T.C. XI/266, Keston Road, Kowdiar, Thiruvananthapuram - 695003 Tel: 0471-2318922, Fax: 0471-2315892 Request For Proposal (Global Competitive Bidding under Swiss Challenge Method) FOR Development of Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum 300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for Thiruvananthapuram Cluster under Public Private Partnership Tender No: KSIDC/PMU/W2E/14/2020 24 th March 2020
and manage integrated solid waste management with collection, segregation,
transportation, processing and disposal in identified Cluster as per requisite norms
and standards prescribed by regulatory authorities.
10.1.2. To ensure compliance with the Guidelines & Polices issued by the concerned
Government (Government of India and Government of Kerala), both present and
future, with regard to solid waste management.
10.1.3. To design and set up modern Waste to Energy plant at Project Site of minimum
processing capacity of 300 TPD using the similar technology detailed in Appendix
VII of this RFP document or a better technology by which the development of plant
can be completed with in the time frame given in the Swiss Challenge proposal. The
selected Private Partner shall strive to achieve complete elimination of landfill
requirement but in no circumstances, the landfill shall be more than 10% of waste
received at the Site (to be monitored on a monthly basis).
10.1.4. To collect, segregate and transport solid waste from collection bins in the identified
Cluster. (Participating LSGIs of each cluster);
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of
minimum 300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at
Vizhinjam for Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 21
The collection herein would mean a bin based secondary collection to ensure
maximum coverage of waste collection from the city. The responsibility to undertake
the door to door collection, collection from public spaces, street cleaning and
delivering to the bins provided by the concessionaire at the designated collection
points shall be vested with the participating LSGIs. The location of bins and
concessionaire‟s collection points will be decided depending on area and population
and with mutual consultation between LSGI and Concessionaire.
10.1.5. To transport solid waste to the Processing Facility with minimal handling and limited
inter-vehicle transfers using best practices in vehicle planning, scheduling &
handling to ensure no accumulation at a particular location for more than defined
time;
10.1.6. To preferably segregate the waste (if required) at source by educating and creating
awareness among customers and by providing different collection containers for
biodegradable and non- biodegradable wastes.
10.1.7. To segregate the non-usable and non-biodegradable waste viz. Plastic, Metal, Glass,
Electronics & Other items and recycle /reprocess them through own units or sell
them to re-processors/ recyclers/ Govt. authorized agencies. Other wastes such as
Rubber, Tyre, Upholstery, Bags etc. may be sold to cement or other factories as
energy source. The resources recovery shall be carried out at the cost and risk of the
Concessionaire. It shall also be ensured that no part of Construction & Demolition
waste is used in the plant.
10.1.8. To process the leachate in accordance with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
standards and in case of requirement, to develop Sanitary Landfill of Designed
Capacity and set up a leachate treatment facility at the site;
10.1.9. To develop the surrounding of the plant with greenhouse concept having plants,
lawns, gardens etc. as model spot for educating students/ public on environmental
protection and best environment practices.
10.1.10. To do Operation and maintenance of the Processing Facilities and Sanitary Landfills
by adhering to the pollution control standards for air, water and land prescribed by
Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) and Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB );
10.1.11. To install and operate the plant in full compliance with all laws of the land including
Solid Waste Management Rules (2016) at all times.
10.1.12. To treat the flue gas vented to atmosphere adequately by scrubbing, neutralization
and filtering or any combination of technologies so that the air pollution and other
environmental laws and their amendments within the acceptance level as per
statutory requirements.
10.1.13. To Develop and Manage ICT infrastructure for the project including but not limited
to GPS tracking of vehicles, electronic weigh bridges at Project Site, surveillance
cameras at Project Site etc.
Concessionaire shall provide all assistance in case the Authority is to undertake on its
own or through a Third Party Monitoring Entity (Independent Engineer) the
Development and Management of Information Communication and Technology
(ICT) and IOT (with sensors and video analytics) infrastructure for monitoring the
project, including but not limited to, GPS tracking of vehicles, Sensor based weight
measurement in transportation vehicles, electronic weigh bridges at Project Site,
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of
minimum 300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at
Vizhinjam for Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 22
surveillance cameras at Project Site etc. and a central command centre for all Waste
Management Projects in Kerala.
10.1.14. To deploy its representatives in each participating LSGIs for prompt cognizance and
redressal of any service complaint related to one or more of concessionaire's
obligation.
10.2. The Draft Concession Agreement sets forth the detailed terms and conditions for grant of the
concession to the Concessionaire, including the scope of the Concessionaire‟s services and
obligations (the “Concession”). A detailed Scope of work is provided in “Schedule A” of
Concession Agreement.
10.3. The statements and explanations contained in this Request for Proposal (the “RFP”
document) are intended to provide a better understanding to the Bidders about the subject
matter of this RFP and should not be construed or interpreted as limiting in any way or
manner the scope of services and obligations of the Concessionaire set forth in the Draft
Concession Agreement or the Authority‟s rights to amend, alter, change, supplement or
clarify the scope of work, the Concession to be awarded pursuant to this RFP or the terms
thereof or herein contained. Consequently, any omissions, conflicts or contradictions in the
Bidding Documents including this RFP are to be noted, interpreted and applied appropriately
to give effect to this intent, and no claims on that account shall be entertained by the
Authority.
11. ROLE OF THE AUTHORITY
11.1. The broad scope for the Authority shall be as below:
11.1.1. To earmark a Project Site admeasuring to 15 Acres in Sy Nos. 269,270,271,
272,273,274,275,283,284,286 and 287 at Vizhinjam Village in Neyyattinkara Thaluk
in Thiruvananthapuram district. .. and provide the same on lease of Rs. 100/- per
annum per acre to SPV for a concession period of 25 years for Waste Processing.
11.1.2. To provide all assistance in seeking the requisite clearances and approvals from
regulatory authorities of Government of India and Government of Kerala.
11.1.3. To ensure collection of minimum of 300 TPD from the identified cluster by the
LSGIs and to put in place an appropriate mechanism, which will make it mandatory
for the participating LSGIs to contribute solid waste based on their population,
economic activities, tourism and other features. In case LSGI fails to assure the
minimum assured quantity, LSGIs, will be liable to pay penalty to SPV calculated at
25% of the corresponding year Tipping Fee per ton for each ton of shortfall. The
penalty shall be payable only if the monthly average of quantity received at the Site
is below 90% of assured quantity.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
400 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Section C
INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS (ITB)
12. INTRODUCTION
12.1. This Section aims to provide guidelines/instructions to the Participants, to be used while
submitting the Bid. These are generic in nature, but Bidders are required to abide by them
during the currency of the Project.
13. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF BIDDING PROCESS
13.1. Based on the unsolicited proposal for the development of an integrated solid waste
management project with a waste to energy plant the Authority has adopted a Swiss
Challenge based Single-Stage Two Cover bidding process under the electronic tendering (e-
tender) procedure of Government of Kerala for selection of the Bidder for award of the
Project (the "Bidding Process") and invites Bids from eligible parties, (which expression
shall, unless repugnant to the context include the members of the Consortium) for the Project
in accordance with the terms of this RFP. The first Cover (the “Fee/Prequalification/Technical
Proposal”) of the Bidding Process involves evidence of payment of tender fee & submission
of bid security, pre-qualification of interested parties on the basis of their Technical &
Financial Capacity (the “Prequalification Stage”) and their Technical Proposal (the
“Technical Proposal Stage”). At the end of the Prequalification Stage, the Authority shall
short list Bidders whose “Financial” cover containing price bid are eligible for opening during
the financial proposal evaluation stage. In the price bid, the proposers are required to quote
Tipping Fee as specified in Clause 28.4.
13.2. After Technical Proposal Stage and subject to requirements of the RFP, the Tipping Fee
shall constitute the sole criteria for evaluation of bids and the selection of the Successful
Bidder.
14. CONDITIONS FOR BIDDING
14.1. A Bidder is eligible to submit only one bid for the Project.
14.2. A bidder bidding individually or as a member of a consortium shall not be entitled to submit
another bid either individually or as a member of any Consortium, as the case may be.
14.3. While Qualification is open to persons from any country, the following provisions shall
apply:
(a) Where, on the date of the Bid, not less than 15% (fifteen percent) of the aggregate issued,
subscribed and paid up equity share capital in a Bidder is held by persons resident outside
India or where a Bidder is controlled by persons resident outside India; or
(b) if at any subsequent stage after the date of the Bid, there is an acquisition of not less than
15% (fifteen percent) of the aggregate issued, subscribed and paid up equity share capital
or control by persons resident outside India in or of the Bidder;
then the Qualification of such Bidder or in the event described in sub clause (b) above, the
continued Qualification of the Bidder shall be subject to approval of the Authority from
national security and public interest perspective. The decision of the Authority in this behalf
shall be final, conclusive and binding on the Bidder.
The holding or acquisition of equity or control, as above, shall include direct or indirect
holding/ acquisition including by transfer of the direct or indirect legal or beneficial
ownership or control by persons acting for themselves or in concert and in determining such
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 24
holding or acquisition, the Authority shall be guided by the principles, precedents and
definitions contained in the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Substantial Acquisition
of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 1997 or any substitute thereof as in force on the date
of such acquisition.
14.4. Change in Ownership :
14.4.1. The Bidder shall promptly inform the Authority of any change in the shareholding,
as above, and failure to do so shall render the Bidder liable for disqualification from
the Bidding Process.
14.4.2. By submitting the Bid, the Bidder shall also be deemed to have acknowledged and
agreed that in the event of a change in control of a Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary
Company whose Technical Capacity and/ or Financial Capacity was taken into
consideration for the purposes of short-listing under and in accordance with the RFP,
the Bidder shall be deemed to have knowledge of the same and shall be required to
inform the Authority forthwith along with all relevant particulars about the same and
the Authority may disqualify the Bidder or withdraw the LOI from the Selected
Bidder, as the case may be. In the event such change in control occurs after signing
of the Concession Agreement but prior to Financial Close of the Project, it would,
notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Concession Agreement, be
deemed to be a breach of the Concession Agreement, and the same shall be liable to
be terminated without the Authority being liable in any manner whatsoever to the
Concessionaire. In such an event, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in the Concession Agreement, the Authority shall be entitled to forfeit the Bid
Security or Performance Security, as the case may be, as Damages, without prejudice
to any other right or remedy that may be available to the Authority under the Bidding
Documents and/ or the Concession Agreement or otherwise.
14.5. Cost of Bidding: The Bidders shall be responsible for all of the costs associated with the
preparation of their Bids and their participation in the Bid Process. The Authority will not be
responsible or in any way liable for such costs, regardless of the conduct or outcome of the
Bidding Process.
14.6. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, in the event that the Bid Due
Date falls within three months of the closing of the latest financial year of a Bidder, it shall
ignore such financial year for the purposes of its Bid and furnish all its information and
certification called for in this RFP with reference the financial year immediately preceding
the latest financial year. For the avoidance of doubt, financial year shall, for the purposes of a
Bid hereunder, mean the accounting year followed by the Bidder in the course of its normal
business.
14.7. The documents including this RFP and all attached documents, provided by the Authority are
and shall remain or become the properties of the Authority and are transmitted to the Bidders
solely for the purpose of preparation and the submission of a Bid in accordance herewith.
Bidders are to treat all information as strictly confidential and shall not use it for any purpose
other than for preparation and submission of their Bid. The provisions of this Clause shall
also apply mutatis mutandis to Bids and all other documents submitted by the Bidders, and
the Authority will not return to the Bidders any Bid, document or any information provided
along therewith.
14.8. The Authority reserves the right to verify all statements, information and documents
submitted by the Bidder in response to the RFP. Any such verification or lack of such
verification by the Authority shall not relieve the Bidder of its obligations or liabilities
hereunder nor will it affect any rights of the Authority thereunder.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 25
15. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BY BIDDER:
15.1. It shall be deemed that by submitting the Bid, the Bidder has;
15.1.1. made a complete and careful examination of the RFP;
15.1.2. received all relevant information requested from the Authority;
15.1.3. accepted the risk of inadequacy, error or mistake in the information provided in this
RFP or furnished by or on behalf of the Authority relating to any of the matters
referred to in this RFP;
15.1.4. agreed to be bound by the undertakings provided by it under and in terms hereof;
15.1.5. satisfied itself about all matters, things and information including matters relating to
the project site necessary and required for submitting an informed Bid, execution of
the Project in accordance with the Bidding Documents and performance of all of its
obligations thereunder; and
15.1.6. acknowledged and agreed that inadequacy, lack of completeness or incorrectness of
information provided in the Bidding Documents or ignorance of any of the matters
relating to the project shall not be a basis for any claim for compensation, damages,
extension of time for performance of its obligations, loss of profits etc. from the
Authority, or a ground for termination of the Concession Agreement by the
Concessionaire.
15.2. The Authority shall not be liable for any omission, mistake or error in respect of any of the
above or on account of any matter or thing arising out of or concerning or relating to the RFP
or the Bidding Process, including any error or mistake therein or in any information or data
given by the Authority.
16. CONFLICT OF INTEREST
16.1. A Bidder shall not have a conflict of interest (the “Conflict of Interest”) that affects the
Bidding Process. Any Bidder found to have a Conflict of Interest shall be disqualified. In the
event of disqualification, the Authority shall forfeit 100% (one hundred percent) of the value
of Bid Security or Performance Security, as the case may be, as mutually agreed genuine pre-
estimated compensation and damage payable to the Authority for, inter alia, the time, cost and
effort of the Authority, including consideration of such Bidder‟s proposal, without prejudice
to any other right or remedy that may be available to the Authority hereunder or otherwise.
Without limiting the generality of the above, a Bidder shall be deemed to have a Conflict of
Interest affecting the Bidding Process, if:
16.1.1. the Bidder or its Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company (or any constituent thereof)
and any other Bidder or any of its Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company thereof
(or any constituent thereof) have common controlling shareholders or other
ownership interest; provided that this disqualification shall not apply in cases where
the direct or indirect shareholding of a Bidder or an Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary
Company thereof (or any shareholder thereof having a shareholding of not more than
25% (twenty five per cent) of the paid up and subscribed share capital of such Bidder
or Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company, as the case may be) in the other Bidder
or Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company, is not more than 25% (twenty five per
cent) of the subscribed and paid up equity share capital thereof; provided further that
this disqualification shall not apply to any ownership by a bank, insurance company,
pension fund or a public financial institution referred to in section 4A of the
Companies Act, 1956 or its equivalent legislation. For the purposes of this Clause,
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 26
indirect shareholding held through one or more intermediate persons shall be
computed as follows: (aa) where any intermediary is controlled by a person through
management control or otherwise, the entire shareholding held by such controlled
intermediary in any other person (the “Subject Person”) shall be taken into account
for computing the shareholding of such controlling person in the Subject Person; and
(bb) subject always to sub-clause (aa) above, where a person does not exercise
control over an intermediary, which has shareholding in the Subject Person, the
computation of indirect shareholding of such person in the Subject Person shall be
undertaken on a proportionate basis; provided, however, that no such shareholding
shall be reckoned under this sub-clause (bb) if the shareholding of such person in the
intermediary is less than 26% of the subscribed and paid up equity shareholding of
such intermediary; or
16.1.2. such Bidder or any Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company thereof receives or has
received any direct or indirect subsidy, grant, concessional loan or subordinated debt
from any other Bidder or Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company, or has provided
any such subsidy, grant, concessional loan or subordinated debt to any other Bidder
or any Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company thereof; or
16.1.3. such Bidder has the same legal representative for purposes of this Bid as any other
Bidder; or
16.1.4. such Bidder, or any Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company thereof has a
relationship with another Bidder, or any Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company
thereof, directly or through common third party/ parties, that puts either or both of
them in a position to have access to each other‟s‟ information about, or to influence
the Bid of either or each other; or
16.1.5. such Bidder, or any Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company thereof has participated
as a consultant to the Authority in the preparation of any documents, design or
technical specifications of the Project.
16.2. Notwithstanding anything stated herein, a conflict of interest situation arising at the
Qualification will be considered to subsist only, as between such Applicants attracting
conflict of interest provisions on account of shareholdings, who submit bids under this
document.
16.3. A Bidder shall be liable for disqualification if any legal, financial or technical adviser of the
Authority in relation to the Project is engaged by the Bidder, its Member or any Affiliate,
Parent or Subsidiary Company thereof, as the case may be, in any manner for matters related
to or incidental to the Project during the Bidding Process or subsequent to the (i) issue of the
LOI or (ii) execution of the Concession Agreement. In the event any such adviser is engaged
by the Selected Bidder or Concessionaire, as the case may be, after issue of the LOI or
execution of the Concession Agreement for matters related or incidental to the Project, then
notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in the LOI or the Concession
Agreement and without prejudice to any other right or remedy of the Authority, including the
forfeiture of the Bid Security or Performance Security, as the case may be, which the
Authority may have there under or otherwise, the LOI or the Concession Agreement, as the
case may be, shall be liable to be terminated without the Authority being liable in any
manner whatsoever to the Selected Bidder or Concessionaire for the same. For the avoidance
of doubt, this disqualification shall not apply where such adviser was engaged by the Bidder
or its Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company in the past but its assignment expired or was
terminated 6 (six) months prior to the date of issue of this RFP. Nor will this disqualification
apply where such adviser is engaged after a period of 1 (one) year from the date of signing of
the Concession Agreement.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 27
17. FRAUD AND CORRUPT PRACTICES
17.1. The Bidders and their respective officers, employees, agents and advisers shall observe the
highest standard of ethics during the Bidding Process and subsequent to the issue of the LOI
and during the subsistence of the Concession Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary contained herein, or in the LOI or the Concession Agreement, the Authority may
reject a Bid, withdraw the LOI, or terminate the Concession Agreement, as the case may be,
without being liable in any manner whatsoever to the Bidder or Concessionaire, as the case
may be, if it determines that the Bidder or Concessionaire, as the case may be, has, directly or
indirectly or through an agent, engaged in corrupt practice, fraudulent practice, coercive
practice, undesirable practice or restrictive practice in the Bidding Process. In such an event,
the Authority shall be entitled to forfeit the Bid Security or Performance Security, as the case
may be, as Damages, without prejudice to any other right or remedy that may be available to
the Authority under the Bidding Documents and/or the Concession Agreement, or otherwise.
17.2. Without prejudice to the rights of the Authority under Clause 17 hereinabove and the rights
and remedies which the Authority may have under the LOI or the Concession Agreement, or
otherwise if a Bidder or Concessionaire, as the case may be, is found by the Authority to
have directly or indirectly or through an agent, engaged or indulged in any corrupt practice,
fraudulent practice, coercive practice, undesirable practice or restrictive practice during the
Bidding Process, or after the issue of the LOI or the execution of the Concession Agreement,
then both Bidder and Concessionaire shall not be eligible to participate in any tender or RFP
issued by the Authority during a period of 2 (two) years from the date such Bidder or
Concessionaire, as the case may be, is found by the Authority to have directly or indirectly or
through an agent, engaged or indulged in any corrupt practice, fraudulent practice, coercive
practice, undesirable practice or restrictive practices, as the case may be.
18. RIGHT TO ACCEPT OR REJECT ANY OR ALL BIDS
18.1. Notwithstanding anything contained in this RFP, the Authority reserves the right to accept or
reject any Bid and to annul the Bidding Process and reject all Bids, at any time without any
liability or any obligation for such acceptance, rejection or annulment, and without assigning
any reasons thereof.
19. DISQUALIFICATIONS
19.1. Bids submitted by fax, telex, telegram or e-mail shall not be entertained and shall be
disqualified and rejected as non-responsive.
19.2. Bids received by the Authority after the specified time on the Bid Due Date shall not be
eligible for consideration and shall be summarily rejected.
19.3. The Authority reserves the right to disqualify and reject any Bid if:
19.3.1. at any time, a material misrepresentation is made or uncovered, or
19.3.2. the Bidder does not provide, within the time specified by the Authority, the
supplemental information sought by the Authority for evaluation of the Bid or
19.3.3. the financial quote is included, directly or indirectly, in the Technical Proposal or any
document accompanying the Technical Proposal.
19.4. Such misrepresentation / improper response shall lead to the disqualification of the Bidder. If
the Bidder is a Consortium, then the entire Consortium and each Member may be
disqualified / rejected. If such disqualification/ rejection occurs after the Bids have been
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 28
opened and the Lowest Bidder gets disqualified/ rejected, then the Authority reserves the
right to annul the Bidding Process and to invite the fresh Bids.
19.5. Any condition or qualification or any other stipulation contained in the Bid shall render the
Bid liable to rejection as a non-responsive Bid.
19.6. In case it is found during the evaluation or at any time before signing of the Concession
Agreement or after its execution and during the period of subsistence thereof, including the
concession thereby granted by the Authority, that one or more of the pre-qualification
conditions have not been met by the Bidder, or the Bidder has made material
misrepresentation or has given any materially incorrect or false information, the Bidder shall
be disqualified forthwith if not yet appointed as the Concessionaire either by issue of the LOI
or entering into of the Concession Agreement, and if the Bidder/SPV has already been issued
the LOI or has entered into the Concession Agreement, as the case may be, the same shall,
notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained therein or in this RFP, be liable to be
terminated, by a communication in writing by the Authority to the Bidder, without the
Authority being liable in any manner whatsoever to the Bidder. In such an event, the
Authority shall be entitled to forfeit the Bid Security or Performance Security, as the case
may be, as Damages, without prejudice to any other right or remedy which the Authority
may have under this RFP, the Bidding Documents, and the Concession Agreement or under
applicable law.
20. CONFIDENTIALITY
Information relating to the examination, clarification, evaluation, and recommendation for the
short-listed Bidders shall not be disclosed to any person who is not officially concerned with
the process or is not a retained professional advisor advising the Authority in relation to or
matters arising out of, or concerning the Bidding Process. The Authority will treat all
information, submitted as part of Bid, in confidence and will require all those who have
access to such material to treat the same in confidence. The Authority may not divulge any
such information unless it is directed to do so by any statutory entity that has the power under
law to require its disclosure or is to enforce or assert any right or privilege of the statutory
entity and/ or the authority or as may be required by law or in connection with any legal
process.
21. CONTENTS OF THE RFP
21.1. This RFP comprises the disclaimer set forth hereinabove, the contents as listed in Table of
Content at the beginning of this document.
21.2. The Draft Concession Agreement and Schedules provided by the Authority as part of the Bid
Documents shall be deemed to be part of this RFP.
22. SITE VISIT AND VERIFICATION OF INFORMATION
22.1. Bidders are encouraged to submit their respective Bids after visiting the Project site and
proposed locations for transfer stations for ascertaining for themselves the existing conditions,
location, surroundings, climate, availability of power, water and other utilities for
construction, access to site, handling and storage of materials, weather data, applicable laws
and regulations, and any other matter considered relevant by them. Bidders are also advised to
visit the municipal / panchayat area of Participating LSGIs to understand the existing solid
waste practices & process, people behavior, locations of secondary collection centres, routes
of solid waste vehicles etc.
22.2. The request for Site Visit shall be submitted to the Authority as specified in Key Data. The
Authority will make necessary arrangement for the Site Visit and will intimate the dates.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 29
23. AMENDMENT OF RFP
23.1. At any time prior to the Bid Due Date, the Authority may, for any reason, whether at its own
initiative or in response to clarifications requested by a Bidder, modify the RFP by the
issuance of Addenda.
23.2. Any Addendum thus issued will be uploaded on the website. Bidders are advised to keep
watch on www.etenders.kerala.gov.in for any modification in RFP and other updates about
the Project. The Bidders must submit their Bids in compliance of the latest updates,
addendums, modifications or amendments issued by the Authority. The Authority does not
assume any responsibility to bidders, who fails to submit their bids in accordance with latest
updates, addendums, modifications or amendments issued by the Authority before Bid Due
Date. In such case the Authority may reject any bid for the non-compliance of hereunder.
23.3. In order to afford the Bidders a reasonable time for taking an Addendum into account, or for
any other reason, the Authority may extend the Bid Due Date.
