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REPTILES OF THE ECUADORIAN AMAZONRapid identification guide.
Alejandro Arteaga*, Jose L Vieira-Fernandes, Lucas Bustamante, Frank Pichardo, Sebastián Di Domenico, Matthijs Hollanders and Gabriela Aguiar.
General layout by Alejandro Arteaga.
Images by Tropical Herping except for Anilius scytale by Andrew Snyder, Amerotyphlops reticulatus by Patrick Campbell, and Peltocephalus dumerilianus by Wolfgang Gessl.
© 2017 Tropical Herping. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without written permission from the authors.
First edition. Printed in Ecuador. The digital edition of this publication can be obtained from www.tropicalherping.com
Recommended citation.Arteaga A, Vieira-Fernandes JL, Bustamante L, Pichardo F, Di Domenico S, Hollanders M, Aguiar G (2017) Reptiles of the Ecuadorian Amazon – Rapid identification guide. Tropical Herping, Quito, 18 pp.
*Corresponding author: Alejandro Arteaga. Phone: +593 984631435. Email: [email protected]
ABBREVIATIONSA=Adult, a=subadult, F=Adult female, f=Subadult female, M=Adult male, m=Subadult male, j=Juvenile.
IUCN RED LIST CATEGORIESCR=Critically Endangered, EN=Endangered, VU=Vulnerable, NT=Near Threatened, LC=Least Concern, DD=Data Deficient.
SPECIES LISTTotal species: 149. Photographed: 123.
1. White Worm-Lizard (Amphisbaena alba) LC
2. Speckled Worm-Lizard (Amphisbaena bassleri) LC
3–4. White Caiman (Caiman crocodilus) LC
5–7. Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) VU
8–9. Crowned Dwarf-Caiman (Paleosuchus trigonatus) LC
10–15. Slender Anole (Anolis fuscoauratus) LC
16–17. Bark Anole (Anolis ortonii) LC
18–20. Spotted Anole (Anolis punctatus) LC
21. Dim Anole (Anolis scypheus) LC
22–23. Roughskin Anole (Anolis trachyderma) LC
24–27. Banded Tree-Anole (Anolis transversalis) LC
28–31. Common House-Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) LC
32. Tropical House-Gecko (Hemidactylus mabouia) LC
33–34. Mourning Gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris) LC
35. Northern Shade-Lizard (Alopoglossus angulatus) LC
36–37. Blackbelly Shade-Lizard (Alopoglossus atriventris) LC
38. Ashy Shade-Lizard (Alopoglossus copii) LC
39. Reticulated Creek-Lizard (Arthrosaura reticulata) LC
40. Striped Bachia (Bachia trisanale) LC
41. Elegant Eyed-Lizard (Cercosaura argula) LC
42–43. White-striped Eyed-Lizard (Cercosaura oshaughnessyi) LC
44. Günther’sOyster-Lizard (Euspondylus guentheri) VU
45. Glossy Shade-Lizard (Iphisa elegans) LC
46–48. Striped Root-Lizard (Loxopholis parietalis) LC
49–51. Common Stream-Lizard (Potamites ecpleopus) LC
52–54. Rainbow Stream-Lizard (Potamites strangulatus) NT
55. Blunt Carbon-Lizard (Ptychoglossus brevifrontalis) LC
56–57. Cofán Dwarf-Iguana (Enyalioides cofanorum) NT
58–61. Amazon Dwarf-Iguana (Enyalioides laticeps) LC
62–63. Blue-throated Dwarf-Iguana (Enyalioides microlepis) LC
64–65. Southern Turniptail (Thecadactylus solimoensis) LC
66. Smooth-bellied Bush-Anole (Polychrus liogaster) DD
67. Common Bush-Anole (Polychrus marmoratus) LC
68. Black-spotted Skink (Mabuya nigropunctata) LC
