to produce increased ovum enlarge and begin to produce increased amounts of estrogenamounts of estrogen

Estrogen levels in the blood increase as the Estrogen levels in the blood increase as the follicle increasesfollicle increases

Estrogen causes the lining of the uterus to Estrogen causes the lining of the uterus to thicken in preparation for receiving a fertilized thicken in preparation for receiving a fertilized eggegg

Takes approximately 10 daysTakes approximately 10 days

OvulationOvulation

Shortest phaseShortest phase

Occurs about day 14 – midway through Occurs about day 14 – midway through the cyclethe cycle

Lasts 3-4 daysLasts 3-4 days

FSH and LH hormones increase causing FSH and LH hormones increase causing the follicle to rupture and a mature ovum is the follicle to rupture and a mature ovum is released.released.

Luteal PhaseLuteal PhaseHormone progesterone is releasedHormone progesterone is released

Blood supply is increased, the tissue matures, and the Blood supply is increased, the tissue matures, and the lining is fully prepared to accept a fertilized egglining is fully prepared to accept a fertilized egg

The first 2 days of the phase, immediately after The first 2 days of the phase, immediately after ovulation, the chances of an egg being fertilized are the ovulation, the chances of an egg being fertilized are the greatest – 10-14 days after the completion of the last greatest – 10-14 days after the completion of the last cyclecycle

If the egg is fertilized the resulting zygote will divide, after If the egg is fertilized the resulting zygote will divide, after several divisions the ball of cells will implant itself in the several divisions the ball of cells will implant itself in the lining of the uteruslining of the uterus

Within a few days of implantation, the uterus and Within a few days of implantation, the uterus and growing embryo releases hormones that allows the lining growing embryo releases hormones that allows the lining of the uterus to nourish and protect the developing of the uterus to nourish and protect the developing embryoembryo

Menstruation PhaseMenstruation Phase

Within 2-3 days of ovulation, the egg passes Within 2-3 days of ovulation, the egg passes through the uterus without implantationthrough the uterus without implantation

A decrease in estrogen and progesterone in the A decrease in estrogen and progesterone in the blood occurs. Once the level of estrogen falls blood occurs. Once the level of estrogen falls below a certain point, the lining of the uterus below a certain point, the lining of the uterus begins to detach from the uterine wallbegins to detach from the uterine wall

Tissue, blood, and unfertilized egg are Tissue, blood, and unfertilized egg are discharged through the vagina. Lasts 3-7 days. discharged through the vagina. Lasts 3-7 days. Average is 4.Average is 4.

Source: http://media-2.web.britannica.com

Source: http://health.nytimes.com

Female Reproductive SystemFemale Reproductive System

QuizQuiz

1.1. During _________ of the menstrual cycle an During _________ of the menstrual cycle an egg is released.egg is released.

2.2. Why does the uterine lining become thicker?Why does the uterine lining become thicker?

3.3. True/False – Females make new eggs every True/False – Females make new eggs every month.month.

4.4. True/False – Sperm can last for 10 days in the True/False – Sperm can last for 10 days in the female body.female body.

5.5. True/False – Semen and sperm are the exact True/False – Semen and sperm are the exact same thing.same thing.

QuizQuiz

6.6. True/False – Females both urinate and True/False – Females both urinate and menstruate through the vaginal opening.menstruate through the vaginal opening.

7.7. The male gametes are _______ and they The male gametes are _______ and they are held in the _________ and the are held in the _________ and the female gametes are ________ and they female gametes are ________ and they are held in the __________.are held in the __________.

8.8. During MENSTRUATION, what is During MENSTRUATION, what is discharged through the vagina and discharged through the vagina and WHY?WHY?

QuizQuiz

9.9. Where is sperm made?Where is sperm made?

10.10. Where does sperm learn to swim, Where does sperm learn to swim, mature, and get stored?mature, and get stored?

BONUS…Name 5 changes that occur BONUS…Name 5 changes that occur during PUBERTY for YOUR sex.during PUBERTY for YOUR sex.

Answers…Answers…

1. ovulation1. ovulation

2. to prepare to nourish and protect a 2. to prepare to nourish and protect a growing embryogrowing embryo

3. False3. False

4. False4. False

5. False5. False

6. False6. False

Answers (con’t)Answers (con’t)

7. sperm – testes egg – ovaries7. sperm – testes egg – ovaries

8. blood, tissue, and Unfertilized egg 8. blood, tissue, and Unfertilized egg because it is no longer neededbecause it is no longer needed

9. seminiferous tubules9. seminiferous tubules

10. epididymis10. epididymis

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Cocoa, 6 TbspCocoa, 6 Tbsp

Milk, 1 quartMilk, 1 quart

Rolled oats, 3 cupsRolled oats, 3 cups

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8 sandwich size Ziplock bags8 sandwich size Ziplock bags

Sauce panSauce pan

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