24. CLARIFICATIONS
24.1. Bidders requiring any clarification on the RFP may notify the Authority through email to the
id provided in key details . They should send in their queries before the date specified in Key
Details. The Authority shall endeavor to respond to the queries within the period specified
therein. The responses will be sent by e-mail. The Authority will forward all the queries and
its responses thereto, to all purchasers of the RFP and upload on the website
https://etenders.kerala.gov.in without identifying the source of queries.
24.2. The Authority shall endeavor to respond to the questions raised or clarifications sought by
the Bidders. However, the Authority reserves the right not to respond to any question or
provide any clarification and nothing in this Clause shall be taken or read as compelling or
requiring the Authority to respond to any question or to provide any clarification.
24.3. The Authority may also on its own motion, if deemed necessary, issue interpretations and
clarifications to all Bidders. All clarifications and interpretations issued by the Authority
shall be deemed to be part of the RFP. Verbal clarifications and information given by the
Authority or its employees or representatives shall not in any way or manner be binding on
the Authority.
25. PRE-BID CONFERENCE
25.1. A Pre-Bid conference of the interested parties shall be convened at the designated date as
provided in Key Details. A maximum of two representatives of each Bidder shall be allowed
to participate on production of authority letter from the Bidder.
25.2. During the course of Pre-Bid conference, the Bidders will be free to seek clarifications and
make suggestions for consideration of the Authority. The Authority shall endeavor to provide
clarifications and such further information, as it may consider appropriate for facilitating a
fair, transparent and competitive Bidding Process.
26. VALIDITY OF BIDS
The Bids shall be valid for a period of not less than 180 (One Hundred and Eighty) days from
the Bid Due Date (the "Bid Validity Date"). The validity of Bids may be extended subject to
a maximum period of 180 (One Hundred and Eighty) days by mutual consent of the
respective Bidders and the Authority.
27. BID SECURITY
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 30
27.1. The Bidder shall deposit an unconditional, unequivocal and irrevocable Bid Security of
INR.10,000,000 (Indian Rupees Ten Million only) in accordance with the provisions of this
RFP, using the online payment facility available in the e-tender website
https://etenders.kerala.gov.in .
27.2. The Bid Security shall be returnable no later than 60 (Sixty) days from the Bid Validity Date except in the case of the Selected Bidder whose Bid Security shall be retained till it has provided a Performance Security under the provisions of Draft Concession Agreement.
27.3. The Authority shall be entitled to forfeit the Bid Security as Damages inter alia in any of the events specified herein below. The Bidder, by submitting its Bid pursuant to this RFP, shall be deemed to have acknowledged and confirmed that the Authority will suffer loss and damage on account of withdrawal of its Bid or for any other default by the Bidder during the period of Bid validity as specified in this RFP, no relaxation of any kind on Bid Security shall be given to any Bidder.
27.4. The Bid Security shall be forfeited as Damages without prejudice to any other right or remedy that may be available to the Authority under the Bidding Documents and/ or under the Concession Agreement, or otherwise, under the following conditions:
a) If a Bidder engages in a corrupt practice, fraudulent practice, coercive practice,
undesirable practice or restrictive practice;
b) In the case of Selected Bidder, if it fails within the specified time limit:
(i) to sign and return the duplicate copy of LOI;
(ii) to sign the Concession Agreement; or
(iii) to furnish the Performance Security.
c) In case the Selected Bidder, commits any breach of any RFP condition prior to
furnishing the Performance Security.
d) Under any clause for forfeiture of Bid Security contained elsewhere in this RFP.
28. PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF BID
28.1. Language
The Bid and all related correspondence and documents in relation to the Bidding Process
shall be in English language. Supporting documents and printed literature furnished by the
Bidder with the Bid may be in any other language provided that they are accompanied by
true translations of it in the English language, duly authenticated and certified by the Bidder.
Supporting materials, which are not translated into English, may not be considered. For the
purpose of interpretation and evaluation of the Bid, the English language translation shall
prevail.
28.2. Format and signing of Bid
28.2.1. The Bidder shall submit the Bid in the format specified at Appendix-I, together with
all the documents specified hereunder and upload it in “Fee/ Prequalification /
Technical Proposal”. The formats given is the minimum requirement and the Bidders
shall furnish all the relevant details necessary to ascertain the technical and financial
capabilities of the bidder as well as the detailed technical and business plan for
implementation of the project proposed by the bidder.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 31
28.2.2. The Bidder shall upload the Financial Offer by duly filling up the BOQ file provided
under the Financial Cover in e-tender portal.
28.2.3. Bidders should attach clearly marked and referenced continuation sheets in the event
that the space provided in the prescribed forms in the Annexures is insufficient.
Alternatively, Bidders may format the prescribed forms making due provision for
incorporation of the requested information.
28.2.4. Information supplied in the Bid by the Bidder (or other constituent Member, if the
Bidder is a Consortium) shall pertain either to the Bidder or to the Bidder‟s Affiliate
or Parent or Subsidiary Company named in the Bid and not, unless specifically
requested, to other associated companies or firms.
28.2.5. The Bidder shall provide all the information sought under this RFP. The Authority
will evaluate only those Bids that are received in the required formats and complete
in all respects. Incomplete and /or conditional Bids shall be liable to rejection.
28.2.6. The Bidder shall submit a Power of Attorney along with Board resolution in favour
of executants as per the format at Appendix-II, authorizing the signatory of the Bid to
commit the Bidder. In case the Bidder is a Consortium, the members thereof shall
furnish a Power of Attorney in favour of the Lead Member in the format at Appendix
– IIA.
28.2.7. The Bid and its copy shall be typed or written in indelible ink and signed by the
authorized signatory of the Bidder who shall also initial each page in blue ink. In
case of printed and published Documents, only the cover shall be initialled. All the
alterations, omissions, additions or any other amendments made to the Bid shall be
initialled by the person(s) signing the Bid. The Bid shall contain page numbers and in
the case of hard copy submitted, it shall be bound together in hard cover.
28.3. Submission of Technical Proposal
28.3.1. The Bidder shall upload its Bid on www.etenders.kerala.gov.in by following all
processes and systems defined under e-procurement rules of the State of Kerala by
affixing the Digital Signature Certificate of the person authorized to sign the Bid as
per the Power of Attorney submitted with the Bid.
28.3.2. Each Fee/Prequalification/Technical Proposal submitted online shall contain:
(i) Bid in the prescribed format (Appendix-I) along with Annexes I to V and supporting documents;
(ii) Power of Attorney for signing the Bid as per the format at Appendix-II;
(iii) A Certificate from the Company Secretary of the Bidder certifying that the Bid signatory is authorized by the Board of Directors of the Company to do so with resolution number and date
(iv) Copy of Charter Document (Memorandum and Articles of Association/ Partnership Deed/ Trust Deed, as the case may be);
(v) Copies of Bidder‟s duly audited Financial Statement along with all schedules, auditors report and annual report for the preceding three financial years;
(vi) Payment Receipt towards the tender fee as specified in Key Details;
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 32
(vii) Payment Receipt towards Bid Security
(viii) Certificate from the Company Secretary of Bidder (including each member of Consortium) clearly specifying the Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company relationship as mentioned by the Bidder
(ix) Certificate from the Company Secretary to the effect that the Bidder (including each member of Consortium) is not blacklisted by any of the Ministry/ Department of Government of India/ State Governments
(x) Undertaking from the authorised signatory of the Bidder/Lead Member Certificate from the Company Secretary to the effect that the Bidder shall establish an office in Thiruvananthpuram
(xi) Power of Attorney for Lead Member of the Consortium in the prescribed format (Appendix II A), if applicable.
(xii) Joint Bidding Agreement (in case of Consortium) as prescribed in the prescribed format at Appendix IV
(xiii) Technical Proposal with details required is to be provided as Appendix VI of this RFP. The detailed Technical Plan required as part of the Technical Proposal shall not be more than 50 pages and it shall contain all requisite details specified in the Technical Plan Data Sheet (Appendix V Annex 2). The Detailed Technical Plan shall be final and binding during implementation of the project, however, it could be improved by mutual consent of both parties.
28.3.3. The Bidder shall also submit the hardcopies of the Fee/Prequalification/Technical
Proposal IN TRIPLICATE (together with originals/ copies of documents required to
be submitted along therewith pursuant to this RFP) to the address specified in Key
Details. In the event of any discrepancy between the uploaded bid and the hard copy
submission, the bid uploaded shall prevail.
28.3.4. All the original Stamp Papers and Notarized documents shall be submitted along
with ORIGINAL set of hard copies. The duplicate and triplicate hard copies may be
true photo copy of the Original set. Scanned copy shall be uploaded along with the
Technical proposal submitted online.
28.3.5. The Fee/Prequalification/Technical Proposal submission in hard copy form shall
clearly bear the following identification:
Bid for: “Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum 300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership. In addition, the Bid Due Date should be indicated on the right hand corner of each of the envelopes.
28.3.6. If the Proposal is not sealed and marked as instructed above, the Authority assumes
no responsibility for the misplacement or premature opening of the contents of the
Bid and consequent losses, if any, suffered by the Bidder.
28.4. Submission of Financial Proposal
28.4.1. Bids are invited on the basis of the lowest Tipping Fee per metric ton of waste at the
waste processing site (“Bidding Criteria”). The Bidders shall submit the quote
Tipping Fee in terms of INR per MT as on bid due date. The quote shall be
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 33
submitted in the BOQ file available in the Financial Cover of tender portal
www.etenders.kerala.gov.in. The format of Price Bid is given in Appendix III for
reference.
28.4.2. The Bidder shall upload the financial cover by affixing the Digital Signature
Certificate of the person authorized to sign the Bid as per the Power of Attorney
submitted with the Bid.
28.4.3. THE PRICE BID SHALL NOT BE SUBMITTED IN HARD COPY. Only
uploaded version of the Price Bid would be accepted.
29. MODIFICATIONS/ SUBSTITUTION/ WITHDRAWAL OF BIDS
29.1. No Bid shall be modified, substituted or withdrawn by the Bidder after its submission to the
Authority.
30. BID OPENING
30.1. The Authority shall open the Fee/Prequalification/Technical Proposals through the e-tender
at the time and date as specified in Key Details and in the presence of the Bidders who choose
to attend.
30.2. The Authority will subsequently examine and evaluate Bids in accordance with the
provisions set out under clause 31.
30.3. Bidders are advised that qualification of Bidders will be entirely based on the provision
contained in this RFP. Bidders shall be deemed to have understood and agreed that no
explanation or justification on any aspect of the Bidding Process or selection will be given.
30.4. Any information contained in the Bid shall not in any way be construed as binding on the
Authority, its agents, successors or assigns, but shall be binding against the Bidder if the
Project is subsequently awarded to it on the basis of such information.
30.5. The Authority reserves the right not to proceed with the Bidding Process at any time without
notice or liability and to reject any or all Bid(s) without assigning any reasons.
30.6. Where any information is found to be patently false or amounting to a material
misrepresentation, the Authority reserves the right to reject the Bid in accordance with the
provisions contained herein.
30.7. Clarifications on Technical Proposal :
30.7.1. To facilitate evaluation of Bids, the Authority may seek clarifications from any
Bidder regarding its Bid. Such clarification(s) shall be provided within the time
specified by the Authority for this purpose. Any request for clarification(s) and all
clarification(s) in response thereto shall be in writing.
30.7.2. If a Bidder does not provide clarifications sought by the Authority within the
prescribed time, its Bid shall be liable to be rejected. In case the Bid is not rejected,
the Authority may proceed to evaluate the Bid by construing the particulars requiring
clarification to the best of its understanding, and the Bidder shall be barred from
subsequently questioning such interpretation of the Authority.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 36
keeping the scope of services and technical parameters (as specified in the concession
agreement) unchanged.
33.2. If the Proposer is not matching the Tipping Fee to the final quoted fee of the Challenger
within 15 days the Tipping Fee offered by the Challenger will be Considered as the Final and
project will be awarded to the Challenger. The Challenger, in this case, shall be considered as
Selected Bidder.
33.3. If the Proposer matches or lower the Tipping Fee to the final quoted fee of the Challenger,
the fee quoted by the Proposer shall be considered final and Proposer is considered Selected
Bidder and project will be awarded to the Proposer.
34. AWARD OF THE PROJECT
34.1. After selection, a Letter of Intent (the “LOI”) shall be issued, in duplicate, by the Authority
to the Selected Bidder and the Selected Bidder shall, within 15 (fifteen) days of the receipt of
the LOI, sign and return the duplicate copy of the LOI in acknowledgement thereof.
34.2. The Selected Bidder shall, then, within 30 (Thirty) days of acceptance of LOI incorporate a
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) in the form of “Company” under the provisions of Companies
Act, 2013. This SPV shall be the Concessionaire and Concession Agreement shall be
executed amongst Concessionaire and Authority. Selected Bidder shall be the Confirming
Party to the Concession Agreement.
34.3. The SPV shall furnish the Performance Security of INR.100,000,000/- (Indian Rupees
Hundred Million), which is more particularly described in the Draft Concession Agreement,
by way of Bank Guarantee in the manner and form specified in the Draft Concession
Agreement, on achievement of necessary financial closure till the COD. Post COD, the
Performance Security shall be reduced to INR. 50,000,000 (Indian Rupees Fifty Million only)
till the end of Concession Period or till the Termination Date, as the case may be.
34.4. In the event the duplicate copy of the LOI duly signed by the Selected Bidder or the
Performance Security by SPV is not received by the stipulated date, the Authority may, unless
it consents to extension of time for submission thereof, forfeit the Bid Security of such Bidder
as Damages on account of failure of the Selected Bidder to accept the award.
34.5. After acknowledgement of the LOI, formation of SPV and submission of Performance
Security as aforesaid, it shall cause the Concessionaire, the SPV, to execute the Concession
Agreement within the period prescribed in Key Details.
34.6. The Selected Bidder shall not be entitled to seek any deviation, modification or amendment
in the Concession Agreement.
35. CONTACTS DURING BID EVALUATION
Bids shall be deemed to be under consideration immediately after they are opened and until
such time the Authority makes official intimation of award/ rejection to the Bidders. While
the Bids are under consideration, Bidders and/ or their representatives or other interested
parties are advised to refrain, save and except as required under the Bidding Documents, from
contacting by any means, the Authority and/or their employees/representatives on matters
related to the Bids under consideration.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 37
36. DOCUMENT CHECK LIST FOR BID SUBMISSION
A MINIMUM ELIGIBILITY
1 Copy of Certificate of Registration under relevant Act and certificate by Statutory
Auditors in the format given in Annex-II of Appendix I.
2 Copy relevant Work Orders & Invoices OR Work completion Certificate/
satisfactory client Certificate or other evidence, certified by Statutory Auditors in
the format given in Appendix VI.
3 Certificate evidencing Net Worth by the Statutory Auditors in the format given
in Annex-IIA, Appendix I
B PRE-QUALIFICATION
1 Bid in the prescribed format (Appendix-I) along with Annexes I to V and
supporting documents, signed and stamped in all pages by the authorised
Signatory
2 Evidence of payment of Tender Fee
3 Evidence of submission of Bid Security
4 Power of Attorney for signing the Bid as per the format at Appendix-II
5 A Certificate from the Company Secretary of the Bidder certifying that the Bid
signatory is authorized by the Board of Directors of the Company to do so with
resolution number and date
6 Charter Document of the Bidder (including each member of Consortium),
Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company (if any
7 Annual Report including Audited Financial Statements with its all schedules for
the previous three audited years for the Bidder (including each member of
Consortium)/Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company
8 Certificate from the Company Secretary of Bidder (including each member of
Consortium) clearly specifying the Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company
relationship as mentioned by the Bidder
9 Certificate from the Company Secretary to the effect that the Bidder (including
each member of Consortium) is not blacklisted by any of the Ministry/
Department of Government of India/ State Governments
10 Undertaking from the authorised signatory of the Bidder/Lead Member Certificate
from the Company Secretary to the effect that the Bidder shall establish an
office in Thiruvananthapuram
11 Power of Attorney for Lead Member of the Consortium in the prescribed format
(Appendix II A), if applicable
12 Joint Bidding Agreement (in case of Consortium) as prescribed in the prescribed format at Appendix IV
13 Technical Proposal is submitted with complete Technical Plan as per Appendix V
C FINANCIAL COVER
1 Bid in the prescribed BOQ format to be uploaded
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 38
37. MISCELLANEOUS
37.1. The Bidding Process shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of
India and the competent Courts at Thiruvananthapuram shall have exclusive jurisdiction over
all disputes arising under, pursuant to and/ or in connection with the Bidding Process.
37.2. The Authority without incurring any obligation or liability, reserves the right, at any time, to;
(a) suspend and/ or cancel the Bidding Process and/ or amend and/ or supplement the Bidding Process or modify the dates or other terms and conditions relating thereto;
(b) consult with any Bidder in order to receive clarification or further information;
(c) pre-qualify or not to pre-qualify any Bidder and/ or to consult with any Bidder in order to receive clarification or further information;
(d) retain any information and/ or evidence submitted to the Authority by, on behalf of, and/ or in relation to any Bidder; and/ or
(e) independently verify, disqualify, reject and/ or accept any and all submissions or other information and/ or evidence submitted by or on behalf of any Bidder.
37.3. It shall be deemed that by submitting the Bid, the Bidder agrees and releases the Authority,
its employees, agents and advisers, irrevocably, unconditionally, fully and finally from any
and all liability for claims, losses, damages, costs, expenses or liabilities in any way related
to or arising from the exercise of any rights and/ or performance of any obligations hereunder
and the Bidding Documents, pursuant hereto, and/ or in connection with the Bidding Process,
to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, and waives any and all rights and/ or claims
it may have in this respect, whether actual or contingent, whether present or in future.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 39
APPENDICES
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 40
APPENDIX I
Letter Comprising the Bid
Dated: [ ] To,
Managing Director, Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. T.C. XI/266, Keston Road, Kowdiar, Thiruvananthapuram,
Kerala – 695003
Sub: Bid for “Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of
minimum 300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis
at Vizhinjam for Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership on Swiss Challenge route
Dear Sir,
With reference to your RFP document dated __________ 2020, I/we, having examined the RFP document and understood its contents, hereby submit my/our Bid for the aforesaid project. The Bid is unconditional and unqualified.
2. I/ We acknowledge that the Authority will be relying on the information provided in the Bid and the documents accompanying such Bid for selection of the Concessionaire for the aforesaid project, and we certify that all information provided in the Bid and in Annexes I to IV is true and correct; nothing has been omitted which renders such information misleading; and all documents accompanying such Bid are true copies of their respective originals.
3. This statement is made for the express purpose of our selection as Concessionaire for the development, construction, operation and maintenance of the aforesaid Project.
4. I/ We shall make available to the Authority any additional information it may find necessary or require to supplement or authenticate the Bid.
5. I/ We acknowledge the right of the Authority to reject our Bid without assigning any reason or
otherwise and hereby waive to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law our right to challenge the same on any account whatsoever.
6. I/ We certify that in the last three years, we / any of the consortium member or our/their Affiliates or Parent or Subsidiary Company have neither failed to perform on any contract, as evidenced by imposition of a penalty by an arbitral or judicial authority or a judicial pronouncement or arbitration award, nor been expelled from any project or contract by any public authority nor have had any contract terminated by any public authority for breach on our part.
7. I/ We declare that: (a) I/ We have examined and have no reservations to the Bidding Documents, including any
Addendum issued by the Authority;
(b) I/ We do not have any conflict of interest in accordance with the RFP document;
(c) I/We have not directly or indirectly or through an agent engaged or indulged in any corrupt practice, fraudulent practice, coercive practice, undesirable practice or restrictive practice, as defined in the RFP document, in respect of any tender or request for proposal issued by or any agreement entered into with the Authority or any other public sector enterprise or any government, Central or State in India; and
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 41
(d) I/ We hereby certify that we have taken steps to ensure that in conformity with the provisions of the RFP document, no person acting for us or on our behalf has engaged or will engage in any corrupt practice, fraudulent practice, coercive practice, undesirable practice or restrictive practice.
(e) the undertakings given by us along with the Application in response to the RFP for the
Project were true and correct as on the date of making the Application.
8. I/ We understand that you may cancel the Bidding Process at any time and that you are neither bound to accept any Bid that you may receive nor to invite the Bidders to Bid for the Project, without incurring any liability to the Bidders, in accordance with the RFP document.
9. I/ We believe that we / our Consortium Partner satisfy(s) the Net Worth criteria and meet(s) all the requirements as specified in the RFP document and are/ is qualified to submit a Bid.
10. I/ We certify that in regard to matters other than security and integrity of the country, we / any member of the Consortium or any of our / their Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company have not been convicted by a Court of Law or indicted or adverse orders passed by a regulatory authority which could cast a doubt on our ability to undertake the Project or which relates to a grave offence that outrages the moral sense of the community.
11. I/ We further certify that in regard to matters relating to security and integrity of the country, we /
any member of the Consortium or any of our /their Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company have not been charge-sheeted by any agency of the Government or convicted by a Court of Law.
12. I/ We further certify that no investigation by a regulatory authority is pending either against us or
against any member of the Consortium or against our / their Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company or against our CEO or any of our Directors/ Managers/ employees.
13. I/ We undertake that in case due to any change in facts or circumstances during the Bidding Process, we are attracted by the provisions of disqualification in terms of the provisions of this RFP, we shall intimate the Authority of the same immediately.
14. The Statement of Legal Capacity as per format provided in Appendices of the RFP document, and duly signed, is enclosed. The power of attorney for signing of Bid as per format provided at Appendix II, power of attorney for Lead Member at Appendix II a (in case of Consortium) of the RFP, is also enclosed.
15. I/ We hereby irrevocably waive any right or remedy which we may have at any stage at law or howsoever otherwise arising to challenge or question any decision taken by the Authority in connection with the selection of the Bidder, or in connection with the selection/ Bidding Process itself, in respect of the above mentioned Project and the terms and implementation thereof.
16. I/ We agree and undertake to abide by all the terms and conditions of the RFP document.
17. I/ We certify that in terms of the RFP, my/our Net Worth is INR .……………….. (Indian Rupees ……………….. in words).
18. I/ We acknowledge and agree that in the event of a change in control of an Affiliate or Parent or
Subsidiary Company whose Technical Capacity and/ or Financial Capacity is taken into consideration for the purposes of short-listing and pre-qualification in accordance with this RFP, I/We shall inform the Authority forthwith along with all relevant particulars and the Authority may disqualify us or withdraw the Letter of Intent, as the case may be. I/We further acknowledge and agree that in the event such change in control occurs after signing of the Concession Agreement but prior to Financial Close of the Project, it would, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Agreement, be deemed a breach thereof, and the Concession Agreement shall be liable to be terminated without the Authority being liable to us in any manner whatsoever.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 42
19. I/ We understand that if selected, we shall incorporate a Special Purpose Vehicle as Company incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 2013 within the time stipulated in the RFP.
20. In the event of I / we being declared as the Selected Bidder, I/we agree to enter into a Concession Agreement through SPV in accordance with the Draft Concession Agreement that has been provided to me/us prior to the Bid Due Date.
21. We agree not to seek any changes in the aforesaid draft and agree to abide by the same. 22. I/ We have studied all the Bidding Documents carefully and also surveyed the Project site. We
understand that except to the extent as expressly set forth in the Concession Agreement, we shall have no claim, right or title arising out of any documents or information provided to us by the Authority or in respect of any matter arising out of or relating to the Bidding Process including the award of Concession.
23. I/ We offer an unconditional, unequivocal and irrevocable Bid Security of INR.10 Million /- (Indian Rupees Ten Million Only) to the Authority in accordance with Clause 27 Volume I of the RFP Document.
24. The non-refundable irrevocable Tender Fee has been remitted to your account through electronic bank transfer under reference no………………...
25. The Bid Security has been transferred to your account through electronic bank transfer under reference no……………….. OR in the form of Bank Guarantee is attached (strike out whichever is not applicable).
26. I/ We agree and understand that the Bid is subject to the provisions of the Bidding Documents. In no case, I/we shall have any claim or right of whatsoever nature if the Project / Concession is not awarded to me/us or our Bid is not opened or rejected.