69–71. Yellow-headed Sun-Gecko (Gonatodes caudiscutatus) LC
72–73. Bridled Sun-Gecko (Gonatodes concinnatus) LC
74–75. Rainbow Sun-Gecko (Gonatodes humeralis) LC
76. Pygmy Forest-Gecko (Pseudogonatodes guianensis) LC
77. Giant Whiptail (Ameiva ameiva) LC
78. Northern Caiman-Lizard (Dracaena guianensis) LC
79–80. Forest Whiptail (Kentropyx pelviceps) LC
81. Cuzco Tegu (Tupinambis cuzcoensis) LC
82. Collared Tree-Runner (Plica plica) LC
83–84. Blue-lipped Tree-Runner (Plica umbra) LC
85. Tropical Thornytail-Iguana (Uracentron flaviceps) LC
86. Pipe Snake (Anilius scytale) LC
87–88. Red-tailed Boa (Boa constrictor) LC
89–90. Emerald Tree-Boa (Corallus batesii) NT
91–93. Amazon Tree-Boa (Corallus hortulanus) LC
94–95. Rainbow Boa (Epicrates cenchria) LC
96. Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus) LC
97. Coral Groundsnake (Atractus elaps) LC
98–100. Greater Groundsnake (Atractus major) LC
101. Coffee Groundsnake (Atractus snethlageae) LC
102. Green Whipsnake (Chironius exoletus) LC
103–104. Brown Whipsnake (Chironius fuscus) LC
105. Long-tailed Whipsnake (Chironius multiventris) LC
106–108. Rusty Whipsnake (Chironius scurrulus) LC
109–110. Common Mussurana (Clelia clelia) LC
111. OliveForest-Racer (Dendrophidion dendrophis) LC
112. OrnateSnail-Eater (Dipsas catesbyi) LC
113–114. Neotropical Snail-Eater (Dipsas indica) LC
115. PavonineSnail-Eater (Dipsas pavonina) LC
116. Black-collared Snake (Drepanoides anomalus) LC
117. Yellowtail Cribo (Drymarchon corais) LC
118. Diamond Racer (Drymobius rhombifer) LC
119–120. Glossy Racer (Drymoluber dichrous) LC
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121. Aesculapian False-Coralsnake (Erythrolamprus aesculapii) LC
122. Banded Marsh-Snake (Erythrolamprus festae) LC
123. Pygmy Marsh-Snake (Erythrolamprus pygmaeus) NT
124. Royal Marsh-Snake (Erythrolamprus reginae) LC
125. Small-eyed Marsh-Snake (Erythrolamprus typhlus) LC
126. Tiger Watersnake (Helicops angulatus) LC
127. Mottled Watersnake (Helicops pastazae) LC
128. Hammer Watersnake (Hydrops martii) LC
129. Triangle Watersnake (Hydrops triangularis) LC
130–131. Common Blunthead (Imantodes cenchoa) LC
132. Spectacled Blunthead (Imantodes lentiferus) LC
133. Banded Cat-eyed Snake (Leptodeira annulata) LC
134. Copper Parrot-Snake (Leptophis cupreus) DD
135. Black-lined Parrot-Snake (Leptophis nigromarginatus) LC
136. Common Tropical-Racer (Mastigodryas boddaerti) LC
137. Amazon Coffee-Snake (Ninia hudsoni) LC
138. Brown Vinesnake (Oxybelis aeneus) LC
139. Green Vinensake (Oxybelis fulgidus) LC
140–142. Amazon Flame-Snake (Oxyrhopus digitalis) LC
143–144. Yellow-headed Flame-Snake (Oxyrhopus occipitalis) LC
145. Impostor Flame-Snake (Oxyrhopus vanidicus) LC
146. Striped Vinesnake (Philodryas argentea) LC
147–148. CommonPuffing-Snake (Phrynonax polylepis) LC
149. South American Pond-Snake (Pseudoeryx plicatilis) LC
150. Painted Liana-Snake (Siphlophis cervinus) LC
151. Red-eyed Liana-Snake (Siphlophis compressus) LC
152. Tiger Ratsnake (Spilotes pullatus) LC
153. Yellow-belliedPuffing-Snake (Spilotes sulphureus) LC
154. LaSalle’sShadow-Snake (Synophis lasallei) VU