27. The Tipping Fee has been quoted by me/us after taking into consideration all the terms and conditions stated in the RFP, draft Concession Agreement, our own estimates of cost and after a careful assessment of the site and all the conditions that may affect the project cost and implementation of the Project.
28. I/ We shall keep this offer valid for 180 (one hundred and eighty) days from the Bid Due Date specified in the RFP.
29. I/ We declare that we/ any Member of the Consortium, or our/ its associates are not a Member of a/
any other Consortium submitting a Bid for the Project. 30. {We, the Consortium Members agree and undertake to be jointly and severally liable for all the
obligations of the Concessionaire under the Concession Agreement in accordance with the Concession Agreement.}
31. I/We submit our Price Bid offer for Tipping Fee as per the process specified for the submission of
BOQ in e-tender portal https://etenders.kerala.gov.in , to be paid to us for undertaking the aforesaid Project in accordance with the Bidding Documents and the Concession Agreement.
In witness thereof, I/ we submit this Bid under and in accordance with the terms of the RFP document.
Yours faithfully,
Date: (Signature, name and designation of the Authorized Signatory)
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 43
Appendix I
Annex-I
Details of Bidder
(In case of consortium, to be submitted for all consortium members separately& to be
submitted separately for all Affiliate/Parent/ Subsidiary whose data has been are used for
prequalification)
Details of the Bidder / Lead Member (Company)
1. Name of the Bidder/Prime Bidder
2. Address of the Bidder
3. Status of the Company ( Trust/ Firm/ LLP/Public Ltd/Pvt. Ltd)
4. Details of Incorporation of the Company Date :
Ref #
5. Details of Commencement of Business Date :
Ref #, if any
6. Valid GST registration no
7. Permanent Account Number (PAN)/ Tax Identification
Number
8. Name & Designation of the contact person to whom all
references shall be made regarding this RFP
9. Telephone No. (with STD Code)
10. Mail of the contact person
11. Fax No. (with ISD Code)
12. Website url
13. Name & Designation of Authorized Signatory
Telephone No. (with ISD Code)
E-Mail
14 Net Worth as per Latest audited Financial Statement (in INR)
15 Brief description of experience in implementation of Solid
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 44
Waste Management Projects in the last 5 years.
16 Awards / recognitions received in the relevant area
17 Any other relevant information.
18 A statement by the Bidder or any of their Affiliate or Parent or
Subsidiary Company disclosing material non-performance or
contractual non-compliance in past projects, contractual
disputes and litigation/ arbitration in the recent past is given
below (Attach extra sheets, if necessary)
19 Name & Address to the Bankers
Date: (Signature, name and designation of the Authorised Signatory)
Place: Name and seal of the Bidder
Note :
As required in RFP, the Bidder shall attach copies of the balance sheets, financial statements and
Annual Reports for 3 (three) years preceding Financial years. The financial statements shall: a. reflect the financial situation of the Bidder and its Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary
Company where the Bidder is relying on its Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary
Company‟s financials; b. be audited by a Statutory Auditor; c. be complete, including all notes to the financial statements; and d. correspond to accounting periods already completed and audited (no statements for
partial periods shall be requested or accepted).
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 45
Appendix –I
Annex-II
Format of certificate from Statutory Auditor certifying the Technical Capacity of the Bidder
(To be issued in the Letterhead of the Audit Firm)
Certificate from the Statutory Auditor
Based on its books of accounts and other published information authenticated by it, this is to certify that …………………….. (name of the Applicant/ Affiliate, Parent or Subsidiary Company) is in existence and was incorporated on “________“and is into continuous Operations since “______________”.
We also certify that the above information is in terms of Clauses 3.3 of the RFP: {Signature}
{Name & membership No of Partner /Proprietor}
{Name of the audit firm :}
{Firm Identification No}
{Seal of the Audit Firm}
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 46
Appendix-I
Annex-III
(To be issued in the Letterhead of the Audit Firm by the Statutory Auditors)
Certificate of Financial Capacity
Net Worth as on
___\____\______
Rate of
Exchange
applied In home Currency
(Specify currency)
In INR Equivalent
Name of Sole Bidder *
Lead Member *
Other Member 1 *
Other Member 2 *
TOTAL
* Strike off whichever is not applicable
{Signature}
{Name & membership No of Partner /Proprietor}
{Name of the audit firm :}
{Firm Identification No}
{Seal of the Audit Firm}
Note:
1. Each Consortium Member, or Affiliate/Parent/ Subsidiary whose financial data is relied
on to meet Minimum Eligibility Criteria, shall provide details of its own Certificate of
Financial Capacity.
2. For conversion of US Dollars to Rupees, the rate of conversion shall be Rupees 65 (sixty
five) to a US Dollar. In case of any other currency, the same shall first be converted to
US Dollars as on the date 60 (sixty) days prior to the Bid Due Date, and the amount so
derived in US Dollars shall be converted into Rupees at the aforesaid rate. The
conversion rate of such currencies shall be the daily representative exchange rates
published by the International Monetary Fund for the relevant date.
3. Net Worth shall be computed as per the definition of Net worth given in the RFP as at
the end of the Latest Audited Financial Year.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 47
Appendix I
Annex-IV
In the event that credit is being taken for the Eligible Experience of an Affiliate / Parent or Subsidiary Company, as defined in RFP, the Bidder should also provide a certificate in the format below:
Certificate from Statutory Auditor/ Company Secretary regarding Affiliate or Parent Company or Subsidiary Company
(To be issued in the Letterhead of the Audit Firm/ Company Secretary)
Based on the authenticated record of the company, this is to certify that more than [50% (fifty per cent) in case of Parent / Subsidiary OR 26% (twenty six percent) in case of Affiliate] {strike out whichever is not applicable} of the subscribed and paid up voting equity of ………………(name of the Bidder / Affiliate/Parent or Subsidiary) is held as on 31st March 2018, directly or indirectly by ……………….. (name of Affiliate or Parent / Subsidiary / Applicant). By virtue of the aforesaid share-holding, the latter exercises control over the former, who is an Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary as defined in the RFP. A brief description of the said equity held, directly or indirectly, is given below: {Describe the share-holding of the Bidder and the Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary.}
{Signature}
{Name & membership No of Partner /Proprietor}
{Name of the audit firm}
{Firm Identification No}
{Seal of the Audit Firm}
$ In the event that the Bidder exercises control over an Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company
by operation of law, this certificate may be suitably modified and copies of the relevant law may
be enclosed and referred to.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 48
Appendix I
Annex-V
Statement of Legal Capacity
(To be forwarded on the letterhead of the Bidder / Lead Member)
Ref. Date: To, Managing Director, Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. T.C. XI/266, Keston Road, Kowdiar, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695003 Dear Sir, We hereby confirm that we/ our members in the Consortium (constitution of which has been described in the application) satisfy the terms and conditions laid out in the RFQ document.
We have agreed that …………………… (insert member‟s name) will act as the Lead Member of our
consortium.*
We have agreed that ………………….. (insert individual‟s name) will act as our representative/ will
act as the representative of the consortium on its behalf* and has been duly authorized to submit the
RFP. Further, the authorized signatory is vested with requisite powers to furnish such letter and
authenticate the same.
Thanking you, Yours faithfully, (Signature, name and designation of the authorized signatory) For and on behalf of……………………………..
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 49
APPENDIX II
Power of Attorney for signing of Bid
(To be executed on Non Judicial Stamp Paper of relevant jurisdiction)
Know all men by these presents, We…………………………………………….. (name of the firm
and address of the registered office) do hereby irrevocably constitute, nominate, appoint and authorize
Mr/ Ms (name), …………………… son/daughter/wife of ……………………………… and
presently residing at…………………., who is presently employed with us / the Lead Member
of the Consortium and holding the position of ……………………………., as our true and lawful
attorney (hereinafter referred to as the “Attorney”) to do in our name and on our behalf, all such acts,
deeds and things as are necessary or required in connection with or incidental to submission of our
Bid for the “Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy
plant of minimum 300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer
(DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership on
Swiss Challenge route” (hereinafter referred to as “the Project”)proposed or being developed by the
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (the “Authority”) including but not limited to
signing and submission of all bids and other documents and writings, participate in pre-bids and other
conferences and providing information/ responses to the Authority, presenting us in all matters before
the Authority, signing and execution of all contracts including the Concession Agreement and
undertakings consequent to acceptance of our bid, and generally dealing with the Authority in all
matters in connection with or relating to or arising out of our bid for the said Project and/ or upon
award thereof to us and/or till the entering into of the Concession Agreement with the Authority.
AND we hereby agree to ratify and confirm and do hereby ratify and confirm all acts, deeds and things done or caused to be done by our said Attorney pursuant to and in exercise of the powers conferred by this Power of Attorney and that all acts, deeds and things done by our said Attorney in exercise of the powers hereby conferred shall and shall always be deemed to have been done by us.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF WE, …………………………., THE ABOVE NAMED PRINCIPAL HAVE EXECUTED THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY ON THIS ……… DAY OF …………. 2….. For ………………………….. (Signature, name, designation and address) Witnesses: 1.
2.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 50
Appendix II
Page 2
(Notarized) Person indentified by me/ personally appeared before
me / signed before me/ Attested / Authenticated*
(* Notary to specify as applicable)
(Signature, Name and Address of the Notary)
Seal of the Notary Registration Number of the Notary
Date: ______________
Accepted …………………………… (Signature) (Name, Title and Address of the Attorney)
Notes:
fl The mode of execution of the Power of Attorney should be in accordance with the procedure, if any, laid down by the applicable law and the charter documents of the executant(s) and when it is so required, the same should be under common seal affixed in accordance with the required procedure.
fl Wherever required, the Bidder should submit for verification the extract of the charter
documents and documents such as a board or shareholders’ resolution/ power of attorney in favour of the person executing this Power of Attorney for the delegation of power hereunder on behalf of the Bidder.
fl For a Power of Attorney executed and issued overseas, the document will also have to be
legalized by the Indian Embassy and notarized in the jurisdiction where the Power of Attorney is being issued. However, the Power of Attorney provided by Bidders from countries that have signed the Hague Legislation Convention 1961 are not required to be legalized by the Indian Embassy if it carries a conforming Apostille certificate.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 51
APPENDIX –II A
Power of Attorney for Lead Member of Consortium (To be executed on Non Judicial Stamp Paper of relevant jurisdiction)
Whereas, the Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (“the Authority”) has
invited Bids, from qualified parties for ““Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project
with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum 300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance,
Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private
Partnership (“the Project”).
Whereas, ____________, ____________, and ____________ (collectively the “Consortium”)
being Members of the Consortium are interested in bidding for the Project in accordance with the
terms and conditions of the Request for Proposal and other connected documents in respect of the
Project, and
Whereas, it is necessary for the Members of the Consortium to designate one of them as the Lead
Member with all necessary power and authority to do for and on behalf of the Consortium, all
acts, deeds and things as may be necessary in connection with the Consortium‟s Bid for the
Project and its execution.
NOW THEREFORE KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS
We, ____________ having our registered office at ____________, M/s. ____________, having
our registered office at ____________, and M/s. ____________, having our registered office at
____________, [the respective names and addresses of the registered office] (hereinafter
collectively referred to as the “Principals”) do hereby irrevocably designate, nominate, constitute,
appoint and authorize M/s ____________, having its registered office at _____________, being one of the Members of the
Consortium, as the Lead Member and true and lawful attorney of the Consortium (hereinafter
referred to as the “Attorney”) and hereby irrevocably authorize the Attorney (with power to sub-
delegate) to conduct all business for and on behalf of the Consortium and any one of us during the
Bidding Process and, in the event the Consortium is awarded the Concession/ Contract, during the
execution of the Project and in this regard, to do on our behalf and on behalf of the Consortium,
all or any of such acts, deeds or things as are necessary or required or incidental to the submission
of its Bid for the Project, including but not limited to signing and submission of all applications,
Bids and other documents and writings, participate in Bidders‟ and other conferences, respond to
queries, submit information/ documents, sign and execute contracts and undertakings consequent
to acceptance of the Bid of the Consortium and generally to represent the Consortium in all its
dealings with the Authority, and/ or any other Government Agency or any person, in all matters in
connection with or relating to or arising out of the Consortium‟s Bid for the Project and/ or upon
award thereof till the Concession Agreement is entered into with the Authority.
AND hereby agree to ratify and confirm and do hereby ratify and confirm all acts, deeds and
things lawfully done or caused to be done by our said Attorney pursuant to and in exercise of the
powers conferred by this Power of Attorney and that all acts, deeds and things done by our said
Attorney in exercise of the powers hereby conferred shall and shall always be deemed to have
been done by us/ Consortium.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 52
IN WITNESS WHEREOF WE THE PRINCIPALS ABOVE NAMED HAVE EXECUTED THIS
POWER OF ATTORNEY ON THIS ________ DAY OF ________ 20**.
For ____________ (Name & Title) For ____________ (Name & Title) For ____________ (Name & Title)
Witnesses: 1 2
(Executants) (To be executed by all the Members of the Consortium)
Notes:
• The mode of execution of the Power of Attorney should be in accordance with the
procedure, if any, laid down by the applicable law and the charter documents of the
executant(s) and when it is so required, the same should be under common seal
affixed in accordance with the required procedure.
• Also, wherever required, the bidder should submit for verification the extract of the
charter documents and documents such as a board or shareholders‟ resolution/ power
of attorney in favour of the person executing this power of attorney for the delegation
of power hereunder on behalf of the bidder.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 53
APPENDIX III
Format of BOQ for reference purpose only and not for submission in hard copy.
Tipping Fee as on bid due date
(To be submitted online and in a separate envelope with covering letter)
Tipping Fee ( Rs. / MT)
(Rs in figures)
(Rs in words)
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 54
Appendix – IV
Joint Bidding Agreement
(Applicable for incase of Consortium)
(To be executed on Stamp paper of appropriate value) THIS JOINT BIDDING AGREEMENT is entered into on this the ………… day of
………… 20…
AMONGST
1. {………… } having its registered office at ………… (hereinafter referred to as the “First
Part” which expression shall, unless repugnant to the context include its successors and permitted assigns)
AND
2. {………… } having its registered office at ………… (hereinafter referred to as the
“Second Part” which expression shall, unless repugnant to the context include its successors and permitted assigns)
AND
3. {…………} having its registered office at ………… (hereinafter referred to as the “Third Part” which expression shall, unless repugnant to the context include its successors and permitted assigns)}♣
The above mentioned parties of the FIRST, SECOND and, THIRD PART are collectively referred to as the “Parties” and each is individually referred to as a “Party”
WHEREAS,
A. _____________, established under the _____________, represented by its
_____and having its principal offices at ___________] (hereinafter referred to as “the Authority” which expression shall, unless repugnant to the context or meaning thereof, include its administrators, successors and assigns) has invited Bids (the “Bids”) by its Request for Proposal ………… dated …………(the “RFP”) for selection of bidders for __________________”,Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum 300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for Thiruvananthapuram cluster under
Public Private Partnership’ (the “Project”) through public private partnership.
♣ The number of Parties will be shown here, as applicable, subject to a maximum of 3 (three).
B. The Parties are interested in jointly bidding for the Project as members of a Consortium and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the RFP document and other bid documents in respect of the Project.
C. It is a necessary condition under the RFP document that the members of the
Consortium shall enter into a Joint Bidding Agreement and furnish a copy thereof with the Bid.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 55
NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:
1. Definitions and Interpretations
In this Agreement, the capitalized terms shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning ascribed thereto under the RFP.
2. Consortium
The Parties do hereby irrevocably constitute a consortium (the “Consortium”) for the purposes of jointly participating in the Bidding Process for the Project.
The Parties hereby undertake to participate in the Bidding Process only through this Consortium and not individually and/ or through any other consortium constituted for this Project, either directly or indirectly or through any of their Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary Company.
3. Covenants
The Parties hereby undertake that in the event the Consortium is declared the selected Bidder and awarded the Project, it shall incorporate a special purpose vehicle (the “SPV”) under the Indian Companies Act 1956 for entering into a Concession Agreement with the Authority and for performing all its obligations as the Contractor in terms of the Concession Agreement for the Project.
4. Role of the Parties
The Parties hereby undertake to perform the roles and responsibilities as described below:
a) Party of the First Part shall be the Lead member of the Consortium and shall have
the power of attorney from all Parties for conducting all business for and on behalf of the Consortium during the Bidding Process and until the Appointed Date under the Concession Agreement when all the obligations of the SPV shall become effective;
b) {Party of the Second Part shall be ________________ and}
c) {Party of the Third Part shall be __________________ }
5. Joint and Several Liability
The Parties do hereby undertake to be jointly and severally responsible for all obligations
and liabilities relating to the Project and in accordance with the terms of the RFP document
and the Concession Agreement.
6. Shareholding in the SPV
6.1. The Parties agree that the proportion of shareholding among the Parties in the
SPV shall be as follows:
First Party:
Second Party: {Third Party:}
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 56
The Parties undertake that the members in the consortium shall hold equity as follows:
6.2. In case the Consortium is selected as the Selected Bidder, the Lead Member and a member of the Consortium meeting either technical capacity or financial capacity shall subscribe to 26% (twenty six per cent) or more of the paid up and subscribed equity of the SPV until 5th anniversary of COD.
6.3. The members of the Consortium along with its Affiliate or Parent or its Subsidiary Company (whose technical or financial experience has been claimed for qualification) shall collectively hold at least 100% (hundred per cent) of the subscribed and paid up equity of the SPV at all times until the 5thanniversary of COD.
6.4. The Parties shall comply with all equity lock-in requirements set forth in the Concession Agreement.
7. Representation of the Parties
Each Party represents to the other Parties as of the date of this Agreement that:
a. Such Party is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws
of its incorporation and has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement;
b. The execution, delivery and performance by such Party of this Agreement has been
authorized by all necessary and appropriate corporate or governmental action and a copy of the extract of the charter documents and board resolution/ power of attorney in favour of the person executing this
Agreement for the delegation of power and authority to execute this Agreement on
behalf of the Consortium Member is annexed to this Agreement, and will not, to the
best of its knowledge:
i. require any consent or approval not already obtained;
ii. violate any Applicable Law presently in effect and having applicability to it;
iii. violate the memorandum and articles of association, by-laws or other
applicable organizational documents thereof;
iv. violate any clearance, permit, concession, grant, license or other governmental
authorization, approval, judgment, order or decree or any mortgage agreement, indenture or any other instrument to which such Party is a party or by which such Party or any of its properties or assets are bound or that is otherwise applicable to such Party; or
v. create or impose any liens, mortgages, pledges, claims, security interests,
charges or Encumbrances or obligations to create a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrances or mortgage in or on the property of such Party, except for encumbrances that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or prospects or business of such Party so as to prevent such Party from fulfilling its obligations under this Agreement;
c. this Agreement is the legal and binding obligation of such Party, enforceable in
accordance with its terms against it; and
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 57
d. there is no litigation pending or, to the best of such Party's knowledge, threatened to which it or any of its Affiliates is a party that presently affects or which would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or prospects or business of such Party in the fulfillment of its obligations under this Agreement.
8. Termination
This Agreement shall be effective from the date hereof and shall continue in full force and effect until the Financial Close of the Project is achieved under and in accordance with the Concession Agreement, in case the Project is awarded to the Consortium. However, in case the Consortium is either not qualified for the Project or does not get selected for award of the Project, the Agreement will stand terminated in case the Bidder is not qualified or upon return of the Bid Security by the Authority to the Bidder, as the case may be.
9. Miscellaneous
This Joint Bidding Agreement shall be governed by laws of India.
The Parties acknowledge and accept that this Agreement shall not be amended by the Parties
without the prior written consent of the Authority.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF THE PARTIES ABOVE NAMED HAVE EXECUTED AND DELIVERED THIS AGREEMENT AS OF THE DATE FIRST ABOVE WRITTEN.
SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED
For and on behalf of
LEAD MEMBER by:
SECOND PART
(Signature) (Name) (Designation) (Address)
(Signature) (Name) (Designation) (Address)
SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED For and on behalf of
SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED For and on behalf of
THIRD PART
(Signature) (Name) (Designation) (Address) SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED
For and on behalf of
In the presence of:
1.
2.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster t under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 58
Notes:
1. The mode of the execution of the Joint Bidding Agreement should be in accordance with the procedure, if any, laid down by the Applicable Law and the charter documents of the executant(s) and when it is so required, the same should be under common seal affixed in accordance with the required procedure.
2. Each Joint Bidding Agreement should attach a copy of the extract of the charter
documents and documents such as resolution / power of attorney in favour of the person executing this Agreement for the delegation of power and authority to execute this Agreement on behalf of the Consortium Member.
For a Joint Bidding Agreement executed and issued overseas, the document shall be legalized by the Indian Embassy and notarized in the jurisdiction where the Power of Attorney has been executed.
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 59
Appendix – V
Technical Proposal
Item Total
1 Number of years that the bidder has experience in
successfully operating Waste to Energy Plants [fill in no of years]
2 Number of Waste to Energy projects implemented during
the past 5 (five) years [fill in no of projects]
3 Energy produced in units in the last financial year from the
Waste to Energy projects implemented by the Bidder [fill in MWh]
Date: (Signature, name and designation of the Authorised Signatory)
Place: Name and seal of the Bidder
Note:
1. If the bidder is a single specified entity, the stipulated criteria shall be fulfilled by the bidder itself
or through its Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary. If the bidder is a consortium or joint venture, the
stipulated criteria shall be fulfilled by any member of the consortium by itself or through its Affiliate
or Parent or Subsidiary, wherein the equity share of that member in the SPV shall be as specified in
clause 5.4 of the RFP document.
2. If any of the criteria is met through Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary, Supporting Document
specified above to prove the relevant criteria shall be submitted for such Affiliate or Parent or
Subsidiary, as the case may be. The Bidder shall also submit a Certificate from the Statutory Auditors
or Company Secretary demonstrating the relationship with the applicant in the format given in Annex-
IV of Appendix – I.
3. If the stipulated criteria, either in full or in part, is fulfilled by the Bidder/member of Consortium
through its Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary, it shall submit an undertaking from such Affiliate or
Parent or Subsidiary to the effect that the experience of such Affiliate or Parent or Subsidiary shall be
available for the use of the bidder if selected for implementation of the project.
[The following table shall be filled in for the Applicant and for each member of the Consortium]
Bidder/ Legal Name: [insert full name]
Date: [Insert day, month, year]
Consortium Members Legal Name: [insert full name]
Page [Insert Page Number] of [Insert total number of pages]
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 60
Sl No Starting
Month/Y
ear
Ending
Month/Y
ear
Contract Identification Role of
Applicant
Certificate
provided
[Month/Y
ear]
[Month/Y
ear]
Project Name:
Brief Description of the
Project performed by the
Bidder: [describe the works
performed briefly]
Client Name:
Investment/Cost:
Energy produced:
[Implementation
/Operation etc.]
[Work Orders &
Invoices OR
Work
completion
Certificate/
satisfactory
client Certificate
or other
evidence,
certified by
Statutory
Auditors.]
(Please attach)
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 61
Annex 2: Technical Plan Data Sheet
[Please attach detailed Technical Plan of length not more than 50 pages as per clause 28.3.2 (xiii),
covering the following aspects]
Secondary
Collection Secondary collection strategy from all types of waste
sources with collection time from each during the day
Any collection methodology (e.g., automated, semi-automated,
one- or two-person crews, etc.), including discussion of special
methods (if any) for collecting in narrow streets, courts, and
alleys and special method (if any) for serving particular regions
Number of and description of the collection vehicles to be
utilized (e.g. vehicle description, manufacturer and model
number, cost, capacity, age, lease or ownership arrangements,
etc.)
Any plans to make available bins to collect solid waste,
recyclables or organic materials in various sizes
City wide waste collection - pickup approach & strategies
Monitor and report the volume, weight, frequency of pickup,
recycled materials and all other relevant metrics on a periodic
basis
Segregation
Strategy and action plan for promoting segregation either at
source (optional) or centralized at waste processing site or their
combination
Proposed Segregation process, tools, equipment and machine
at Project Site including its effectiveness & limitations
Identify the best markets for all non-usable and non-degradable
materials in the solid waste and arrange for the collection,
segregation, processing and transportation of these resources to
ensure materials enter those markets. This shall include all
such non-usable and non-degradable materials in this plant, but
not limited to, Metals, plastics, glass, electronics, Rubber,
Tyre, Upholstery, Leather, Bags etc.
Requirement of land and product/process disposition diagram
on the land
Transportation Proposed plan for pick-up schedule (regular &
emergency if any), transportation from waste streams,
including frequency, pickup points, alerting of waste
generators, bin cleaning and routing strategies etc.
Measure waste destined for disposal, maintain accurate records
of each pickup‟s weights and volumes for transportation and
disposal.
Vehicle Planning, Scheduling & dispatching
Strategies and use of ICT/IOT, if any
Processing Detailed description of proposed technology to generate energy
as well as 10% waste discharge including process flow
diagrams for waste processing with its success stories and
demonstration, including technology limitations, if any
Expected number of average units of electricity generation out
of each tonnes of solid waste collected
Details of material balance, input/output, average throughput,
power/water consumption etc., appropriateness and relevance
of the technology, its track record and how it will ensure 10%
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 62
waste discharge & adherence to pollution control standards &
environmental laws etc.
Intermittent processes e.g. Drying, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
Pelletization, digestion etc.
RDF Pellets selling strategy and quantum during operation
phase or subsequently as per evolved strategy.
Biogas selling strategy if bio-methanation is used
Fertilizer selling strategy if bio-methanation is used
Grid connectivity – ensuring voltage & frequency stability and
sustainability of power supply during the day
Plant Maintenance & Management schedule with spare
management & redundancy and other aspects for continued
power supply and zero downtime for the plant.
Requirement of land and product/process disposition diagram
on the land
Technology specific interventions & innovativeness
Handling & Management of Byproducts of Processing unit e.g.
fly ash due to combustion, Bio-digester residues etc. to ensure
zero waste discharge
Environmental emissions including flue gas emissions &
Social issues and their mitigation strategies to meet Indian/
state standards. Details of flue gas treatments viz; scrubbing,
neutralization and filtration to be included.
A detailed cost & revenue analysis for the activity
Disposal Overall disposal ratio at landfill site (less than or equal to 10%)
Type and variety of disposals (if any) with justification for no
scientific process to reuse, recycle or decompose it.
Comply with all applicable laws governing the recycling,
storage, transportation, treatment and disposal (if any) of waste
Environment & Social issues and their mitigation strategies
Implementation Strategies
Design standards and basis of calculation of capital and
operating costs. The estimated project costs for the entire
project life-cycle should be provided, including clearly the
capital cost to be incurred
Present the type, quantity and periodicity of replacement of
infrastructure (bins, push -carts, tools) and vehicles to be
provided for execution of the project
Set out the area utilization plan for the New Site and Project
Facilities including the secondary waste collection bins,
processing facility, any other facilities and common areas etc.
Implementation Plan – present a detailed activity schedule
along with milestones in line with the requirements set out in
the Concession Agreement. This should include a
schedule for procuring installing, deploying equipment
(including bins & ancillary equipment as applicable) for
collection, transportation and processing of solid waste in the
Site. This should also outline the timeline envisaged for
obtaining various Government approvals
Planning, development & implement strategy based on a
greenhouse concept
Operational strategy of the processing plant to ensure 24x7
uninterrupted operations
Strategy to tackle gaseous emissions and meeting of Indian
emission standards
RFP for Development of Integrated Solid Waste Management Project with a Waste to Energy plant of minimum
300 TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at Vizhinjam for
Thiruvananthapuram cluster under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 63
Manpower Bidders should present the calculations for manpower
requirement for different parts of the SWM value-chain.
Proposed organization structure and composition of the project
and operational team to be presented, including staff
deployment plan, number of shifts per day of operations and
roles and responsibilities Bidders should indicate the number
of staff to be sourced locally.
RFP for Integrated Solid Waste Management with a Waste to Energy (WTE) Project of minimum 300
TPD Processing capacity on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis at
Njalianparambu, Thiruvananthpuram District in the State of Kerala for Thiruvananthpuram
Corporation, Government of Kerala under Public Private Partnership
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 64
Appendix – VI
Technical Capacity
Bidder/ Legal Name: [insert full name]
Date: [Insert day, month, year]
Consortium Members Legal Name: [insert full name]
Page [Insert Page Number] of [Insert total number of pages]
Starting
Month/Yea
r
Ending
Month/Yea
r
Contract Identification Role of Applicant Certificate
provided
[Month/Ye
ar]
[Month/Ye
ar]
Project Name:
Brief Description of the Project
performed by the Bidder:
[describe the works performed
briefly]
Client Name:
Investment/Cost:
Energy produced:
[Design &
Development/Ope
ration etc.]
[Work Orders &
Invoices OR
Work completion
Certificate/
satisfactory client
Certificate or
other evidence,
certified by
Statutory
Auditors.] (Please
attach)
Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (KSIDC) | P a g e 65
8.1 Requirements from Government of Kerala .................................................................. 76
8.2 Project Development Framework, Staffing & Deployment Plan ..................................76
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ExecutiveSummaryIntroductionGovernment of Kerala, through its Local Self Government Department, is in theprocess of implementing an integrated Solid Waste Management solution for theentire State on a high priority and for this purpose it is envisaged to setup andoperate Waste to Energy Plants at identified locations across the State throughPublic Private Partnership under ‘Design Build Finance Operate and Transfer(DBFOT)’basisunderSwisschallengemodeforTrivandrumcluster.Thisprefeasibilityreportisbeingsubmittedbytheproposerundertheswisschallengemethod.MSWSectorOverview,MarketAssessment&ProjectionTheReportoftheTaskForceonWastetoEnergyofthePlanningCommissionin2014estimatesMSWgeneration inIndiaat62milliontonnesby377millionpopulation in2013-14.TheMinistryofUrbanDevelopment,GovernmentofIndiaestimatesarethesamefortheyear2014-15.Assumingurbanpopulationof440million in2017(basedonprojectionsfromUnitedNationspopulationestimates)andpercapitadailywastegenerationof450gm,theMSWgeneratedfor2017comesto72milliontonnes.ThecompositionofMunicipalSolidWasteinIndiaaspertheReportoftheTaskForceofthePlanningCommission (2014). It indicates that biodegradable componentof thetotalmunicipal solidwaste in India is 51%. Besides, biodegradable content,MSW inIndiacontains10%plastic,7%paperand32%othersliketextile,glass,metal,drainsilt,street sweeping & inerts. According to Report of Task Force onWaste to Energy(2014)1,about80%isdisposedofindiscriminatelyatdumpyardsinanunhygienicandunscientific manner. Considering, business as usual scenario of 62 million tonnesannual generation of MSW continues to be dumped without treatment, it wouldneed340,000cubicmetres(1240hectaresperyearat10metreheightanddensityof500 kg/m3) of landfill space every day.3 With projected waste generation of 165milliontonnesby2031,thelandconsumedbylandfillsfor20yearscouldbeashighas45,400 hectares of precious land, which the country cannot afford. Data on theachievements on waste management under Clean India Mission for the year 2018indicates that 36.69% of solidwaste is processed in the country,with 88.4MWofwaste to energy production and 1.5 million tonnes per annum of compostproduction.Therefore,thereisagrowingmarketforenvironmenttechnologiesthatspecificallydealwithMunicipalSolidWastemanagement.End-usersareprimarilythecivic authorities, and various pollution control boards. However, given thetremendouspotential of convertingwaste into usable products/services, there is astrongtrendofprivatesectorparticipation inthissub-sectorthroughpublicprivatepartnerships. Urban population of Kerala generates about 7168 tonnes per day ofMSW.Thisisbasedonurbanpopulationestimatesof15.93million(census2011)and
percapitawastegenerationestimatesof450gmperday.Theexistingwastedisposalprocess is restricted to collection, limited treatment like composting followed bysurfacedumping.ThereisaneedtoarrestthewastegoingintolandfillsiteinIndiaaswellas inKerala.Thisneedhasbeen identifiedtobeat least75%of thetotalMSWgenerationthroughitsprocessingusingappropriatetechnologies.Theseappropriatetechnologiescanassistinrealizingabout50to60MWofwastetoenergypotentialinthe state. SWOT analysis indicates that (RDF based) waste to energy options orincinerationbasedoptionsaresuitedforKeralaconsidering limitationofavailabilityof land.However, the incineration (RDF /OpenBurning) technologyneed tomeetinternationalstandardsforemissionsalongwithzerolandfilldischarge.Technology/Advantages/Innovativeness:TheproposerhasproposedaveryinnovativeWTEtechnologybasedontheconceptof3R,whichnotonlymeetsthehigherenergyproductionpertonofMSWbutalsomeets the international air emission standards. Further, there is no requirementoflandfillforashdisposal.Theuniquenessofthetechnologyisdescribedbelow.Theproposedprojecthasuniquefeaturesashighlightedbelow.
1. Noneedforsecondary landfill for thedumpingofAshgeneratedbyWTEprocess.
2. Noneedforthereceiptofsegregatedwaste3. No need for on site bio-drying which can cause objectionable odors for
nearbycommunities4. Guaranteed commercial viability, due to theability togenerate 1000 kWh
RegulatoryRequirements&Environmental&SocialImpactAssessmentEmergingtrendsfromregulatoryandpolicyframeworkindicatesthatthereismajorfocus on resource recovery with emphasis on waste segregation andinstitutionalizationof3Rs implementation.Theuniqueof theproposedfacility is toinstitutionalize resource recovery consisting of extraction of discarded materialsfrom waste for reuse so as to defer consumption of virgin resources, mitigategreenhouse effect, and minimize the amount of waste disposed into landfills.Therefore, components,materialandenergynot recovered fromwastestreamssofarinKeralaoffertremendousvaluewhichcanbepotentiallyrealizedbyeliminatingwastethroughtheadoptionofcircularbusinessmodels.Theprojectlocationaswellastechnologyproposedisexpectedtohaveminimumimpactduringconstruction&operationoftheproject.
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Theprojectdoesnot involveanypopulationfor rehabilitationandresettlement.Allthelaborrequiredforconstructionofthefacilitywillbeprovidedwithadequatecivicas well as health and safety facilities. Further, all the measures prescribed in theenvironmental&socialstatutorypermissionwillbeimplemented. FinanceTheproposedWTEfacilitywillrequireatotalinvestmentof680Crores.ThefundingrequirementfortheProjectisproposedtobemetthroughamixofShareholders’equityandTermdebtatanaggregateDebt:Equityratioof80:20.Theproposerhasalreadyreceivedfirmcommitmentsfromfunding institutionsfor100%of the Termdebt and iswilling to produce documentary evidence to establish thesame.Theproposerhasmadeallfinancialprojectionsbasedoftheavailabilityof450TPDofMSW. Any changes to the amount of availableMSWwill result in changes to thesizing of the proposed WTE facility and proportional changes to the proposedfinancials.RiskProfile/RequirementfromGovernment/ProjectStructureTheGovernmentofKerala canplay a critical role in the successful implementationandoperationofaWTEfacility.Themajor requirementfromthestategovernmentaregivenbelow.
• AllotmentoflandatacurrentMSWprocessingsite.• Operatingcontract(ConcessionPeriod)for25yearsorhigher.• Onewindowclearanceorassistancewithalllicense&permits.• Assistance with signing a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with State
Conclusions Theriskprofileoftheprojectindicatesthatmajorityofrisksarelowduetofinancial& technical strength of the proposer. The proposer has developed a well-definedprojectstructure,whichwillbeestablishedoncegivenanopportunitytoimplementtheproject.
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Chapter–1:Introduction&Background
1.0 IntroductionIndia is facingoneof itsmostdifficult challenges like anyother rapidly developingcountrywithitslargequantitiesofwastebeingproducedasaresultoffasteconomicgrowth and urbanization. The growing population combined with economicmigrationintothecitiesnotonlygeneratesanever-increasingamountofwaste,butalso requires an increase in electrical power to meet the extra demand. In thiscontext, solid waste management has been a critical issue in Kerala, especially inurban areas, for many years. Government of Kerala, through its Local SelfGovernment Department, is in the process of implementing an integrated SolidWaste Management solution for the entire State on a high priority and for thispurpose it is envisaged to setup and operateWaste to Energy Plants at identifiedlocations across the State through Public Private Partnership under ‘Design BuildFinanceOperate and Transfer (DBFOT)’ basis. Kerala State Industrial DevelopmentCorporation (KSIDC) is appointed as theNodal Agency for the selection of PrivatePartner for the implementation of such projects at various locations/clusters.Therefore, a prefeasibility study report is being submitted for development ofTrivandrumclusterinKeralaIndia.2.0 ProjectIdeaThe current situation in the city of Trivandrum (Kerala, South India) is that, theexistingwastedisposalprocess is limited to just collectionandsurfacedumpingofthe waste into uncontrolled sites. The environmental damage and risks to humanhealthfromthisactivitycreatesareescalatingdaily.Developedcountrieshaveoverthepastthreedecadesmasteredtheartofconvertingwastetoenergyasananswerto the challenges of processing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) into a sustainablegreenenergysource.The technologyandbusinessmodelareverywellestablishedandrapidlygrowingacross theglobeandthisprojectwillbean initiative to launchthissuccessfulsolutioninIndiathroughtheTrivandrumwastetoenergyplant.Inthisregard, Local Self Government Department, Government of Kerala, proposes todevelop an Integrated Solid Waste Management project with a Waste to Energyplant of a minimum processing capacity of 450 Tonnes Per day (TPD) for theThiruvananthapuram Cluster. This project will be implemented by inviting globalcompetitivebidsunderswisschallengemethodfrominterestedentitiesorgroupofentities to execute the Project in partnership with GoK under Public PrivatePartnershipunder‘Design,Build,Finance,OperateandTransfer’basis.
Chapter–2:SectorProfile,MarketAssessment&Opportunities2.0 IndustryOverview(IO)ThestatusofMSWinIndia&Keralahasbeendescribedintermsofitsdefinition,itsgeneration, its composition, handling and management. It is followed by marketassessment, identification of opportunities & key issues. The following sectionssummarizeeachoftheseitemsbasedonsecondarydata.2.1 DefinitionsofWasteandRelatedManagementUnderMunicipalSolidWasteMunicipalsolidwasteisdefinedtoincludehouseholdwaste,commercialandmarketarea waste, slaughter house waste, institutional waste (e.g., from schools,community halls), horticultural waste (from parks and gardens), waste from roadsweeping, silt from drainage, and treated biomedical waste (Figure 2.1). Earlier,construction and demolition (C&D)waste used to be defined as part ofmunicipalsolid waste until 2015. However, SolidWaste Management Rules 2016 have takenC&DwasteoutofthedefinitionofMSW.
Figure2.1:WasteStreamsunderMunicipalSolidWasteSource: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, GoI (2017); Waste to Wealth; A Ready Reckoner forSelectionofTechnologiesforManagementofMunicipalWasteIt may be noted that C&D Waste, Plastic waste, E-waste, Biomedical Waste,Hazardous Waste & Battery Waste are covered under different regulations. AsimplifiedversionofmunicipalsolidwastemanagementacrosswastevaluechaininIndiaisshowninFigure2.2.
2.2 MunicipalSolidWasteGenerationinIndiaA number of municipal solid waste generation estimates are given by differentsourcesat country level. Theseestimatesaredescribed inTable 2.1.AsperCentralPollutionControlBoard,GovernmentofIndia’sestimatesMSWgenerationfor2014-15is52milliontonnesperannum.TheMinistryofUrbanDevelopment,GovernmentofIndiaestimatesarethesamefortheyear2014-15.TheReportoftheTaskForceonWastetoEnergyofthePlanningCommissionin2014estimatesMSWgenerationat62milliontonnesby377millionpopulationin2013-14.Assumingurbanpopulationof440millionin2017(basedonprojectionsfromUnitedNationspopulationestimates)andpercapitadailywastegenerationof450gm,theMSWgeneratedfor2017comesto72milliontonnes.2.3 MunicipalSolidWasteCompositionThecompositionofMunicipalSolidWasteinIndiaaspertheReportoftheTaskForceof the Planning Commission (2014) is shown in Figure 2.3. It indicates thatbiodegradablecomponentofthetotalmunicipalsolidwasteinIndiais51%.However,it has been reported that based on the data available for a few cities, thebiodegradablecomponentwouldbesomewherebetween55%and60%onanannualbasis.2 As Figure 2.4 shows through a comparison across the different incomegroupings of countries, the biodegradable component of municipal solid wastedeclines with rise in income.3 The high income countries have 28%, upper middleincomecountries54%,andthelowermiddleincomecountries59%oftheirmunicipalsolidwaste,whichisbiodegradable.India’sbiodegradablecomponent,bycontrast,islower than its group of lower middle income countries.2 Besides, biodegradablecontent,MSWinIndiacontains10%plastic,7%paperand32%othersliketextile,glass,metal,drainsilt,streetsweeping&inerts.
2MSWRules,20163WhataWaste,TheWorldBank2012
MSWGeneration
(WasteStreams)
Treatment(method,technique
&process)
Disposal
Collection&Transportation
Transportation
Handling
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wastetoenergyplantswithaproductioncapacityof88.4MW.Numberofwastetoenergyplants,whichareunderconstructionare56withaproductioncapacityof415MW. 4BengaluruandPuneare theonly two largecities (populationgreater than5million)with around50%of thewaste segregatedat source.Amongmid-size cities(population 1 million to 5million), Indore andMysore have achieved 90% and 95%segregationatsource,respectivelyandanumberofsmalltownshaveattained100%segregation.2The 2018 cleanliness rankings of all ULBs indicated participation of 4203 ULBscovering all states and UTs in the country (barring Lakshadweep).5 The resultsindicatedthatthereare1863ULBswhichpracticedoortodoorgarbagecollectioninmorethan40%ofwards.Further,436ULBshavealreadyinitiatedsourcesegregationofwasteinatleast40%ofthewards.About168ULBsareprocessing80%ormoreoftheircollectedwetwastewithinthecityand100ULBsareprocessingatleast80%oftheircollecteddrywaste.62.5 CurrentWasteManagementMethodsinIndiaTheReportofTaskForceonWastetoEnergy,Governmentof India6clearlydepictsthe classification/ characterization of thewaste and the technology options for itstreatment.
recycling)DataontheachievementsonwastemanagementunderCleanIndiaMissionindicatesthat 36.69% of solidwaste is processed in the country,with 88.4MWofwaste toenergyproductionand 1.5million tonnesperannumofcompostproduction.Thereareabout 145compostplants,whichare functionalhavingan input capacityof6.2million tonnesper annum. There are about 150 compostplants under constructionwithan input capacityof 3.3million tonnesper annum.Thereare seven functional
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wastetoenergyplantswithaproductioncapacityof88.4MW.Numberofwastetoenergyplants,whichareunderconstructionare56withaproductioncapacityof415MW. 4BengaluruandPuneare theonly two largecities (populationgreater than5million)with around50%of thewaste segregatedat source.Amongmid-size cities(population 1 million to 5million), Indore andMysore have achieved 90% and 95%segregationatsource,respectivelyandanumberofsmalltownshaveattained100%segregation.2The 2018 cleanliness rankings of all ULBs indicated participation of 4203 ULBscovering all states and UTs in the country (barring Lakshadweep).5 The resultsindicatedthatthereare1863ULBswhichpracticedoortodoorgarbagecollectioninmorethan40%ofwards.Further,436ULBshavealreadyinitiatedsourcesegregationofwasteinatleast40%ofthewards.About168ULBsareprocessing80%ormoreoftheircollectedwetwastewithinthecityand100ULBsareprocessingatleast80%oftheircollecteddrywaste.62.5 CurrentWasteManagementMethodsinIndiaTheReportofTaskForceonWastetoEnergy,Governmentof India6clearlydepictsthe classification/ characterization of thewaste and the technology options for itstreatment.
Therefore,theseveralmethodsofprocessingandtreatmentofmunicipalsolidwastecanbegroupedtogetheras:1.BiologicalProcessing(CompostingandBiomethanation)2.ThermalProcessingorWastetoEnergyProcessing3.ProcessingforReuseFigure2.5givesthepathwaysastothemunicipalsolidwasteprocessingtechnologyto be opted for a given type of waste. Therefore, there is a growing market forenvironment technologies that specifically deal with Municipal Solid Wastemanagement. End-users are primarily the civic authorities, and various pollutioncontrolboards.However,given the tremendouspotentialof convertingwaste intousableproducts/services,thereisastrongtrendofprivatesectorparticipationinthissub-sectorthroughpublicprivatepartnerships.ThevariousmethodsoftreatmentofMSWareasfollows:2.5.1 Composting(i)AerobicCompostingThebacterialconversionoftheorganicspresentinMSWinthepresenceofairunderhotandmoistconditions iscalledcomposting,andthefinalproductobtainedafterbacterialactivityiscalledcompost(humus),whichhasveryhighagriculturalvalue.Itisusedasfertilizer,anditisnon-odorousandfreeofpathogens.(ii)Vermi-compostingVermi-compostinginvolvesstabilizationoforganicwastethroughthejointactionofearthworms and aerobic microorganisms. Initially, microbial decomposition ofbiodegradable organic matter occurs through extra cellular enzymatic activity(primary decomposition). Earthworms feed on partially decomposed matter,consumingfivetimestheirbodyweightoforganicmatterperday.Theingestedfoodis furtherdecomposed in thegutof theworms, resulting inparticlesize reduction.Thewormcastproductcanserveasabio-fertilizerinagriculture.However,thearearequiredislarger,whencomparedtodrycomposting.2.5.2 WastetoEnergyWithlimitedlandavailableforsolidwastedisposalandunscientificwaysofdisposingsolidwaste,generatingenergyformwasteprovidessolutiontothetwinproblemofpower shortage and overflowing landfill sites and deteriorating ecosystems. Theconcept of energy recovery fromwastes has been taken up byMinistry ofNew&Renewable Energy (MNRE) on amuch focused level. Thepotential for recovery ofenergyfromwasteishighinIndia.AspertheMNREaround4,566MWofpowercanbegeneratedfromMSWby2017.