155. Short-nosed Litter-Snake (Taeniophallus brevirostris) LC
156–157. Black-headed Centipede-Snake (Tantilla melanocephala) LC
158. Common False Fer-de-Lance (Xenodon rabdocephalus) LC
159. Red Leaf-Litter Snake (Xenopholis scalaris) LC
160. Western Ribbon-Coralsnake (Micrurus helleri) LC
161. Black-backed Coralsnake (Micrurus melanotus) LC
162. Black-necked Coralsnake (Micrurus obscurus) LC
163. OrnateCoralsnake (Micrurus ornatissimus) LC
164–165. Western Worm-eating Coralsnake (Micrurus ortoni) LC
166. Aquatic Coralsnake (Micrurus surinamensis) LC
167. Reticulated Worm-Snake (Amerotyphlops reticulatus) LC
168. Two-linedForest-Pitviper (Bothriopsis bilineata) LC
169–171. SpeckledForest-Pitviper (Bothriopsis taeniata) LC
172. Amazonian Toadhead (Bothrocophias hyoprora) LC
173. Fer-de-Lance (Bothrops atrox) LC
174. Brazil’sLancehead (Bothrops brazili) LC
175. Amazonian Bushmaster (Lachesis muta) VU
176–177. Matamata (Chelus fimbriatus) NT
178. Humpback Toadhead-Turtle (Mesoclemmys gibba) NT
179–180. Bearded Turtle (Phrynops geoffroanus) NT
181. Twist-necked Turtle (Platemys platycephala) NT
182–183. Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta) LC
184–185. Scorpion Mud-Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) NT
186–187. Big-headedRiver-Turtle (Peltocephalus dumerilianus) DD
188–189. GiantRiver-Turtle (Podocnemis expansa) EN
190–192. MottledRiver-Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) VU
193–195. Yellow-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulata) NT
N ot yet photographed: 26
196. Blue-throated Anole (Anolis bombiceps) DD
197. Long-sleevedEyed-Lizard (Cercosaura manicata) NT
198. SpottedOyster-Lizard (Euspondylus maculatus) DD
199. Ringed Spinytail-Iguana (Morunasaurus annularis) LC
200. Upper-Amazon Skink (Mabuya altamazonica) LC
201. Upper-Amazon Whiptail (Kentropyx altamazonica) LC
202. Collared Groundsnake (Atractus collaris) LC
203. Seven-linedGroundsnake (Atractus gaigeae) DD
204. White-naped Groundsnake (Atractus occipitoalbus) LC
205.WavySnake (Echinanthera undulata) LC
206. Short-snouted Snake (Erythrolamprus breviceps) VU
207. Günther’sFalse-Coralsnake (Erythrolamprus guentheri) NT
208. Eastern False-Coralsnake (Erythrolamprus mimus) LC
209. Cornaline Marsh-Snake (Erythrolamprus taeniogaster) LC
210. Ivory-napedSnake (Eutrachelophis bassleri) DD
211. Leopard Watersnake (Helicops leopardinus) LC
212. Emerald Palmsnake (Philodryas viridissima) LC
213. Amazon Scarlet Snake (Pseudoboa coronata) NT
214. Splendid Harlequin-Snake (Rhinobothryum lentiginosum) NT
215. Amazon House-Snake (Thamnodynastes pallidus) LC
216. Amazon False Fer-de-Lance (Xenodon severus) LC
217. Confused Coralsnake (Micrurus langsdorffi) VU
218. Pigmy Slender-Coralsnake (Micrurus scutiventris) DD
219. Amazon Thread-Snake (Epictia signata) DD
220. SunflowerToadhead-Turtle (Mesoclemmys heliostemma) VU
221. Amazonian Toadhead-Turtle (Mesoclemmys raniceps) NT
Help us conserve the 149 reptiles that call the Ecuadorian Amazon their home by donating at www.fjocotoco.org