Road• GPS devised and sensors on waste trucks will ensure that the garbage is
collectedanddisposedoffinatimelymanner.SmartCitiesMissionTheSmartCitiesprogrammelaunchedonJuly25th,2015aimstodevelopcitiesthatapplysmartsolutionstoprovidecoreinfrastructureandgivedecentqualityoflifetoits citizens. It aims at developing an entire urban eco-system along with the fourpillarsofcomprehensivedevelopment– Institutional,physical, socialandeconomicinfrastructure.Thegovernmentplanstobuild100smartcitiesunderthemission.PlannedimpactofSmartCitiesMissiononMSWSector
• Theseplantstofocusonmaximumresourcerecovery/minimalemissions• AutomatedWastecollectionsystemswithminimumhumanintervention• Tracking device on transportation vehicle to avoid overpayment based on
2.7 MSWOpportunities&ProjectionsinIndiaConsidering growing population & waste generation is growing in India, if theassumptionwithrespecttopercapitadailywastegenerationisloweredto400gm,theestimateofMSWgeneratedfor2017 is lower, i.e.,64milliontonnes.7Thisdoesnot includeotherwaste streams likeConstruction andDemolitionwaste forwhichtheestimatesrangefromamere10milliontonnesperannum.2Thisindicatesthatarangeof52to64milliontonnesofMSWgenerationcanbeconsideredforplanningthewastemanagement.AccordingtoReportofTaskForceonWastetoEnergy(2014)8,about80%isdisposedof indiscriminately at dump yards in an unhygienic and unscientific manner.Considering, business as usual scenario of 62 million tonnes annual generation ofMSW continues to be dumped without treatment, it would need 340,000 cubicmetres (1240 hectares per year at 10 metre height and density of 500 kg/m3) oflandfill spaceeveryday.3Withprojectedwastegenerationof 165million tonnesby2031,thelandconsumedbylandfillsfor20yearscouldbeashighas45,400hectaresofpreciousland,whichthecountrycannotafford.3
2.8 RegionalProfile(RP) Urban population of Kerala generates about 7168 tonnes per day ofMSW. This isbased on urban population estimates of 15.93million (census 2011) and per capitawastegenerationestimatesof450gmperday.Theexistingwastedisposalprocessisrestricted to collection, limited treatment like composting followed by surfacedumping.2.8.1CompositionThe physical composition of MSWs at the collection point and dumping sites, asreportedbytheKSUDP(KeralaStateUrbanDevelopmentProject), isgiveninTable2.1.ItindicatesthatinTrivandrum,around85%ofthewasteiscompostableorganicsfollowedPaperandPlastics.Table2.1:PhysicalcompositionofMSW(Trivandrum)TypeofMSW PercentPerTon
7IsherJudgeAhluwalia&UtkarshPatel(2018);IndianCouncilforResearchonInternationalEconomicRelations; Working Paper No. 356; Solid Waste Management in India An Assessment of ResourceRecoveryandEnvironmentalImpact8ReportoftheTaskForceonWastetoEnergy,PlanningCommission,May12,2014(http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_wte1205.pdf)
3.43 2.48 0.2 5.13 -- 11.95 24.3 <0.1ThesestudieswereconductedbyKSUDPin2006.Basedonhistoricalexperience,wecan assume that the chemical composition ofMSWwould have changed, with anincrease inNon-Biogenicwaste, in comparison to Biogenicwaste.We also assumethatthischangewouldhaveincreasedthecalorificvalueoftheMSWinTrivandrum.2.9 KeyIssues(KI)&OpportunitiesinKeralaThereisaneedtoarrestthewastegoingintolandfillsiteinIndiaaswellasinKerala.Thisneedhasbeenidentifiedtobeatleast75%ofthetotalMSWgenerationthrough
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its processing using appropriate technologies. These appropriate technologies canassistinrealizingabout50to60MWofwastetoenergypotentialinthestate.SWOT analysis of various technology options available for WTE projects arementionedbelow:Table-:SWOTAnalysisofWtETechnologyOptionsTECHNOLOGY STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATSMassBurningOrIncineration
Purificationofwetwaste andminimization ofodour problemsdue to possibilityof chargingmixedwaste into theIncineratorrelativelysooner.
Incineration ofmixed waste leadsto wastage ofenergy on accountofmoisture contentin the waste andthusresultsinlowernet energyproduction.
No segregation atsource; no segregatedtransportationrequired.
2.8 RegionalProfile(RP)SWOT analysis indicates that (RDF based)waste to energy options or incinerationbased options are suited for Kerala considering limitation of availability of land.However, the incineration (RDF / Open Burning) technology need to meetinternationalstandardsforemissionsalongwithzerolandfilldischarge.
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Chapter–3:ProjectConcept3.0 DescriptionoftheProjectLocalSelfGovernmentDepartment,GovernmentofKerala,proposestodevelopanIntegrated Solid Waste Management project with a Waste to Energy plant of aminimum processing capacity of 450 Tonnes Per day (TPD) for theThiruvananthapuramClusteroperating in theStateofKerala throughopenbiddingunder Swiss Challenge Method. The selected entity will execute the Project inpartnershipwithGoKunderPublicPrivatePartnershipunder‘Design,Build,Finance,OperateandTransfer’basis,asdetailedinthisRFP.Theproject isproposedtobedevelopedasaportbasedpowerprojectatthebackupareanearVizhinjamInternationalSeaportLtd.TheproposedWTEplantwouldbebuilt on a 90,000 square foot (~2 acre) section of this site. The power beinggenerated intheplantwillbeconsumedfortheoperationoftheportand itsalliedactivities.15acresoflandadjacenttotheportareaatVizhinjamwillbeprovidedonanominal lease and the Private Partner is expected to design the plant and acomprehensive plan for the complete chain of solidwastemanagement, build thesame by arranging the finance required for the same, operate the project for thespecifiedperiodandtransferitbacktoGoK/LSGIsattheendofthespecifiedperiod,in accordance with the detailed terms and conditions contained in the draftConcession Agreement. The latitude & longitude of the project is 8º22’16.5”N &77º00’11.4’’EandgiveninFigure3.1.
The scope of the Private Partner include the secondary collection, segregation,transportation and processing of solid waste generated in the cluster using anappropriatetechnology.3.1 ComponentsoftheProjectThewastetoenergyprojectisbeingdevelopedtogenerateelectricityandheatwhilecan be used for the industrial processes developed in the future, including lowtemperature heat recovery and processing. The largest part of the electricitygenerated by the plant will be sold to the grid. Heat generated is a value-addcomponent and will be used in a secondary generation process based on lowtemperatureheat recovery.Thesecondarygeneration iscontemplatedasasecondphaseoftheproject.Pairingmultiple industrial processeson allotted sitewould create an Eco-IndustrialPark and showcase Trivandrum & Kerala at the forefront of sustainable wastemanagementpractices.Eco-industrialparksstrivetotakefulladvantageofsymbioticindustrial processes and provide numerous benefits to the community and theenvironment. Finally, this reduces the volume of waste being landfilled and heavyemissionfromtrucktrafficneededtodoso,whilemovingTrivandrumupthewastepyramid(seeFigure3.2,below).
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Figure3.2:TheHierarchyofWasteManagement
This Waste Management Hierarchy prioritizes the industry’s best practices, withsourcereductionandreusefavoredoverrecycling,composting,WTE,andlandfilling.Energy recovery and/or conservation are a theme throughout, as any wastereductionpromotesefficiencysomewhereinthedisposalsystem.Becausetherearebothmaterialandpracticallimitstotheamountofwastewhichcanberecycledandcomposted,alternativesfortheremainderofthewastestreammustbeconsideredafter recycling, reduction, and reusearemaximized.WTE is highlypreferable to alllandfillingpracticesandthereforeshouldbetakenseriouslyasavalidandbeneficialmeansofwastedisposal.3.1.1 DesignandAnalysisConsidering the overarching principle of 3R, the overall background and goalsdiscussedearlierthissectionswilldetailthedesignprocessitselfasdescribedbelow.Annexure3.1describestheoverallmaterialflowdiagram.3.1.2 PreparationandFeed3.1.2.1 PoliciesandProceduresA framework has been described below, for standard tipping floor policies andproceduresand itencompassesunloading locationanddistance requirements (e.g.thebackendof trucks transportingMSWto theplantmust remainat least 10 feet
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awayfrompitopening)aswellassafetyguidelines(e.g.locationswhereemployeesmustwear safety harnesses). A distinct unloading areawill be allocated for truckswithdepositsthatrequiremorethanonepersontohelpunload.Effortswillbemadetominimize all pedestrian traffic on the tipping floor to helpminimize health andsafetyrisks.Allalarmsandsignalswillbeprovidedwiththerequiredamountback-uppowersupplyandwillbeequippedwithlightstoincreaseawarenessofalarmsduringhighambientnoiseperiods.3.1.2.2 PermittingRequirementsWTE facilities in Kerala State are subject to the permitting and monitoring bymultiple, State and Central government agencies. WTE facilities are subject topermittinginthreeprimaryareas:SolidWasteManagement Facility permitting, Air Pollution Control, and HazardousWasteManagementFacility).There isafourthpermittype,WasteHauling,thatwilllikely be necessary for objects that the facility is not able to combust (i.e. undulybulkyorhazardousobjects),andthesematerialswillneedtobetransportedoff-site.Notethatawastehaulingpermitisnotneededforthetransportationofincineratorash.Thesepermitsensurethatallpotentialemissionsandwastematerialsproducedduringfacilityoperationsareaccountedandbelowlocalandfederalstandardlevels.It is therefore necessary for the responsible party to perform a full environmentalimpact analysis before the facility is constructed. Some of the completenessrequirementsforpermitapprovalinclude:
to determine those State and Federal requirements that are applicable tothefacility
• AssessmentofenvironmentalimpactsAlthoughcomplianceandnon-compliance feesandpenaltiesareclear, the fees forpermitapplicationcanvarygreatly.Theapplicationsthemselvesdonotrequirefeesforsubmission,butthepreparationofeachpermitmustbecompletedinfull(bypaidemployees or contractors), and permit applications and subsequent discussion ormediationwiththevariousState&Centralagencieswillrequireslegaladvice.Thesecosts will be variable depending on the amount of time taken by application andcompliancemonitoring.
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3.1.2.3 Segregation&ContaminantRemovalBatteriesareshowntobethesinglegreatestcontributortothehazardouschemicalcomponentoftheincomingMSW.Reportsindicatethat,evenafter80%oflead-acidautomobilebatteriesarerecoveredforrecycling,theremaining20%areestimatedtocontribute66%of the lead inMSW.Householdbatteriesaccount forapproximately90%of themercury...nickel-cadmiumbatteriesmayberesponsible forupto52%ofthecadmium.By first targeting batteries as important items to remove, the identified primaryhazardous waste sources could be reduced by almost 50%. This analysis is alsovaluable, as it demonstrates the feasibility of size-based separation for a largeincomingwastestream.Atrommelscreeningmethodmaybeusedtosize-separatehouseholdbatteriesfromthe incomingwaste stream, by sendingwaste through a rotating "trommel" drumwithperforationsaround itsperiphery, so thatobjects smaller than theperforatedopeningscanbeseparatedfromthemainstreamofMSW.ExperimentsperformedattheHong KongUniversity of Science and Technology have demonstrated that theremovalefficiencyofbatteriesincreasesasthedegreeofinclinationofthetrommeland rotational speed decreases, increasing the residence time of thewaste in thetrommel. If system parameters like feed rate, degree of inclination, and rotationalspeedaremaximized,thenrecoveryefficiency,especiallyforsmallbatteries,canbegreaterthan80%.Sizesofthetrommelsrangefrom2.5-3.5mindiameterand3.5-4minlength.WhilethisisnotprohibitivelylargeforaWTEfacilitytoincorporateintoitsincomingwastehandlingspace,theresidencetimerequiredtomaximizeremovalisin the order of 1.2-1.8 tons of MSW per hour (depending upon target removalefficiency). Thiswould require between 111 and 166 hours to process the incomingwaste stream, which is clearly not practical. If multiple trommels were operatingsimultaneously, this would reduce the processing time, but the percentage of thewastethatwouldbeabletopassthroughthetrommelseachdayisstillfarbelowthesizeofthefacility’sincomingstream.Integratingtentrommels,asshowninTable3.1below (which considers both high and low ends of the residence time range); atmost, amaximumof 11.9% of total batteriesmay be removed. The introduction ofeachadditionaltrommelrelaysanincreaseof0.79%inresultantbatteryremoval.
3.1.2.4 TippingFloorAlthoughthefacilitywillnottargethazardousmaterialsspecificallyforremoval,thetippingfloorwillallowforremovalof incombustiblematerials, includinglargeitemsmadeofglassandmetalorlargeappliancesgatheredaspartofbulkitemcollections.Byunloadingtrucksinasecurearea(thetippingfloor),andthenutilizingsecondaryvehicles tomovewaste intoor away from theboiler feedpit, facilities can controland normalize the distribution of size and material in the boiler feed. AlthoughseparationofmetalsatWTEfacilitiesexperiencessuccess throughuseofmagneticseparation and other post combustion separation technologies, the tipping floorallows for removalof largeandclearly identifiable sourcesofmetals, subsequentlyreducingtheresultingvolumeofashandmaximizingtheheatingvalue.Currentlyatmassburn facilities in theUS, approximately43%of ferrousmetals, and5%ofnon-ferrousmetals are recovered, percentages which could potentially be increased iflargesourceswereremovedfromthetippingfloor.Waste brought to transfer stations occurs around the clock, but peaks during thesecond shift - between the hours of 8AM and 12 PM - as a response to density ofresidential collection routes and municipal trucks collection shift scheduling. Thetipping floor design must accommodate the peak arrival rate of municipal trucks,given that no intermediary transfer station will be used. In response to municipaltrucks scheduling, the facility needs tobeopen to acceptwaste 24hoursperday,over three shifts. During nighttime (8 PM to 8AM), when there will be fewermunicipal truck deliveries, the facility may be able to benefit from acceptingdeliveries of commercial waste. This increase in number of hours for deliverieschangesthenumberofdepositbaysrequiredandthefootprintoftheoveralldepositbayarea.Thecalculationstodeterminebayrequirementsarebasedonthefollowingassumptions,whichallowfordepositofapeakmaximumrateof200TPDofwaste:Thefacilitywilloperate24hoursperday,brokendownintothreeshifts.Inkeepingwithcompanylaborpolicies,weighingstationandtippingflooremployeeswillwork6.5hoursoutofeach8-hourshift,toallowforshiftchangesandbreaktime,sothefacilitywillacceptwasteatotalof19.5hoursoutofeach24-hourperiod.Thefacilitywill need tobe able to accept approximately 60 collection trucks eachday,with apeak rateof 10 trucks/hourbetween9AMand 11AM.Allowing forhourlypeakingfactorof150%,andseasonalpeakingfactorof125%,thisrequiresamaximumdepositcapacity of 15 trucks per hour. Given an average unloading time of 10 minutes, 3deposit bay’s will be needed. At a standard of 13 feet per bay, 50 feet width, 3unloadingspaceswould requirea totalbayzone lengthof40 feet,anda totalbayzone area of 1900 square feet. This area represents the space requirement forunloadingonly, andnot for transportofwaste into thepit.Averageweigh stationwaitingtimepervehicleisapproximately2minutes,soinordertomeetthe15truckperhourrequirement,thefacilitywillneedone(1)weighstation.
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3.1.2.5 WasteStorageOncetheMSWarrivesonsiteandisunloadedontothetippingfloor,itwillbemovedintoastoragepit.Thestoragepitisdesignedtoholdacapacityof600tonsor30,000cubicfeetofMSW,whichwillallowfor3daysofstorage.Although3daysofstorageisshorterthantheaveragestoragecapacitiesofsuburbanWTEfacilities,thesmallerstoragecapacitywasdesigned toaccommodate the limited spaceavailable for theWTEfacility.Thestoragepitwillbeoperatedbyanoverheadcrane.AtypicaloverheadcraneforWTE storage pits can handle approximately 60 tons per hour and can pick upapproximately 1 tonofMSWper scoop. In addition tomoving thewaste from thestorage pit into the hopper, the crane operator is also responsible to “fluff” thewaste(i.e.mixthewasteinthepit)inordertoobtainamorehomogenousstreamofwasteenteringthecombustionchamber.3.1.3 CombustionandPowerGenerationPreprocessing of waste can increase combustor efficiency and can make a morehomogeneous waste stream, which increases combustion stability, and decreasesmaintenance costs of the boiler. On the other hand, pre-processing of wasteincreasescapitalcostsandcanuseasignificantamountofenergyupfront.Duetothesizeconstraintsofthesite,extensivepreprocessingofwasteintorefusederivedfuelwasnotfeasible.Becausefluidizedbedcombustorsrequirepreprocessingofwastestream, they were not considered for our site. Removal of particularly hazardouscomponentsofthewasteissometimesusefulfordecreasingemissionsandthecostof pollution control equipment, but as discussed above, the benefits of hazardouscomponentremovalprovednegligibleforthisfacility.3.1.3.1 GrateAmovinggratesystemwasconsideredinsteadofastationarygratesystemsothatwaste could bemoved continuously through the combustion chamber because ofthe large volume of waste that must be processed. The grate moves the wastethrough the burner/boiler to be combusted. The grate continues moving the ashthroughthesystemtobequenched,andtheashisthentransportedbyaconveyortoash treatment units or to storage where it can then be shipped off site. Gratesystems are typically designed to move in either a reciprocating or reversereciprocating direction. Reciprocating grates move in the direction of waste flow,primarilytomovewastealong,whilereversereciprocatinggratesmoveagainsttheflow of MSW to increase the mixing of the waste and help facilitate completecombustion.
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Our design utilizes reverse reciprocating grates because of the enhanced burnout.Another concern with grates is their ability to withstand high temperatures. Hightemperaturecanbedestructivetothegrate;thus,itmustbecooledbyeitherwaterorair.Water-cooledgratesareneededforwastewithhigherenergycontent(10-30MJ/kg)asthegratewillbecomemuchhotter,buttheyarecostlierandmoredifficulttodesignandoperate.Air-cooledgratescanbeusedforlowerenergycontentfuels(6-14MJ/kg)andcanbedesignedandoperatedmoreeasily.NYCMSWhasanenergycontentofabout9.67MJ/kg;thus,theair-cooledgratewillworkwellinthisdesign.An air-cooledgratepulls in primary combustion air over thewaste storagepit andpushesthisairthroughthegratetocoolthegrateandthencombustthewaste.Theprocessneeds12tonsofairpertonofwastebasedonthestoichiometricairneededandtheoptimalcombustionconditionsof80%excessair.3.1.3.2 BoilerComputerized Fluid Dynamics (CFD) programs have contributed to significantprogress in the field ofWTE boiler design. Boilermodeling programs assist in theanalysis of the profiles of temperature, velocity and concentrations of gaseouscomponents and they allow for analysis of the boiler under various conditionswithout making costly physical models. These modeling programs can also helpidentify key areas of concern for issues like corrosion, boiler wall melting ordeformation,incompleteburnoutandNOxformation(Annexure3.2).CorrosionOneofthemostimportantconcernswithintheboileriscorrosion.Whilecorrosionisalso a concern in typical coal boilers it is a much bigger problem in waste boilersbecause of the high level of fuel variation and contaminants in MSW, particularlychlorine.Corrosionissignificantlyimpactedbytemperature.Itmaybeasurprisethatlowtemperaturecorrosioncanoccurintheboilerduetocondensation,butthereisalargetemperaturegradientacross theboilerandacidity in the fluegascauses it tocondenseathighertemperatures.Hightemperaturecorrosionistypicallycausedbyaseries of reactions of chlorinewith iron and iron chloridewith oxygen resulting insublimationofsomeofthetubewallasironchlorideoroxidationofthetubewall.Inorder tominimize both types of corrosion, adequatemixing is necessary to avoidlarge temperature gradients. This is aided by a Very Low NOx (VLN) processdiscussed below which increases turbulence with flue gas recirculation. VLNprocesses will be implemented in this facility. Additionally, high temperaturecorrosion can be avoided by keeping boiler tube temperatures below 570oF andsuperheatertubesbelow840oF.Additionally,refractory liningcanbeusedonthelowerhalfoftheboilerwherethegastemperaturesaremostsevere,Iconel625plasmasprayedcoatingcanbeusedontheboilertubesthatdonothaverefractoryliningandTiO2–Al2O3/625cementcanbeappliedusinga thermal spray to the superheater tubewallswherehigh steamtemperaturesleadtohighmetaltemperatures,whichareparticularlysusceptibleto
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corrosion.45Therehavealsobeensome recentattempts to recirculate sulfur fromtheAPCunitstohelpmitigateeffectsofchlorine.CompleteBurnoutCompleteburnoutisalsoamajorconcerninWTEboilersduetohealthhazardsfromgaseous emissions after incomplete combustion and the environmental andeconomic cost of hauling excess ash. Burnout is optimized when there is enoughoxygen supplied to exceed the combustion demands, but when excess oxygen isminimized because too much oxygen can cool the boiler to the point of flamedestabilization.Toensurecompleteburnout, secondaryairandVLNgas (describedbelow) are addedabove thegrate to increase turbulence andmixing.Additionally,theboilermustbetallenoughtoensurethatthegaswillstayat1560oFfor2secondsasperbestpractice.NOxNOx is a significantpollutantof concern, but it canbe controlledbymaintaining alower air to fuel ratio in the hotter sections of the boiler and by injecting ureatowardsthetopofthefirstboilerpassbeforetheentrancetothesuperheater.Thechemistry of NOx reduction in this process (referred to as selective non-catalyticreduction,SNCR)willbediscussedbelowintheairpollutioncontrolsection.TheVeryLow NOx process designed by Martin Gmbh will be used at this facility.47 Thisprocessinvolvesdrawingoff“VLNgas”atthebackofthegrateandreintroducingitbelowtheureainjectionpoint.SeetheVLNProcessinFigure3.2.
3. This increaseinturbulenceandcoolingcreatesabarrierwhichblocksflamesandunreactedparticles.Thebarrierisexpectedtoreducethecorrosioninthetopportionoftheboiler.
4. Theresidencetimeofthefluegasintheburnerisincreasedbecausethemassflow rate of the flue gas is decreased when the VLN gas is removed. Thisincreasesburnoutanddecreasesflyashproduction.
BoilerParametersAtthis facility there is toomuchwaste forone individualboiler toprocessand it isoptimal to havemultiple boilers to accommodate for timeswhen one is down formaintenance,theotherscanstilloperate.Thisfacilitywillutilize2boilers.Theheightoftheboilerisbasedtheresidencetimeneededtoensurecompleteburnoutofthefluegasesfluegasseswillremainintheboilerat1560oFfor2seconds.3.1.3.3 TurbineTheheatinthecombustiongasesistransferredthroughthewater-cooledwallofthecombustionchambertowaterthatevaporates.Thesteamisthensuperheatedinthesuperheatertubes.Thegeneratedhighpressureandhightemperaturesteamissenttoasteamturbinewhere itexpandsandcauses theturbineto rotateandproducemechanicalwork,whichisthenconvertedtoelectricity.Thesteamparametersattheturbineoutletdependonturbineoperationmode,whichisthemaindesigndecisionregardingtheturbine.TurbineOperationModeThetwomodesofoperationarebackpressure(BP)andreheat-condensing(R-C).Abackpressure turbine expands the high pressure and high temperature steam to aspecifiedtemperatureandpressureatwhichthesteamcanstillbeusedforanotherprocess. After the process, the steam is condensed, pumped to high pressure andreturned to theboiler to complete the closed loop cycle.On this site, the exhauststeamfromtheturbinemaybeusedforlowtemperatureheatrecovery.Thereheat-
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condensingturbinealsoexpandsthehighpressureandhightemperaturesteamtoproduce electricity, but it does not send the steam to process afterward. Instead,afterthesteamisexpandedinthehigh-pressurestagesoftheturbine,itisextractedand sent back to the boiler to be reheated to its initial temperature. Then, lowpressure, high temperature steam is readmitted back into the turbine at the low-pressure stages and expanded further formore electricity generation. At the low-pressure turbine exit, the steam enters a vacuum condenser, which increases thepressure drop across the system. Therefore, theR-C cyclemaximizes the electricalefficiencyoftheturbine;but,since itdoesnotallowforprocessheatrecovery,theoverallefficiencyismuchlowerthanaBPoperation.Inordertodecidebetweenthetwomodesofoperation,oneneedstoconsiderhowmuchoftherecoveredheatcanbeusedonsiteorsold,andtheeconomicviabilityofeachoption.Inordertodecideonthemodeofoperation,powerandheatrecoverydetailsneedto be calculated for each mode. A low-end value for isentropic efficiency wasassumed to be 85%. A hydrogen-cooled generatorwill be used,which is becomingincreasinglycommonwithsteamturbines,becauseitmaximizesefficiency.Typically,alargeunitlikethiscanexpectahydrogencooledgeneratorefficiencyof99%,butaconservativegeneratorefficiencyof90%wasusedinthecalculations.Giventhatthecombustion in the boilers and heat transfer to the working fluid can produce aminimum400˚C steam, the steamparameters could thenbe calculated toproduce1800 kWh of electricity per ton of waste. Once the parameters were determined,theywerecomparedwithactualsteamturbineoperationcriteriatovalidatethattheturbinewouldoperatewithinthefeasiblelimits.Finally,theamountofhotwaterthatcanbeproducedforheatrecoverybysendingtheexhauststeamtoaheatexchangercanalsobecalculated.Bycomparingthecalculationsandtechnicaldata,amodernBP turbine that produces up to 5 MW can handle the steam pressures andtemperaturesrequiredforthisfacility.Thereheat-condensingmodeofoperation ismorewidelyused inareaswhereWTEfacilities are generally not locatednear a district heatingnetwork. Thedecisiononthemodeofoperationisbasedoneconomics.Thepriceofbackpressureandreheat-condensing turbines are similar; and in fact, many modern steam turbines can beadjustedtooperateineithermode.3.1.3.4 ElectricityTransmissionThe electricity producedon sitewill be transmitted to the grid operatedbyKeralaState Electricity Regulatory Commission (KSERC). In order to connect to the gridoperatedbyKSERC,aformalinterconnectionprocessmustbefollowedasoutlinedintheFigure3.
3.2 PollutionControl3.2.1 AirPollution3.2.1.1 RegulationsTheAirPollutionControl(APC)designforfluegastreatmentwillcomplywithcurrentKerala Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1984 and The Central Air(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act1981,amended1987.The above rules notwithstanding, we propose the internal standards contained inTable3.2fortheTrivandrumWTEfacility:
Inordertomeetandexceedthesestandards,therearemanytechnologiesthatcanbeused,thefollowingAPCunitsarechosenforthisproject:SelectiveNon-CatalyticReduction (SNCR), Dryer Absorber (SDA) and Dry Injection Adsorption (DIA),ActivatedCarbonInjection(ACI),andBaghouseFabricFilters.3.2.1.2 SelectiveNon-CatalyticReductionSelective Non-Catalytic Reduction will be used instead of Selective CatalyticReduction (SCR) to reduce NOx because it requires less space to install, does notgenerate heavy metal waste from the spent catalyst, and has a much lowerinvestment and operating cost as shown inTable 3.3below. SNCR can reduce thesameamountofNOxasSCR (up to90%)as it is compatiblewithother techniquessuchas theVeryLowNOxprocessor theAcousticGasTemperatureMeasurementSystem’Urea((NH2)2CO)willbeusedasareductionagenttoreactwithNOxinsteadof anhydrous or aqueous ammonia because it is a less expensive substitute, thesafesttostoreandtransport,andlesstoxic.TheureaisinjectedathightemperatureintohotfluegasesinthefurnaceinordertoreduceandconverttheNOxemissionsto nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide. A simplified reaction for urea with NOx isshownbelow:NH2CONH2+2NO+½O2→ 2N2+CO2+2H2O
Urea ((NH2)2CO) will be used as a reduction agent to react with NOx instead ofanhydrousoraqueousammoniabecauseit isa lessexpensivesubstitute,thesafesttostoreandtransport,and lesstoxic.Theurea is injectedathightemperature intohot fluegases in the furnace inorder to reduceandconvert theNOxemissions tonitrogen,waterandcarbondioxide.AsimplifiedreactionforureawithNOxisshownbelow:NH2CONH2+2NO+½O2→2N2+CO2+2H2O40.0% urea solutionwill be used instead of 32.5% or 50% because it has a freezingpointat32°F,whereas32.5%ureasolutionhasa freezingpointat 11°Fand50%ureasolutionhasafreezingpointat55°F.Afreezingpointat32°Fisadvantageousbecausethedropletswouldnotevaporatetooquickly,causingmoreNOxtobeformed,andwouldnotevaporatetooslowly,causingmoreammoniasliptooccur.Inotherwords,40% urea solution maximizes NOx control while minimizing ammonia emissions. Aratioof0.16-1.56gallonsofurea/tonwastewillbeused.The best method to avoid urea storage is to receive dry urea and immediatelyconvertthematerialtoaliquidforstorageintanks.Theprocesstoconvertdryureatoaliquidutilizesdemineralizedorsoftwaterblendedwiththeureagravimetricallyonabatchbasiswiththeadditionofapproximately900BTU/lbs.ofheat.Inthisway,the system has an affirmative control on solution strength, which is essential forprocesscontrolandmonitoring.Theoptimumtemperaturerange,whereanoticeableNOxreductionisachieved,alsoplaysalargeroleinNOxcontrol.AccordingtoFigure7below,therangeisbetween900 and 1,100°C (1600-2100°F) depending on the composition of the flue gas65.Above this temperature range, ammonia is increasingly oxidized causing morenitrogenoxides to form.At lower temperatures the reaction rate is sloweddown,causingahigh levelofammoniaemissionsfromthestack.Thereshouldbeat least0.5secondsofresidencetimeintheboilerafterammoniainjection.3.2.1.3 SprayDryAbsorberandDryInjectionAdsorptionAftertheSNCRprocess,thefluegasentersacombinationofSprayDryerAbsorber(SDA) andDry Injection Adsorption (DIA) unitwhere scrubbers spray amixture oflimeandwaterintothehotexhaustgasestosignificantlyreduceandneutralizeacidgases.Dryscrubbersystemstrapuptohalfofthemercurypresentinthegas.Unlikeawetscrubbingsystem,thistypeofcombinationhaszerowastewaterdischarge.Acalcium-basedsolidsorbentwillbeusedinsteadofasodiumbasedsolidsorbentasthe most widely used dry scrubbing system is calcium-based hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2).Aslurryofhydratedlimeandwaterisinjectedintothespraydryerandreactswiththeacidgasesinasimplifiedmannerasfollows:Ca(OH)2+SO2→CaSO3(s)+H2OCa(OH)2+2HCl→CaCl2(s)+2H2O
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Thehydrogenchloride(HCl)isremovedatahigherratethanthesulfurdioxide(SO2).OnemoleofCa(OH)2willneutralizeonemoleofSO2,whereasonemoleofCa(OH)2willneutralizetwomolesofHCl.SinceSO2is64lbs./lb.-mole,HClis36lbs./lb.-mole,andCa(OH)2is74lbs./lb.-mole,onepoundofcalciumhydroxidecanneutralize0.86poundsofSO2or0.97poundsofHCl.However, due to inefficiencies in the mixing process, more than the theoreticalamount of alkaline material is required to assure compliance with applicablestandards.Thus,stoichiometricfeedratesof1.5to2.5havebeenusedtoachieveSO2removal level in the 75-85% rangeandHCl removal efficienciesof95%onmunicipalwastecombustors.Acidgasremovalefficienciescanbeincreasedbycoolingand/orhumidifyingthefluegasstream.Reducingfluegastemperatureincreasestherateofreactionbetweenthesorbentandacidgases.Thetemperaturemustbemaintainedhighenoughtoensurethatallthewaterdropletsusedtoquenchareevaporated.Aratioof12.50-18.75lb.lime/tonwastewillbeused.Arotaryatomizersystemwillbeusedinsteadofadual-fluidnozzlessystemonspraydryersasithasahighercapacityperunitandasimplerpipingsystemasusuallyonlyone feed pipe per atomizer is used. Atomizerwheels range from8 to 16 inches indiameter and have rotational speeds from 7,000 to 20,000 revolutions perminute(rpm). The liquid is atomized into discrete droplets that are propelled radiallyoutward.Thesedroplets,generally25-150umindiameter,dryrapidlyinthehotfluegaswithinthespraydryer.Toavoidwalldeposition,thedesignedradialdistancebetweentheatomizerandthespray-dryerchamberwallmustbeenoughtoallowforadequatedryingofthelargestdroplets.ThisisaccomplishedbyproperchoiceoftheL/D,dropletsize,andresidencetime.Thelength-todiameterratioofthespray-dryerchamber(L/D)foranatomizertypeofspraydryeristypically0.8.Fluegasmayenteraspraydryer ineitheraconcurrentoracountercurrentpatternrelativetotheslurry.Themostcommonflowpatterninacidgascontrolsystemsareco-currentspraydryers,whichwillbeusedinsteadofacountercurrentsystem.Allofthe gas enters through a roof gas disperser in the top of the vessel, where itsrotation iscontrolledbyangledvanesthatdirectthegasaroundtheatomizer.Thistypeofgasdistributionpreciselycontrolstheexitgastemperaturesincethegasandslurrytravelinthesamedirection.
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3.2.1.4 ActivatedCarbonScrubbing can also improve the capture of heavy metals such as mercury in theexhaustgases.Theremainingmercurycanbecontrolledbyblowingdry-powdered,activated charcoal/carbon into the hot exhaust gas for absorption and removal.Carboninjectionalsoreducesemissionsoftraceorganiccompoundssuchasdioxinsand furans. A ratio of 1.56 lbs. activated carbon/ton waste will be used for thisproject.3.2.1.5 BaghouseFabricFiltersFinally, the particulate exiting the chamber contains fly ash, calcium salts and un-reactedlimethatmustbesenttoaparticulatecontroldevice.Baghousefabricfiltersare used to clean the air of soot, smoke and metals, while also controllingparticulates from the flue gas. Fabric filters can collect particleswith sizes rangingfrom submicron to several hundredmicrons in diameter at efficiencies generally inexcessof99or99.9percentfromthegasesbeforetheyarefinallyreleasedfromthestack.Apulse jet (compressedair cleaning)baghouse is the typicalbaghouseusedformunicipalwasteincinerators,asopposedtoreverseair(gascleaning)andshakerbaghouse (mechanical cleaning). The pulse jet baghouse is combined with acontinuous online sequence rather than an intermittent or continuous offlinesequence as it is fully automated, and the process flow continues during cleaning.Theproperair-to-cloth(A/C)ratio isthekeyparameterforoptimaldesign.Pulse-jetbaghouses have the highest A/C ratios but should still be operated within areasonableA/Cratiorange.ToohighanA/Cratioresultsinexcessivepressuredrops,reducedcollectionefficiency,blinding,andrapidwear.Typicalair-to-clothratiosforbaghouses usedmunicipalwaste incinerators are listed in the table below. TypicalA/Cratios[(ft3/min)/ft2] formunicipalwaste incineratorsare2.5-4 for thepulse jet.Table 3.4 below also shows typical A/C ratios for fabric filters used for control ofparticulateemissionsfromindustrialboilers.Table3.4:TypicalA/CRatiosforParticulateFabricFiltersBoiler size (103 lbsteam/hr)
Temp(ºF) Air to cloth ratio[(ft3/min)/ft2]
Cleaningmechanism
Fabricmaterial
260(3boilers) 400º 4.4:1 On or off linepulse jet orreverseair
Glass with 10%Tefloncoating(24oz/yd2)
170(5boilers) 500º 4.5:1 Reverse air withpulsejetassist
3.3.2AshTreatment/Disposal3.3.2.1RegulationsonWTEashdisposalTheWTEprocessgenerates twotypesofashwasteproducts,bottomashwhich iscollectedat theendof thecombustion from the furnacebottomandgrate fly ashthatiscollectedatthebaghouse.Thequalityoftheashmustbeincompliancewithcurrently existing regulatory limits.Ash treatment is anessential step that reducestheleachabilityofhazardousheavymetalssuchasBa,As,Cr,Pb,Ag,Cd,Se,andHg,especiallyfortheheavy-metalladenflyash.3.3.2.2CurrentindustrypracticesToachieveconcentrationlevelsbelowthemaximumregulatorylimits,approximately80%ofcurrentoperatingWTEfacilitiespractice“themixingofashes”whichinvolvescombiningthebottomashandflyash(75%bottomash,25%flyash)tostabilizethehazardousflyashcomponent.Thestabilizedashmixtureisoftentransportedforsafelandfill disposal or recycled as alternate daily cover (ADC) for active landfills. TheMSWashmixturehasbeengenerallyapprovedtobeimplementedasADC,tocoverthe active surface of MSW landfills at the end of each operating day to controlvectors,odor,andfire.Bottomashhaspotentialtobeutilizedasconstructionfillermaterial.3.3 CommunityIntegrationPerhapsthemostsignificantbarriertothesuccessofanyWTEprojectiscommunityapproval. Public outcry over WTE development has led to a dearth of WTE
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constructioninthepast15years,whichhasseennonewplantscompletedintheUSsince 1997.Awidespread informationdistributionplan toget communitymembersand representatives on board with the proposal is necessary. In order to furtherincreaseeducationalandoutreachpossibilitiesandturnthepotentialWTEplantintoaresourceforthecommunity,aplantoengagethecommunitysothatthepositiveeffectsoftheWTEplantwillreachbeyondtheenvironmentalandeconomicspheresand into thehumanonewill be incorporated. Thiswill includeanoutreachplanaswell as a proposed community and visitor center, which will serve to engagecommunitymembers,provideeducationalopportunitiesforchildrenandadultsalike,andfacilitatethespreadof informationonthebenefitsofWTEtechnology.TypicalcriticismsofWTEdevelopmentincludeclaimsofdangerouspollutantconcentrationsthat cause public health risks, especially in underprivileged neighborhoods, NIMBYarguments, a decline in surrounding housing values, odor problems, high capitalcosts requiring too much financial risk, and an assertion that WTE developmentdiscouragesrecyclinginneighboringcommunities.Whilethereishistoricalprecedentforsomeof theseclaims,WTEtechnologyhasevolvedata fast rate in thepast20yearsandbecomeaverywell-refinedandaboveall safe technology.Manymodernplants now include real-time emissions monitoring systems with outputs publiclyavailable to demonstrate a commitment to accountability for health and safetyawareness.Still, not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) concerns will remain an issue if WTE remainsunfamiliartopopulationswithinpotentiallyaffectedneighborhoods.JustastheCapeWind project, an energy development focused on significantly less controversialtechnology,wasdelayedmanyyearsduetoprimarilyaestheticconsiderations,suchconcernshaveimpededWTEprojects.Otherproposeddesigns,includingtheoneputforthbythefirmBIGinDenmarkforaCopenhagenWTEplant, go a step further, incorporatingnotonly architectural butfunctionalcomponentswhichareabletodirectlyinvolveandattractnearbyresidentsandtouristsalike.InnovativeandattractivedesignssuchasthesehavetheabilitytomakeWTEplantsmorepalatabletoadiversecommunityofpeople,withsignificantroom left for growth in developing new means of showcasing WTE technologythrougharchitecturaldesign.Odors due to a waste processing facility are also a typical concern raised bycommunity members, however all modern WTE plants operate with a negativepressureinsideoftheplant,ensuringthatwithfewexceptionstheodoriscontainedwithin their walls. This negative pressure is achieved via the intake of air for thewastecombustion,whichispulledinoverthewastestoragepit.A certain amount of risk is taken on by any financial investment, and WTE is noexception. However, the financial involvement of the public sector is not entirelynecessary.Anytrulysustainabletechnologymustalsobeprofitable inthe longrun.While investments from local government can be beneficial, serious financial
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hardshipissomethingtobeavoided,andgiventhefinancialviabilityofWTEplantsisnotalwaysnecessary.With respect to the final assertion thatWTEcombustors“compete”with recyclingplants for material, there is no known evidence substantiating this claim. To thecontrary,manyanalysesshowthatrecyclingratesincreaseinareaswithhigherWTEcapacity.The recyclingandWTEfeedstockdonotcompete,because theymakeupseparatestreams–andwhilerecyclablesmayentertheWTEfeedstock,MSWcannotbe recycled. WTE development in Trivandrum, if done correctly, could provide aneconomicboon to the surroundingarea,which ishistoricallyhome tocitizenswithlow incomes.Withthedevelopmentofsimilar-sizedplants leadingtoover600full-time construction jobs, greater than 50 permanent full-time positions, and manymore in supporting industries, WTE could provide many opportunities for localresidents. The presence of WTE technology would also place Trivandrum at thecuttingedgeofurbanwastedisposalpracticesandhelptoestablishitasaleaderingreenjobscreation.Significanteffortsmustbemadetoensurethatoutreachtocommunitymembersiscomprehensive, and that the public has easy access to all relevant educationalmaterials. Specifically, direct engagementwithWTE’smost vocal opponentsmighthelptoalleviatesomeofthestressbetweencommunities,andtheirinputshouldbeanintegralpartoftheplanningprocess.Avisitor’scenterandeducationalresourceswill be provided, allowing for a continued expansion of understanding amonginterestedcommunities.Thereare reasons tobeoptimistic, asan increaseddialoghasbeen takingplace inrecent years. This has happened alongside neutral and, in some cases, favorablemediacoverageawelcomeshiftinperspective.AsmallhandfulofWTEplantsinAsiaarecurrentlyindevelopment.Finally,wastemanagementandWTEcorporationsaretaking steps to improve transparency and showcase their sustainability initiatives,both intermsofsustainabilityandethicalresponsibility.Suchethicalconsiderationsarethebasisofsoundengineering.Thesedonotsimplyinvolvecommunityconcernsofpollutionandeconomicdevelopment,butalsoissuesofenvironmentalethicsandjobcreation.Ingeneral,appropriateexternalitiesshouldbetakenintoconsiderationduringdecisionmakingprocessestoensurethebest-informedresultpossible,evenwhen not quantifiable. One would be particularly remiss to ignore environmentalconsiderations like the life cycle analysis of the plant and its operations, includingwastetransport,etc.Afterall,thedecisiontoimplementWTEtechnologyinthefirstplace ismotivatedbyconcernsof sustainability, soa failure todesigna facility inasustainablemannerwoulddefeat thepurposeofbuildingsucha facility in the firstplace.
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3.4 Planning Considerations / Innovativeness / Synthesis and RecommendedDesign
AnalysisofBottomAshThe combustion residues produced in combustion of WP pellets can be storedwithoutanydifficulty,maybeusedinconstructionandareeluatefree.Thisisduetothestablestateof theboundcontaminants.Theboundingof theheavymetalsviaSi02, Ah03 and Fe203 etc. effects solid structures; it makes it impossible for theheavy metals to be released under ecological conditions. Sulphur dioxide (S02)combineswithcalciumtoformCaS04(plaster).However,plasterbecomesanhydriteplasteratcombustiontemperaturesof700°to9000°(alsoCaS04),alsoasubstanceoflowsolubility.ThetestresultsofthebottomasharegiveninAnnexure3.4.
AreasofUtilisationRoadConstructionMaterial:Bottomashcanbeusedasaggregate in foundation layers,sub-base,embankmentandascappingmaterialinroadconstruction.Aggregateinconcrete,ConstructionSandandGravel:Itcanbeusedtomakeconcrete,forroadconstruction,formixingwithasphalt,asaconstruction fill, and in production of constructionmaterials like concrete blocks,bricksandpipes.CementRawMealAdditive:This can be a very useful component in eco cement industry, which has beenbecomingverypopularandishighlyrecommended.PotentialAreasofUtilisationAutoclavedaeratedconcrete.Manufacturingofceramics.The design of the proposedWTE facility is anchored by four basic constraints: thewasteinputstream(450TPD),theavailableoperatingtime(90%~328daysperyear)andtheavailablespaceontheallottedproperty.Eachoftheseparametersinfluencesour design and shapes the layout, technology choices, and many more decisionsinvolved in theoveralldesignprocess.Anothermajorgoalof thisdesign is tosetapositiveexampleforWTEtechnologyandtointegratethefacilitysmoothlyintothecommunity.TohelpachievethisgoaltheplantwillprovidecommunityoutreachandeducationonWTE,andworkwith itsneighbors toaddressanyconcerns thatarisebefore,during,orafteritsconstruction.
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Chapter–4:Statutory&LegalFramework4.0 IntroductionRegulatory&policyframeworkformsthebasisforwastemanagementinIndia.Thischapter briefly describes threemajorwastemanagement rules i.e.Municipal SolidWaste Regulations 2016, Plastic Waste Regulations 2016 and Construction andDemolition (C&D)WasteManagementRules2016consideringanywaste treatmentfacilityreceivesmixedwaste.ThesethreeregulationsbroadlycoverMunicipalSolidWaste Management in India. Further, the proposed waste to energy facility inTrivandrumisbasedontheconceptof3Rswithzerolandfilldischarge.4.1 MunicipalSolidWasteRegulation,20169The applicability of the new Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 has now beenincreased to cover,besidesurban localbodies in the country, all urbanisedvillageshaving a population of over 5000 and declared as census towns as per nationalcensus2011.Theserulesarealsonowapplicabletolargevillagesdeclaredascensustowns,theapplicabilityoftheseruleshasbeenextendedtonotifiedareas,notifiedindustrial townships, areas under the control of Indian Railways, airports, airbases,portsandharbours,defenceestablishments,specialeconomiczones,stateandcentralgovernmentorganisations,placesofpilgrims,placesofreligious&historicalimportanceas may be notified by respective state government from time to time and to everydomestic,institutional,commercialandanyothernonresidentialsolidwastegeneratorsituatedintheareascoveredundertherules.10SWMRules,2016mandateeverywastegeneratortodischargehisobligationsspecifiedintheRule4asunder:WasteGeneratorsClassification
9http://www.npcindia.gov.in/itf_event/draft-kit-tools/10 Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs / CPCB / NPC (2019); Toolkit On Implementation Of Solid WasteManagementRules,2016;CapacityBuildingProgrammeOnImplementationOfWasteManagementRules,2016
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a) segregate and store the waste generated by them in three separatestreams namely bio-degradable, non-biodegradable and domestichazardous wastes in suitable bins and handover segregated wastes toauthorised waste pickers or waste collectors as per the direction ornotificationbythelocalauthorizesfromtimetotime;
b) wrap securely theused sanitarywaste likediapers, sanitarypadsetc., inthe pouches provided by the manufacturers or brand owners of theseproducts or in a suitable wrapping material as instructed by the localauthorizesandshallplacethesameinthebinmeantfordrywasteornon-bio-degradablewaste;
c) store separatelyConstructionandDemolition (C&D)waste,asandwhen
generated, in his own premises and shall dispose off as per theConstructionandDemolitionWasteManagementRules,2016;and
d) store horticulturewaste and gardenwaste generated from his premisesseparately in his own premises and dispose off as per the directions of thelocalbodyfromtimetotime.
(2)Nowastegeneratorshallthrow,burnorburrythesolidwastegeneratedbyhim,onstreets,openpublicspacesoutsidehispremisesorinthedrainorwaterbodies.(3) All waste generators shall pay such user fee for solid waste management, asspecifiedinthebye-lawsofthelocalbodies.(4) No person shall organise an event or gathering of more than one hundredpersons at any unlicensed place without intimating the local body, at least threeworkingdaysinadvanceandsuchpersonortheorganiserofsucheventshallensuresegregation of waste at source and handing over of segregated waste to wastecollectororagencyasspecifiedbythelocalbody.(5)Everystreetvendorshallkeepsuitablecontainersforstorageofwastegeneratedduring the courseof his activity such as foodwaste, disposableplates, cups, cans,wrappers, coconut shells, leftover food, vegetables, fruits, etc., and shall depositsuchwaste atwaste storagedepot or container or vehicle as notified by the localbody.(6)Allresidentwelfareandmarketassociationsshall,withinoneyearfromthedateof notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body ensuresegregation of waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules,facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclablematerialtoeithertheauthorizedwastepickersortheauthorizedrecyclers.Thebio-degradablewasteshallbeprocessed,treatedanddisposedoffthroughcomposting
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orbio-methanationwithinthepremisesasfaraspossible.Theresidualwasteshallbegiventothewastecollectorsoragencyasdirectedbythelocalbody.(7) All gated communities and institutions with more than 5,000 sqm. area shall,withinoneyearfromthedateofnotificationoftheserulesand inpartnershipwiththe local body, ensure segregation of waste at source by the generators asprescribed in these rules, facilitate collection of segregated waste in separatestreams,handoverrecyclablematerialtoeithertheauthorisedwastepickersortheauthorized recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be processed, treated anddisposedoff throughcompostingorbio-methanationwithin thepremisesas far aspossible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste collectors or agency asdirectedbythelocalbody.(8)Allhotelsandrestaurantsshall,withinoneyearfromthedateofnotificationofthese rules and in partnershipwith the local body ensure segregation ofwaste atsource as prescribed in these rules, facilitate collection of segregated waste inseparate streams, handover recyclable material to either the authorised wastepickers or the authorised recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be processed,treated and disposed off through composting or bio-methanation within thepremisesasfaraspossible.Theresidualwasteshallbegiventothewastecollectorsoragencyasdirectedbythelocalbody.
• Prohibitlittering,burning&buryingofwaste.