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1. Amphisbaena alba (A) 2. Amphisbaena bassleri (A) 3. Caiman crocodilus (a) 4. Caiman crocodilus (j) 5. Melanosuchus niger (A)
6. Melanosuchus niger (a)
11. Anolis fuscoauratus (F)
7. Melanosuchus niger (j)
12. Anolis fuscoauratus (F)
8. Paleosuchus trigonatus (A)
13. Anolis fuscoauratus (F)
9. Paleosuchus trigonatus (j)
14. Anolis fuscoauratus (F)
10. Anolis fuscoauratus (m)
15. Anolis fuscoauratus (j)
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16. Anolis ortonii (M)
21. Anolis scypheus (M)
26. Anolis transversalis (F)
17. Anolis ortonii (F)
22. Anolis trachyderma (M)
27. Anolis transversalis (f)
18. Anolis punctatus (M)
23. Anolis trachyderma (F)
28. Hemidactylus frenatus (A)
19. Anolis punctatus (F)
24. Anolis transversalis (M)
29. Hemidactylus frenatus (A)
20. Anolis punctatus (j)
25. Anolis transversalis (M)
30. Hemidactylus frenatus (A)
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31. Hemidactylus frenatus (j)
36. Alopoglossus atriventris (M)
41. Cercosaura argula (F)
32. Hemidactylus mabouia (A)
37. Alopoglossus atriventris (F)
42. Cercosaura oshaughnessyi (M)
33. Lepidodactylus lugubris (F)
38. Alopoglossus copii (M)
43. Cercosaura oshaughnessyi (F)
34. Lepidodactylus lugubris (F)
39. Arthrosaura reticulata (F)
44. Euspondylus guentheri (A)
35. Alopoglossus angulatus (M)
40. Bachia trisanale (a)
45. Iphisa elegans (A)
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46. Loxopholis parietalis (M)
51. Potamites ecpleopus (F)
56. Enyalioides cofanorum (F)
47. Loxopholis parietalis (F)
52. Potamites strangulatus (m)
57. Enyalioides cofanorum (j)
48. Loxopholis parietalis (j)
53. Potamites strangulatus (F)
58. Enyalioides laticeps (M)
49. Potamites ecpleopus (M)
54. Potamites strangulatus (F)
59. Enyalioides laticeps (m)
50. Potamites ecpleopus (m)
55. Ptychoglossus brevifrontalis (A)
60. Enyalioides laticeps (F)
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61. Enyalioides laticeps (j)
66. Polychrus liogaster (j)
71. Gonatodes caudiscutatus (F)
62. Enyalioides microlepis (M)
67. Polychrus marmoratus (A)
72. Gonatodes concinnatus (M)
63. Enyalioides microlepis (F)
68. Mabuya nigropunctata (A)
73. Gonatodes concinnatus (F)
64. Thecadactylus solimoensis (M)
69. Gonatodes caudiscutatus (M)
74. Gonatodes humeralis (M)
65. Thecadactylus solimoensis (j)
70. Gonatodes caudiscutatus (M)
75. Gonatodes humeralis (F)
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76. Pseudogonatodes guianensis (A)
81. Tupinambis cuzcoensis (M)
86. Anilius scytale (A)
77. Ameiva ameiva (j)
82. Plica plica (j)
87. Boa constrictor (A)
78. Dracaena guianensis (F)
83. Plica umbra (M)
88. Boa constrictor (j)
79. Kendropyx pelviceps (F)
84. Plica umbra (F)
89. Corallus batesii (A)
80. Kendropyx pelviceps (j)
85. Uracentron flaviceps (M)
90. Corallus batesii (j)
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91. Corallus hortulanus (A)
96. Eunectes murinus (A)
101. Atractus snethlageae (A)
92. Corallus hortulanus (A)
97. Atractus elaps (A)
102. Chironius exoletus (A)
93. Corallus hortulanus (j)
98. Atractus major (A)
103. Chironius fuscus (a)
94. Epicrates cenchria (A)