• Lay emphasis on segregation and storage of bio-degradable, non bio-degradableanddomestichazardouswastesatsourceinthreeseparatebinsby waste generators and keeping C&D waste and horticulture wasteseparatelyasandwhengeneratedforsafedisposalasperthedirectionsoftheUrbanLocalBody(ULB)/separatesetofRulesframedbyMoEF&CC.
laws.Measures to be taken by Local Authorities to Ensure Compliance by WasteGeneratorsThe regulatory framework, which requires behavioural change and day to daycomplianceby the citizens,need tobewidelypublicized throughawell structured
• This committee may deliberate on planning the Information, Education &
Communication (IEC) campaign, various modes of communication, theintensityofcommunication,timeframeandbudgetaryrequirements
• Thiscommitteemay recommendthe IECactivities tobe takenupcentrallythrough professional agencies and the activities that may be taken up atcity/town/villagelevelandproposeallocationofbudgetforthesame.
• The professional agency may be hired by state government/ DMA/ CMA/
• In themeantime, the local level IECactivitiesmaybe initiatedbythe local
authorities. On receiving the IEC material from professional agencies, IECcampaign may be intensified and its outcome may be assessed. Thecampaignmayprincipallyfocusoneducatingwastegenerators(citizens)on:
o Not to litterwasteon the streets, drains,waterbodies, open spaces
(educate on bio-degradable and non bio-degradable wastecomponents)
o Keep domestic hazardous waste, C&D waste, horticulture wasteseparatelyasandwhengeneratedanddealwiththemasdirectedbylocalauthorityfromtimetotime
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o Howtohandlesanitarywaste,diapers,asandwhengeneratedo PracticetheconceptofReduce,Reuse,RecycleandRecover(RRRR)o Practice home/institutional level composting/bio-gas generation or
localleveleachquarterandcorrectivemeasuremaybetakentoensurethatthe citizens adhere to directions contained in Rule '4' and are fully awarethattheirfailuretocomplymayleadtopunishmentunderthemunicipalbye-laws
• The local authority may also create a mechanism to take punitive actionagainstthedefaultersandpublicizethesametodeterothers
1. MinistryofEnvironment,Forest&ClimateChange2. MinistryofHousing&UrbanAffairs3. MinistryofChemicalsandFertilizers4. MinistryofAgriculture5. MinistryofPower6. MinistryofNewandRenewableEnergySources7. Secretary,UrbanDevelopmentofstategovernments8. Secretary, Village Panchayats/Rural Development Department of state
governments9. DistrictMagistrate/DistrictCollector/DeputyCommissioner10. CentralPollutionControlBoard11. StatePollutionControlBoardsorPollutionControlCommittees12. Local (Municipal) Authorities and Village Panchayats of Census Towns &
UrbanAgglomerations13. Manufacturers or Brand Owners of Disposable Products/Sanitary
Napkins/Diapers
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14. Industrial Units located within 100 km from Refuse Derived Fuel/Waste toEnergyPlantsbasedonSolidWaste
Rule nos. '5' to '18' of SWM Rules, 2016 clearly lay down the duties of aforesaidauthorities/stakeholders.MSWRules2000revisedin2016duetoinabilityofthemunicipalitiestoimplementwastesegregation,andlackofinstitutionalandfinancialmeanstoimplementwasteprocessinganddisposalprojects.Aspernewrules,atimeframetill2021hasbeenearmarked for establishing and managing the complete collection, treatment &disposalofMSWsystemincludingbio-remediationorcappingofexistingdumpsiteinthecountry.TheentiresystemistobecompletedinamissionmodebythenameCleanIndiaMission(SBM/SwachhBharatMission).Annexure 4.1 describes about various duties of major stakeholders forimplementationofMSWRules,2016.4.2 PlasticWasteManagementRegulation,201611KeyDefinitionsSomeoftheimportantkeywordsasperPWMRules,2016areexplainedbelow:i) Brand Owner: Brand Owner means a person or company who sells any
commodityunderaregisteredbrandlabel.ii) Carry bags:Carry bagsmeanbagsmade fromplasticmaterial or compostable
plastic material, used for the purpose of carrying or dispensing commoditieswhich have a self carrying feature but do not include bags that constitute orformanintegralpartofthepackaginginwhichgoodsaresealedpriortouse.
iii) Commodity:means tangible item thatmay be bought or sold and includes allmarketablegoodsorwares.
iv) Compostable Plastics: Compostable Plastics mean plastic that undergoesdegradation by biological processes during composting to yield CO₂, water,inorganic compounds and biomass at a rate consistent with other knowncompostable materials, excluding conventional petro-based plastics, and doesnotleavevisible,distinguishableortoxicresidue.
v) Extended Producer's Responsibility (EPR): EPR means the responsibility of aproducer for the environmentally soundmanagement of the product un�l theendofitslife.
vii) Manufacturer:Manufacturer means and includes a person or unit or agencyengagedinproductionofplasticrawmaterialtobeusedasrawmaterialbytheproducer.
viii) MultilayeredPackaging:MultilayerPackagingmeansanymaterialusedortobeused for packaging and having at least one layer of plastic as the mainingredients incombinationwithoneormore layersofmaterialssuchaspaper,paperboard,polymericmaterials,metalizedlayersoraluminumfoil,eitherintheformofalaminateorco-extrudedstructure.
ix) Plastic:Plasticmeansmaterialwhichcontainsasanessential ingredientahighpolymer such as polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, Vinyl,lowdensitypolyethylene,polypropylene,polystyreneresins,multi-materialslikeacrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate,Polybutyleneterephthalate.
bagsormultilayeredpackagingorplasticsheetsor like,and includes industriesor individuals using plastic sheets or like or covers made of plastic sheets ormultilayeredpackagingforpackagingorwrappingthecommodity.
xiii) WasteGenerator:WasteGeneratormeansand includeseverypersonorgroupof persons or institution, residential and commercial establishments includingIndian Railways, Airport, Port and Harbor and Defense establishments whichgenerateplasticwaste.
xiv) Waste Management: Waste Management means the collection, storage,transportationreduction, re-use, recovery, recycling,compostingordisposalofplasticwasteinanenvironmentallysafemanner.
• PWMRules, 2016 shall apply to everyWaste Generator, Local Body, GramPanchayat,Manufacturer,Importer,ProducerandBrandOwner.(Figure3.1)
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Figure3.1:StakeholdersasperPWMRules,2016
• Carry bag made of virgin or recycled plastic shall not be less than fiftymicrons in thickness. The provision of thickness shall not be applicable tocarrybagsmadeupofcompostableplastic,complyingIS/ISO:17088.
• WasteGenerators including institutional generators, event organizers shallnot litter theplasticwaste. They shall segregatewaste andhandover it toauthorized agency and shall pay user fee as prescribed by ULB for wastemanagementorspotfineincaseofviolation.
• Within a period of six months from publication of PWM Rules, 2016 asamended 2018 in official Gazette, Producer, Brand Owner shall work outmodalitiesforwastecollectionsystemforcollectingbacktheplasticwastegenerated due to their products, in consultationwith local authority/StateUrban Development Department and implement it within two yearsthereafter.
• Promote use of plasticwaste for road construction or energy recovery orwastetooilorco-processingincementkilnsetc.
• SPCB/PCCshallbetheauthorityforenforcementoftheprovisionsofPWMRules,2016asamended2018,relatingtoregistration,manufactureofplasticproducts and multi- layered packaging, processing and disposal of plasticwastes.
• Concerned Secretary-in-charge of Urban Development of the State or aUnionTerritoryandconcernedGramPanchayatintheruralareaoftheStateoraUnionTerritoryshallbetheauthorityforenforcementoftheprovisionsof PWMRules, relating towastemanagement bywaste generator, useofplastic carrybags,plastic sheetsor like, coversmadeofplastic sheets andmulti-layeredpackaging.
• Stakeholders&ResponsibleAuthoritiesshalluseFormsItoVIofthePWMRules, 2016 for providing information to respective authorities onimplementationofPWMRules,2016o FormI:ApplicationforregistrationforProducersorBrandownerso Form II: Application form for registration of units engaged in
processingorrecyclingofplasticwasteo Form III:Application for registration formanufacturersofplastic raw
materialso Form IV: Format of Annual Report by Operator of plastic waste
processing or recycling Facility to the Local Body by 30th June eachyear.
o FormV:Formatforannualreportonplasticwastemanagementtobesubmittedbythelocalbodyby31stJulyeachyear.
o Form VI: State-wise status of implementation of plastic wastemanagement rules, 2016 for the year annual report format by 31stAugusteachyear.
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• Brand owners are required to register in SPCB/PCC, if operating in one ortwostate/UT,however,ifoperatinginmorethan2states/UTs,itshallreportwithCPCBalongwithEPRplan.
ResponsibilitiesofLocalAuthorities
• Ensure setting up an infrastructure for segregation, collection, storage,transportation,processinganddisposalofplasticwaste.Suchsystemshouldbe developed along with the infrastructure developed for collection,segregation, processing and disposal of SolidWaste as per the provisionsunderSolidWasteManagementRules,2016.
• Coordinate with State Urban Development and the producers/importers/brand owners to facilitate a mechanism for collection andchannelization of plastic waste with the infrastructure developed forcollection, segregation, processing and disposal of SolidWaste as per theprovisionsunderSolidWasteManagementRules,2016.
• Engaging with civil societies or groups working with waste pickers incollectionsegregationandchannelizationofPlasticWaste.
• Ensure setting up an infrastructure for segregation, collection, storage,transportation,processinganddisposalofplasticwaste.Suchsystemshouldbe developed along with the infrastructure developed for collection,segregation, processing and disposal of SolidWaste as per the provisionsunderSolidWasteManagementRules,2016.
• Theproducers,withinaperiodofsixmonthsfromthedateofpublicationoftheserules,shallworkoutmodalitiesforwastecollectionsystembasedonExtendedProducersResponsibilityand involvingStateUrbanDevelopmentDepartments, either individually or collectively, through their owndistributionchannelorthroughthelocalbodyconcerned.
• Primary responsibility for collection of usedmulti-layered plastic sachet orpouches or packaging is of Producers, Importers and Brand Owners whointroduce theproducts in themarket. Theyneed toestablisha system forcollectingbacktheplasticwastegeneratedduetotheirproducts.Thisplanof collection to be submitted to the State Pollution Control Boards whileapplyingforConsenttoEstablishorOperateorRenewal.TheBrandOwnerswhoseconsenthasbeenrenewedbeforethenotificationoftheserulesshallsubmitsuchplanwithinoneyearfromthedateofnotificationoftheserulesandimplementwithtwoyearsthereafter.
• The producer, within a period of three months from the date of finalpublicationoftheserules intheOfficialGazetteshallapplytothePollutionControlBoardorthe
dateoffinalpublicationoftheserulesintheOfficialGazettemanufactureoruse any plastic or multilayered packaging for packaging of commoditieswithout registration from the concerned State Pollution Control Board orthePollutionControlCommittees.
1. State Pollution ControlBoard (SPCB)/ PollutionControlCommittee
EnforcementoftheprovisionsofPWMRules,2016,relatingtoregistration,manufacture of plastic products andmultilayeredpackaging,processinganddisposalofplasticwastes.
2. Secretary-in-Charge,UrbanDevelopmentDepartment
EnforcementoftheprovisionsofPWMRules,2016,relatingtowaste management by waste generator, use of plastic carrybags, plastic sheets or like, coversmadeof plastic sheets andmultilayeredpackaging.
3. GramPanchayat Enforcement of the provisions of PWM Rules, 2016, rulesrelatingtowastemanagementbythewastegenerator,useofplasticcarrybags,plasticsheetsor like,coversmadeofplasticsheetsandmultilayeredpackagingintheruralareaoftheStateoraUnionTerritory.
4. DistrictMagistrateorDeputyCommissioner
Shall provide the assistance to SPCBs/PCCs, Secretary -in-Charge,UrbanDevelopmentDepartmentandGramPanchayatunder his jurisdiction, whenever required for enforcement ofprovisionsofPWMRules,2016.
1. 4(h) Themanufacturersorsellerofcompostableplasticcarrybagsshallobtainacertificate from the Central Pollution Control Board before marketing orsellingtheirproducts.
2. 5(c) Thermoset plastic waste shall be processed and disposed of as per theguidelinesissuedfromtimetotimebytheCentralPollutionControlBoard.
3. 6(2)(d) The Local Bodies shall ensure processing and disposal of non - recyclablefraction of plastic waste in accordance with the guidelines issued by theCentralPollutionControlBoard.
4. 17(d) The CPCB shall prepare a consolidated Annual Report on the use andmanagement of plastic waste and forward it to the Central Governmentalongwithitsrecommendationsbeforethe31stAugustofeveryyear.
5. 13(2) Producer/Brand owners who are working in one or two states/UTs shallregisterinSPCBs/PCCs,However,ifworkinginmorethan2states/UTsthenregistertoCPCB
• SPCBs/PCCs are required to interact with ConcernedMunicipalities and toprovide technical support to municipalities in setting-up of proper plasticwaste management system for segregation, collection, transportation,disposalofPWasperPWMRules,2016.
• SPCBs/PCCS can ask State Urban Development Department to constituteStateLevelAdvisoryBodyforimplementationofPWMRules,2016.
• SPCBs/PCCS should constitute vigilance squad in collaboration withConcernedMunicipalitiestoundertakesurprisechecksforthicknessofcarrybags (bothmanufacturing& stocking), for not allowing <50 μm thicknesscarrybags.
• SPCBS/PCCs can organize Mass-Awareness programme in various districtsinvolving
• Municipalities&Stake-holdersfornotusinglessthanfiftymicroncarrybags.ActionRecommendedforManagementofPlasticWasteThe concerned Local Bodies and Gram Panchayats are responsible for collection,storage, segregation, transportationanddisposalofwaste in their jurisdiction. Therecommendedprocess forcollection,segregation,utilizationanddisposalofplasticwasteisdepictedinFigure4.2.Foreffectivemanagementofplasticwastegeneratedfromdifferentactivities, the recommendedactionplan for implementationby localauthoritiesisgivenbelow:
The following options should be envisaged for utilizationof non -recyclable plasticandtherejects/residues(havingcalorificvalue)generatedfromrecyclingunits
under SolidWaste Management Rules, 2016 as amended 2018 (part C ofscheduleII)
• Theresidues/rejectsgeneratedduringrecycling/processingofplasticwasteshould be disposed in sanitary landfills as per the provisions under SolidWasteManagementrules,2016
4.3 Construction&Demolition(C&D)WasteManagementRegulation,201612TheGovernmenthasnotifiedConstruction&DemolitionWasteManagementRules,2016forthefirsttime.Theserulesshallbecalledthe“ConstructionandDemolitionWasteManagementRules,2016”.TheguidingprincipleoftheseRulesistorecover,recycleandreuse(3R's)thewastegeneratedthroughconstructionanddemolition.Segregating construction and demolitionwaste and depositing it to the collectioncentersforprocessingwillnowbetheresponsibilityofeverywastegenerator.Cities with a population ofmore than onemillion will commission processing anddisposal facilitywithin 18months from thedateof final notificationof these rules,whilecitieswithapopulationof0.5to1millionandthosewithapopulationof lessthan0.5millionwillhavetoprovidethesefacilitieswithintwoyearsandthreeyearsrespectively.(Rule–13)MonitoringshallbemadebyStatePollutionControlBoards(SPCBs)3timesayeari.e.once in 4 months for cities having population more than one million. Cities withpopulation of 0.5-1million and less than 0.5million shall bemonitored by SPCBs 2timesayeari.e.oncein6months.(Rule–13)“Permissionforconstructionwillbegivenonlywhenthecompleteconstructionanddemolitionwastemanagementplanispresented”,andlargegeneratorsofwastewillhavetopayrelevantchargesforcollection,transportation,processinganddisposal,asnotifiedbytheconcernedauthorities.The following are the important features of the Construction & DemolitionWasteManagementRules,2016.
- Applies to everyone who generates construction and demolitionwaste.
DutiesofwasteGenerators(Rule–4)
- Every waste generator shall segregate construction and demolitionwasteanddepositatcollectioncenterorhandovertotheauthorizedprocessingfacilities.
- Shall ensure that there is no littering or deposition so as to preventobstructiontothetrafficorthepublicordrains.
- Largegenerators(whogeneratemorethan20tonsormoreinonedayor 300 tonsperproject in amonth) shall submitwastemanagementplan and get appropriate approvals from the local authority beforestartingconstructionordemolitionorremodelingwork,
- Large generators shall segregate the waste into streams such asconcrete,soil,steel,woodandplastics,bricksandmortar,
- Large generators shall pay relevant charges for collection,transportation, processing and disposal as notified by the concernedauthorities;
DutiesofServiceprovidersandContractors(Rule–5)
- The service providers shall prepare a comprehensive wastemanagementplanforwastegeneratedwithintheirjurisdiction,withinsixmonthsfromthedateofnotificationoftheserules,
- Shall remove all construction and demolition waste in consultationwith the concerned local authority on their own or through anyagency.
- The Secretary, Urban Development Department in the StateGovernmentshallpreparestate'spolicywith respect tomanagementof construction and demolition waste within one year from date offinalnotificationoftheserules.
- TheconcerneddepartmentintheStateGovernmentdealingwithlandshall provide suitable sites for setting up of the storage, processingand recycling facilities for construction and demolition waste withinone-and-a-halfyearsfromdateoffinalnotificationoftheserules.
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- TheTownandCountryplanningDepartmentshallincorporatethesitein the approved land use plan so that there is no disturbance to theprocessingfacilityonalongtermbasis.
- Thedepartment shallprocureandutilize 10-20%materialsmade fromconstruction and demolition waste in municipal and Governmentcontracts.
- LA shall seek detailed plan or undertaking from large generator ofconstruction and demolition waste and sanction the wastemanagementplan;
- Seek assistance from concerned authorities for safe disposal ofconstruction and demolition waste contaminated with industrialhazardousortoxicmaterialornuclearwasteifany;
- LA shall give appropriate incentives to generator for salvaging,processingandorrecyclingpreferablyin-situ;
- Forothercities (<0.5millionpopulations), theyshall commission theprocessing and disposal facility within three years from date of finalnotificationoftheserules
- LAshallreviewandissueinstructionstothein-chargeofthefacilityifanyaccidents reportedby in chargeof theprocessing facility (Rule–14). Checklists of safety concerns are included in annexure-1 forreference.
- The Ministry of Urban Development, and the Ministry of RuralDevelopment,MinistryofPanchayatRaj,shallfacilitatelocalbodiesinobtainingcomplianceoftheserules;
Theimplementationoftherulesrequiresunderstandingofactivitiestobeperformedby each of these stakeholders and comprehension of interdependency on eachother.MunicipalAuthoritybeingtheprimeimplementationbodyneedstoensurealldepartments/sections understand roles and responsibilities pertaining to theimplementationofC&DWasteManagementRules.Table4.4summarizestherolesof different departments who may have to undertake for further effectiveimplementationofC&Drules.Table3.4:RolesofDifferentDepartmentsMunicipalDepartment/Section RoleBuildingpermission/developmentcell Assess thequantumthat is likely tobegeneratedand
The interdepartmental/section interaction/communication approaches accordinglyneedstobeestablishedandupdatedtomaketheimplementationprocesseffective.ActivityChartforImplementingC&DWasteManagementRules,2016Activity chart for implementing C&D Waste Management Rules, 2016 is given inFigure4.5.
Figure4.5:ActivityChartforC&DWasteManagementRules
Agencies,planningcollectioncentersneedtoundertakeaforecaststudyaboutthelikelyC&Dwastegeneration ineachareaandaccordinglydesignthefacility.Anewresidentialareamaynotneedthefacilityfornext15-20yearsandanoldorupcomingareamay require the facility andhence this aspectneeds tobeaddressedkeepinglocalconditionsinmind.As per the rules the C&D waste needs to be stored by generators within theirpremises andeitherdepositedat collection centeron theirownor through facilityarrangedbylocalpublic/privateagencyforafee.Sincethecriteriaiswasteneedstobestoredwithinone'spremiseshowitwillbestoredis lefttothegeneratorwithamandatethatthewastedoesnotcauselittering,blockageofdrainsandnotobstructtraffic.Also,theamountofwasteforminorormoderaterepairsinexistingbuildings,tocompletedestruction,variesandnostandardizedbinsizescanbeadvocated.
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4.4 PolicyInitiativeEmergingTrendsinPolicyEvolutionWASTETOENERGY6The Union Cabinet has approved the proposal of the Ministry of Power foramendments in the Tariff Policy. Swachh Bharat Mission to get a big boost withprocurementof100%powerproducedfromWaste-to-Energyplants.Theprovisioninthe Electricity Tariff Policy 2006 is to “Mandatorily Purchase All Power GeneratedfromMunicipal SolidWaste at the Rate Determined by Appropriate Authority” byStateElectricityDISCOMs.Consideringthehighcostsoftransportationofwasteaswellastheprocessedwasteproducts and existence of extensive urban sprawl in largeULBs, coupledwith theobligation of renewable energy on Electricity Discoms mandated to procure 100%powerforWtEplantsunderTariffPolicyDt.28.01.2016,settingupWtEPlantsisidealforlargeULBs.PolicyInitiativesforWtEunderSwachhBharatMissionCERCTariffforRDFbasedMSWProjectsandMSWProjectsTechnology Levellised
(Rs/kWh) (Rs/kWh) (Rs/kWh) (Rs/kWh) (Rs/kWh)MSW 7.04 0.00 7.04 0.54 6.50RDFbasedMSW 4.34 3.56 7.90 0.31 7.59Theabovetariffwillbeapplicableforentireusefullifeof20yearsfortheMSW/RDFbasedMSWprojectscommissionedduringFY2015-16.However,incaseofRDFbasedMSWprojects,thevariablecomponentoftariffwillchangeeachyearbasedontheescalationfactorof5%.Based on this guidance of CERC, the appropriate State Electricity RegulatoryCommission(SERC)candeterminethetarifffortheparticularWastetoEnergyplantsetupundertheareaofitsjurisdictionORSERCcanhaveitsownanalysis.TariffPolicyunderCentralElectricityAct,2003asamended6Thepolicyasnotifiedon28.01.2016mentionsat6.4(1)(ii)thatDistributionLicensee(s)shallcompulsoryprocure100%powerproducedfromallwaste-to-energyplantin
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theState,intheratiooftheirprocurementofpowerfromallsourcesincludingtheirown,atthetariffdeterminedbytheappropriateCommissionunderSection-62oftheAct (Ministry of Power Resolution, New Delhi, 28 January, 2016 regarding TARIFFPOLICY).ConstructionandDemolitionWaste6Tominimizethequantityofinertreachingtolandfillandtopromotereuse/recycleofconstruction&demolitionwaste (C&Dwaste), theBureauof IndiaStandards (BIS)has amended the specification for coarse and fine aggregate for concrete (ThirdRevision) (IS: 383-2016).Theproducts fromC&Dwastecouldalsobeused fornon-structuralpurposeslikekerbstone,paverblockandroadconstruction,etc.aswellasforstructuralpurposes.IndiahasdevelopedDraftNationalResourceEfficiencyPolicy2019.Majorelementsofthispolicyare:13TheNational Resource Efficiency Policy (NREP), 2019 seeks to create a facilitativeandregulatoryenvironmenttomainstreamresourceefficiencyacrossallsectorsbyfostering cross-sectoral collaborations, development of policy instruments, actionplansandefficientimplementationandmonitoringframeworks.NREP,2019isguidedbythe16principlesof(i)reductioninprimaryresourceconsumptionto‘sustainable’levels, in keeping with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and stayingwithin the planetary boundaries, (ii) creation of higher value with less materialthrough resource efficient and circular approaches, (iii) waste minimization, (iv)materialsecurity,and(v)creationofemploymentopportunitiesandbusinessmodelsbeneficialtothecauseofenvironmentprotectionandrestoration.NREP,2019aimstoimplementresourceefficiencyacrossallresourcesincludingbothbiotic and abiotic resources, sectors and life cycle stages. The policy draws inputsfrom available sectoral studies and initiates sections on selected sectors for earlytake-up. With formal establishment of NREA and expected participation of lineministriestogrow,moreresourcesincludingbioticresourceswillalsobecovered.Further, in the case of the resource recovery business model, producing rawmaterials via recycling, rather than from non-renewable natural resources, canreduce greenhouse gas emissions by asmuch as 90%. Themagnitude of emissionsreductions involved varies across materials, but is significant in almost all cases(Figure4.6).14
4.5 StatutoryClearancesAlistofrequiredstatutoryclearancesaregiveninTable5.5.Table5:StatutoryClearances/Approvals/PermitsrequiredClearanceRequired StatutoryAuthority Status RemarksEnvironmentalClearance Ministry of
Not required as project sitedoes not lie within or inclose vicinity to anyNational Park, Wild LifeSanctuary or biodiversityrich area as informed byprojectdeveloper.