99. Atractus major (a)
104. Chironius fuscus (j)
95. Epicrates cenchria (j)
100. Atractus major (j)
105. Chironius multiventris (a)
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106. Chironius scurrulus (A)
111. Dendrophidion dendrophis (j)
116. Drepanoides anomalus (j)
107. Chironius scurrulus (a)
112. Dipsas catesbyi (A)
117. Drymarchon corais (j)
108. Chironius scurrulus (j)
113. Dipsas indica (A)
118. Drymobius rhombifer (A)
109. Clelia clelia (A)
114. Dipsas indica (a)
119. Drymoluber dichrous (A)
110. Clelia clelia (j)
115. Dipsas pavonina (A)
120. Drymoluber dichrous (j)
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121. Erythrolamprus aesculapii (A)
126. Helicops angulatus (A)
131. Imantodes cenchoa (A)
122. Erythrolamprus festae (A)
127. Helicops pastazae (A)
132. Imantodes lentiferus (A)
123. Erythrolamprus pygmaeus (j)
128. Hydrops martii (A)
133. Leptodeira annulata (A)
124. Erythrolamprus reginae (A)
129. Hydrops triangularis (A)
134. Leptophis cupreus (A)
125. Erythrolamprus typhlus (A)
130. Imantodes cenchoa (A)
135. Leptophis nigromarginatus (A)
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136. Mastigodryas boddaerti (A)
141. Oxyrhopus digitalis (F)
146. Philodryas argentea (A)
137. Ninia hudsoni (A)
142. Oxyrhopus digitalis (j)
147. Phrynonax polylepis (A)
138. Oxybelis aeneus (A)
143. Oxyrhopus occipitalis (A)
148. Phrynonax polylepis (j)
139. Oxybelis fulgidus (A)
144. Oxyrhopus occipitalis (j)
149. Pseudoeryx plicatilis (A)
140. Oxyrhopus digitalis (M)
145. Oxyrhopus vanidicus (A)
150. Siphlophis cervinus (A)
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151. Siphlophis compressus (A)
156. Tantilla melanocephala (A)
161. Micrurus melanotus (A)
152. Spilotes pullatus (A)
157. Tantilla melanocephala (j)
162. Micrurus obscurus (A)
153. Spilotes sulphureus (A)
158. Xenodon rabdocephalus (A)
163. Micrurus ornatissimus (A)
154. Synophis lasallei (A)
159. Xenopholis scalaris (A)
164. Micrurus ortoni (A)
155. Taeniophallus brevirostris (j)
160. Micrurus helleri (A)
165. Micrurus ortoni (A)
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166. Micrurus surinamensis (A)
171. Bothriopsis taeniata (j)
176. Chelus fimbriatus (A)
167. Amerotyphlops reticulatus (A)
172. Bothrocophias hyoprora (A)
177. Chelus fimbriatus (j)
168. Bothriopsis bilineata (A)
173. Bothrops atrox (A)
178. Mesoclemmys gibba (A)
169. Bothriopsis taeniata (A)
174. Bothrops brazili (A)
179. Phyrnops geoffroanus (A)
170. Bothriopsis taeniata (A)
175. Lachesis muta (A)
180. Phyrnops geoffroanus (j)
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181. Platemys platycephala (A)
186. Peltocephalus dumerilianus (A)
191. Podocnemis unifilis (a)
182. Trachyemis elegans (A)
187. Peltocephalus dumerilianus (j)
192. Podocnemis unifilis (j)
183. Trachyemis elegans (a)
188. Podocnemis expansa (A)
193. Chelonoidis denticulata (A)
184. Kinosternon scorpioides (A)
189. Podocnemis expansa (j)
194. Chelonoidis denticulata (A)
185. Kinosternon scorpioides (A)
190. Podocnemis unifilis (A)
195. Chelonoidis denticulata (j)
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