ConsentforEstablishment ProjectFacility
KeralaStatePollutionControlBoard
ToApply Consent for Establishmentfrom the State PollutionControl Board underSection 25 of Water(Pollution & Control ofPollution) Act, 1974 andunder Section 21 of Air(Pollution & Control ofPollution)Act, 1981.
Authorization underSolid WasteManagement Rules,
KeralaStatePollutionControlBoard
ToApply
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ClearanceRequired StatutoryAuthority Status Remarks2016WaterSupplyPermission Municipal
FuelStoragePermission ControllerofExplosives(CCoE),Governmentof Kerala
ToApply
4.6 ConclusionEmergingtrendsfromregulatoryandpolicyframeworkindicatesthatthereismajorfocus on resource recovery with emphasis on waste segregation andinstitutionalizationof3Rs implementation.Theuniqueof theproposedfacility is toinstitutionalize resource recovery consisting of extraction of discarded materialsfrom waste for reuse so as to defer consumption of virgin resources, mitigategreenhouse effect, and minimise the amount of waste disposed into landfills.Recycling, energy generation fromwaste offer alternative possibilities of resourcerecovery so thatwaste going into landfills isminimised. 15Therefore, components,material and energy not recovered from waste streams so far in Kerala offertremendousvaluewhichcanbepotentiallyrealizedbyeliminatingwastethroughtheadoptionofcircularbusinessmodels.16
15IsherJudgeAhluwalia&UtkarshPatel(2018);IndianCouncilforResearchonInternationalEconomicRelations;Working Paper No. 356; Solid Waste Management in India An Assessment of Resource Recovery andEnvironmentalImpact16FICCI(2018)CircularEconomySymposium;AcceleratingIndia’sCircularEconomyShift;AHalf–TrillionUSDOpportunityFutureProofingGrowthinaResourceScarceWorld
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Chapter–5:Environmental&SocialImpacts6.0 Introduction Theestablishmentofphysicalinfrastructurerequiresassessmentofenvironmental&socialimpactstoinstitutionalizerequiredsafeguardduringconstruction&operationoftheproject.Eachoftheseitemshasbeendescribedinthefollowingsection.6.1 EnvironmentalImpactsEnvironmental impacts & mitigation have been described below in terms ofconstruction&operationphase.6.1.1 Anticipated Environmental Impacts During Construction Phase and
MitigationMeasuresTheimpactsduringconstructionphaseandmitigationstatusthereonareelaboratedbelow:Land Use: At present, the land allotted for the project (approx. 55 acres) is anexisting/operatingport.TheareawheretheWtEfacilityisbeingconstructedwillbehandedovertothesub-projectdeveloperbytheportauthority.Hencethelandusepatternoftheareaisnotchangingduetocomingupoftheproject.However,sometemporary disturbances due to construction activity are anticipated duringconstruction phase. The impacts are temporary andwill go after the constructionactivity is over. Thus, the impact on land use during the construction work istemporaryandnotsignificantinnature.Air Quality: Construction activities involve excavation for construction of variousfacilities/unitsofthesub-project.Thiswill result in limitedfugitiveemissionsatsite.Sprayingofwaterduringconstructionwillreducethedustfalltoagreatextent.Themitigationmeasureswillbeadoptedbyprojectproponent toavoidairpollution. Itwill include management of vehicular movement to avoid traffic congestions,mechanicalwatersprinklingforsuppressionofdust,vehicletocomplywithvalidPUCcertificate.NoiseLevels:Duringconstructionphase,thesourcesofnoisepollutionwillprimarilybe limited to movement of vehicles transporting construction material andequipmenttothesite.Theprojectsite,however,isnotinclosedvicinitytohabitationarea.Useoflownoisegeneratingequipmentandrestrictionofconstructionactivityforlimitedperiodswillfurtherreducethedisturbancefromnoisepollution.
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WaterQuality:Theconstructionactivitywillbecausingsomeimpactonthesurface&ground water quality in the absence of mitigation measures. The water forconstructionwillbetakenfromgettingpermissionfromtherelevantauthorityintheprojectarea.Mitigationmeasureswillbeadoptedtopreventwaterpollution.Soil: The excavation work involved in the project is limited to construction offoundation for various units of the plant. The soil is envisaged to be used duringconstructionactivities.Flora: The constructionworkmay cause loss of vegetation. The sub-project is notlocatedinforestareaorprotectedarea,thereforeminimumimpactisanticipatedonthe flora. The site used by the sub-project is already an existing port site withminimum vegetation. The site will have adequate vegetation / green belt tocompensatefloralossifany.Fauna:Theexistinglanduseforthesub-projectsiteisexistingport.Noforestareasare falling in proposed project area and the sub-project is not part of any eco-sensitive areas like national park or sanctuaries thereby no presence of rare andendangeredspeciesisanticipated.HealthandSafety:About300 labor isexpectedtobeengagedduringconstructionphase. Labour camps with adequate amenities in line with labor laws will beestablished.Generalhealthcheck-upswillbeconductedregularlyforallemployeesandcontractemployees.Health register ismaintained and recorded regularly for all employees.Medicalcampandhealthawarenesscampaignwillbeorganized inassociationwithlocalhospitalsperiodically.CulturalSites:Noarchaeological,heritage,historicalorculturallyimportantsitesarelocatedclosetotheproposedsub-project.The records of HSE related details will be maintained in the Monthly ProgressReportsofthesub-project.Quarterly reports on compliance of conditions of Authorization under SolidWasteManagement Rules, 2016 and Consent for Establishment of the facility are beingsubmittedtotheAndhraPradeshPollutionControlBoard.6.1.2 AnticipatedEnvironmental ImpactsDuringOperationPhase andMitigation
MeasuresLandUse&Soil:Changes in landusepatternareenvisagedoncethesub-project isunder operation. The WtE facility once operational will not impact the land usepattern.Theprocessrejectsincludethebottomashandresidualmaterialgenerated
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during WtE process will be reused. The design concept involves appropriateprocedure and safety considerations. Plantation tobedone in sufficient density tominimizesoilerosion.AirandNoiseQuality:AirpollutionisanticipatedduringoperationalphaseoftheWtEfacility.Unloadingandprocessingofwaste isnotanticipated togeneratedustandodour,sincetheseactivitiesarecarriedoutincoveredareas.Theairpollutioncontrolsystemshallbeinstalledalongwiththecommissioningofthefacilityandshallcomplywithnormsforcontrollingairpollution.Emissioncontrolsystem isproposedattheWtEplant,thesystemwillconsistessentiallyofthefollowingmajorcomponents:
Outlet emissions are proposed to bemonitored through sophisticated continuousemissionmeasuringinstruments.Thesystemwillmeasurethefollowingparameters-CO2, HCI, NO,NOx,O2, SOx and SPM. Gas temperature and the pressure are alsoproposedtobeanalysedcontinuouslytoregulatethedosingofsorbents.However,allotherparameterswouldbemonitoredonweeklybasis.Excessive noise shall be avoided by providing noise enclosure where reasonablypractical.Hearingprotectionisproposedtobewornbylabourwhileworkinginhighnoiseareasexceeding85dB.Thefollowingstrategiesareproposedtobeadoptedtofurtherminimizethenoiselevels:
Water Quality: Surface water quality including ground water is anticipated to beimpactedduringoperationphaseof the sub-project ifmitigationmeasures arenotadopted. At theWtE processing facility, leachate collection system and treatmentfacility is proposed.A concreteplatform is proposed tobe constructed topreventgroundwatercontaminationduetoleachate.Leachategeneratedshallbestoredinanundergroundleachatetank,treated&reusedforhorticulture&otherpurposes.Leachate Treatment Process: The leachate treatment shall be carried out throughvariousprocessesintanksatthefacilityfortreatmentanddisposal.Theprocesswillinclude passing the leachate through equalization tank followed by flash mixing,flocculation and anaerobic treatment. Further, the leachate will be treated inaerationtanksfollowedbysecondaryclarificationandultra-filtration.Thesludgewillbeconvertedtocakesafterthickeningandbeltpressprocess.Flora: The WtE plant in operation phase is not anticipated to have impact onvegetation in the area. It is proposed by the project developer to develop avegetativecover inastriparoundthesiteboundary.Greenbeltsshallbedevelopedall around the boundary of the facility for MSW based on waste to energy plant.Greenbeltwillcreateoverallpositiveimpactontheaestheticsofthesite.Fauna:Theprojectareawillbefencedtorestrictentryofstraycattleifany.Health and Safety:Risk analysis will be done for the project and safetymeasuresproposedat thesite for staff.All the listedactivitieswhich require riskassessmentandworkprocedureswillbeidentified.Sitepersonnelaretoattendasiteinductionincludingbriefingonthesiterulesandregulations.AllworkersshallbeequippedwithproperPPEmaintainedingoodcondition.Hearingprotectorsshallbeworninareaswhere noise levels exceed 85 dB. Respirators to be worn in contaminatedatmospheres.Equipmentshallbeusedbytrainedpersonnelonly. 6.1.3 EnvironmentalManagementPlanAnenvironmentalmanagement&monitoringplanhasbeenprepared&describedinTable5.1&Table5.2forconstruction&operationphase.Table5.1:EnvironmentManagementPlanImplementationMatrixforConstructionStagePotentialImpacts MitigationMeasure MonitoringofmitigationAirQuality
• Spraying water when necessary tosuppressdustandfugitiveemissions;
• Regularmaintenanceofsystemsandinstallation of noise controlequipmentwhereverrequired
• Developmentofgreenbeltallaroundthesite
• Periodic monitoring of noiselevels
OdourproblemduetoMSW
• Waste to be transported in coveredvehicles
• Unloading as well as processing ofthe waste to be carried out undercoveredareas.
• Odour control by rapid stabilizationand disposal of wastes with dailycoverplacement
• Odour nuisance at downwinddirection on the boundary ofprocessing plant shall becheckedregularly
• Recordstobemaintained
Waterconsumption&Quality
• Leachate treatment plan shallinclude leachate collection andtreatment system including of :influentleachatecollectiontank;barscreens; oil & grease chambers;anaerobic reactor; secondaryclarifier;aerationtanks;carbonfilter;ultra-filtration;sludgethickener;beltpressetc.
• Treatedleachateshallberecycledorutilized after meeting standards asspecifiedbyPollutionControlBoard
• Water from Cooling systemswill beneutralizedintheneutralizedpitandutilized
• Surface water quality andtreated leachate qualitymonitoring shall be done atWtEfacility
• Ground water quality to bemonitored within 50 m ofperiphery covering differentseasons
• Waterconsumptionrecordstobekept
Bufferzonearoundfacility
• Buffer zone area to be left as perlayout approval of State PollutionControlBoard
• Green belt buffer to be maintainedinviewofpublicsafety
• Greenbeltshallbedevelopedall along the boundary andvacantspaces
• Fire-fighting system /equipment maintenancerecords
5.2 SocialImpacts&MitigationMeasuresTheprojectdoesnot involveanypopulationfor rehabilitationandresettlement.Allthelaborrequiredforconstructionofthefacilitywillbeprovidedwithadequatecivicas well as health and safety facilities. Further, all the measures prescribed in theenvironmental&socialstatutorypermissionwillbeimplemented.
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Chapter–7:OperatingFramework7.0 IntroductionRiskprofilingalongwithriskmitigativemeasureshavebeenproposedintheproject.Thisisaccompaniedwithcriteriatoqualify&selectthebidder.7.1 Risks&MitigationWhile cost estimates for some individual components are included in the report, alackofcomprehensivedataaswellasuncertaintywithregardstotheuniquecostsanticipatedforanyconstructioninTrivandrum,excludethepossibilityofathorough,component-bycomponenteconomicanalysis.Effortshavebeenmadetoprovideaneducated estimate based on similarly sized WTE plants currently undergoingdevelopmentinKerala&India,butthepossibilityforerror issignificant.Inordertodevelopamoreaccurateestimate,eachcomponentof theplantwouldneedtobepricedandanup-to-dateTrivandrum-specificcostadjustmentforbothshippingandconstruction provided. It isworth reiterating, however, that the current analysis isintendedtobeconservativeandthusshouldnotbeoverlyoptimistic.Beforemovingforwardwiththe implementationofaWTEplant, it isessentialtohavea long-termbuyerinplaceforgeneratedelectricity,sincealongwithtippingfeesitisoneoftheprimaryincomesourcesfortheplant.Additionalinfrastructuralconsiderationsmustbemade, specificallywith respect to transmittingelectricity fromtheWTEplant totheclosestgridaccesspoint.Following Table 7.1 presents details of risks identified for the projects and theproposedallocation:RiskFactor RiskAllocation MitigationMeasuresManagementRiskImplementationcapability&experience Proposer Risk:LOWFundingRisk Proposer Risk:LOWPre-completionriskApprovalsandPermits Governmentof
WhileWTE isaproventechnology,thereremainassociatedpollutionandeconomicriskswithanyWTEdevelopment. These risks canbeminimized, thoughnever fullyeliminated, through sound engineering and financial planning. Possible pollutionissuescouldariseiftheAPCunitsfail,butthefacilitywillbeequippedwithpollutionsensors and alarm systems to minimize the impact of such a failure and quicklyresolveissuesduetocomponentfailure.Emissionsareconstantlymonitoredaspartof regulations but additionally, to ensure the smooth operation of the plant,especially with regards to variations in the incoming waste stream. Safety is theprimary concern of the plant operations, given high temperature and pressurerequirementsinherentinthecombustionprocessesaswellasthepresenceofheavymachineryandpotentialforhazardousmaterials.Itisinthebestinterestoftheplantowners, developers, employees, and neighbors to minimize and, when possible,eliminate negative impacts of WTE construction, and steps must be immediatelytakenintheeventofanysystemsfailurewhichresultsinnegativehealthimpactsorotherwise.Noinvestmentisever100%guaranteed,butriskislowgiventhetrackrecordofWTE.Withcarefulplanningandthorougheconomicanalysis,theproposedplantshouldbeeconomicallyviableinitscurrentstate.Additionally,problemshaveariseninthepastwhenmunicipalitieshavetakenontoomuchofthedebtassociatedwithWTEplantdevelopment.Theroleofgovernmentagencies inourproposedstructure is limitedtosubsidizingtheplant’soperationsunderstateprograms,which is idealgiventhefinancial stresses that most municipalities, Trivandrum included, are undergoingtoday.7.2 IndicativeSelectionCriteriaThe project has very unique features as described below. The selection of biddershouldbebasedonthesefeatures.
1. No need for secondary landfill for the dumping of Ash generated by WTEprocess.
electricityperMTofMSW7.3 ConclusionsA mass-burn WTE facility for Trivandrum, Kerala is economically feasible. Theconsistent,dependableincomefromtippingfees,electricityproductionandmetals&ash recovery provide the incentive to finance the high capital costs of the plant.Citywide economics regardingWTE in Trivandrum are also favorable. Amass-burnWTE facility for Trivandrum is environmentally beneficial. Trivandrum’s current
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methodofdumpinginlandfillsisunsustainable.Itresultsinalargeamountoflandfillgas (mostly methane and carbon dioxide) which contribute to climate change asgreenhousegases.Thecombustionof thewastereducesthevolumethatneedstobe landfilledandavoids long-haul trucking.TheAPCunits at theWTE facility abatethevariousemissionstobelowthestrictregulatorystandardsforemissions,ensuringthatincinerationdoesnotleadtoairpollution.Theenergyproducedfromthewasteoffsets the energy that would need to be produced from fossil fuels. Despite themisconceptionthatWTEandrecyclingdonotwork inunison,WTErecoversmetalsandenhancesrecyclingefforts.Finally,thebottomandflyashistreatedanddonotposeathreattotheenvironment.Amass-burnWTEfacilityforTrivandrummustbe incorporated intothecommunity.The proposed facility is in a largely a residential area, so it will face opposition.However,foranyprojectofthiscalibertocometofruition,communityengagementmust play a role. The community must know that WTE is not hazardous to theenvironment and that it is beneficial. People will also want to know how theirpropertyvalue,dailylifeandcommunitywillbeaffected.AWTEfacilitymustbeopenwiththecommunityby firsteducating itsneighborsbeforebeingbuiltandthenbystaying involved with the neighborhood throughout its operating lifetime. AcommunitycenterandpublictoursareaneasywayfortheWTEfacilitytoaccomplishthesegoals.Another importantaspectforthecommunity isthearchitectureofthefacility.Animpressive,captivatingstructurecanmaketheWTEfacilityacommunitylandmarkthatresidentsareproudtohaveintheircommunity.
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Chapter–8:WayAhead8.0 IntroductionThe project requires assistance from the government in order to fast track thedevelopmentoftheproject.Thefollowingsectiondescribestherequirementsfromthegovernmentaswellasprojectdeploymentframework.8.1 RequirementsfromGovernmentofKeralaTheGovernmentofKerala canplay a critical role in the successful implementationandoperationofaWTEfacility.
• AllotmentoflandatacurrentMSWprocessingsite.• Operatingcontract(ConcessionPeriod)for25yearsorhigher.• Onewindowclearanceorassistancewithalllicense&permits.• Assistance with signing a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with State
8.2 ProjectDevelopmentFramework,Staffing&DeploymentPlanDue to the involvement of various government agencies the time for the variouspermitstobeawardedisunknown.It is our overall understanding that, if there is no need for a public hearing, theprocess may be completed within 8 months. If the public hearing occurs, and isconcluded within one session, the process may take 10 months. However, if thepublic review process continues for longer than one session, this process cancontinue much longer than 10 months. This can pose a significant impedance tofacility constructionwithin a densely populated area like the one allocated by theauthority, for the project, where both professional and public review will beperformedwith incredible scrutinyandconservatism,aspublic contactwithaWTEfacility would occur more frequently, than if the facility was constructed in asuburbanor rural area. Inaddition tomeetingpermitting requirements, the facilitywouldalsoneedtoremain incompliancewithKeralaStatePollutionControlBoard(KSPCB) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) prescribed standards for suchfacilities.Thefacilityandanydevelopmentonsitewillmeetpermitstandardsorany
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constructionproject inthecityandanytenetsthereof, includingnoiseandworkinghourrestrictionsforheavyconstruction,healthandsafetyrestrictionsonsourcesofwaterandsewerconnectionstobeusedduringconstruction,reductionofintrusionofanimalsandpeststothefacilitysite,amongothers.Weintendtoallocateadequatetimetofileandreviewapplications,providingpublicnotice, holding public hearings, and reaching final decisions. This is intended toensure a fair and thorough review, eliminate inconsistencies in procedure, and toencouragepublicparticipation.Waste brought to transfer stations occurs around the clock, but peaks during thesecond shift, between the hours of 8 AM and 12 PM, as a response to density ofresidential collection routes and municipal trucks collection shift scheduling. Thetipping floor design must accommodate the peak arrival rate of municipal trucks,given that no intermediary transfer station will be used. In response to municipaltrucks scheduling, the facility needs tobeopen to acceptwaste 24hoursperday,over three shifts. During nighttime (8 PM to 8AM), when there will be fewermunicipal truck deliveries, the facility may be able to benefit from acceptingdeliveriesofcommercialwaste.The calculations to determine bay requirements are based on the followingassumptions,whichallowfordepositofapeakmaximumrateof200TPDofwaste:Thefacilitywilloperate24hoursperday,brokendownintothreeshifts.Inkeepingwithcompanylaborpolicies,weighingstationandtippingflooremployeeswillwork6.5hoursoutofeach8-hourshift,toallowforshiftchangesandbreaktime,sothefacilitywillacceptwasteatotalof19.5hoursoutofeach24-hourperiod.Thefacilitywill need tobe able to accept approximately 60 collection trucks eachday,with apeak rateof 10 trucks/hourbetween9AMand 11AM.Allowing forhourlypeakingfactorof150%,andseasonalpeakingfactorof125%,thisrequiresamaximumdepositcapacityof15trucksperhour.Consideringtheaboveoperatingschedule.Thefacilitywillemployapproximately50local individualsonafull-timebasis.Table8.1 liststhevariouspositionsandthestaffingrequirementsforeachposition.JobDescription PositionsRequiredFacilityManager 1AssistantManager 1ChiefEngineer 2AssistantEngineer 3ShiftSupervisors 6ControlRoomOperators 5CraneOperators 3Security 3ClericalStaff 6WeighBridge 2Community&VisitorCenter 3
Annexure3.2 DetailedDescriptionoftheBoilerSeeFigure1foraschematicofahopperandgratedesignedforusewithsolidwastefuelsfromDetroitStoker.1)Hopper,2)Throat,3)Ram,4)Grates(reciprocating),5)Roller Bearings – these help in minimize friction and wear. 6) Hydraulic PowerCylinders and Control Valves -- allow for the individual movement of the gratesections.7)VerticalDropOff–whereprimaryairenters8)OverfireAirJets–wheresecondaryortertiaryairenters9)CombustionAir–primarycombustionairispulledinacrossthepit10)AutomaticSiftingRemovalSystem.
SchematicforaHopperandGrateDesignTheboilerproducesheatfromthecombustionofwasteandtransfersthisenergytowater,generatinghighpressuresteamtodrivetheturbine.Themostpopularboilerin the fieldofwaste to energy is thewaterwall boiler.Water tubes run along thewallsoftheboilertosimultaneouslycoolthewallsandheattheprocesswaterthatisheaded for the turbine. In this system the tubeson thewallsof theboiler containonly liquid water at a high pressure. Decreasing the pressure forces the water tovaporizeandmakesteam.Thissteam is furtherheated inasuperheaterbyexitingexhaustgases.
1) MinistryofHousing&UrbanAffairs2) MinistryofRuralDevelopment3) MinistryofChemicalsandFertilizers4) MinistryofAgriculture5) CentralPollutionControlBoard6) Three State Pollution Control Boards or Pollution Control Committees by
(2) This Central Monitoring Committee shall meet at least once in a year to monitor andreviewthe implementationoftheserules.TheMinistryofEnvironment,ForestandClimateChangemayco-optotherexperts, ifneeded.TheCommitteeshallbe renewedevery threeyears.ActionsRecommendedforMoEF&CCforimplementationoftheRule:Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) being overall responsiblefor monitoring of the implementation of the Rules, MOEF&CC may take up this workimmediatelybyinvitingallstakeholderstoappraisethemoftheirrolesandrequestthemtoplan&strategiseimplementationofthefunctionsentrustedtothem.Unlessallstakeholderscomeonboardandsimultaneouslyplanfortheactivitiestobeundertakenbythem,itwouldnotbepossibletoimplementtheRuleseffectivelyinthegiventimeframe.Soon after the first meeting, in initial six months, the monitoring committee may beconvenedonabi-monthlybasistotakeastockofthesituationsandascertainwhetherallthestakeholderslistedinRules'5'to'18'haveinitiatedthemeasuresentrustedtothemfollowedbyhalfyearlyreviewmeeting infirst twoyearstoreviewthe implementationoftheRules.Annualreviewmaybetakenonlythereafter.TheMoEF&CCmayalsoconsiderrollingouttherulesinallthestatesbyorganizingstatelevelsensitizationworkshopssimultaneouslyastimeisrunningout.
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MinistryofHousing&UrbanAffairs(MoHUA)DutiesofMinistryofHousing&UrbanAffairs(MoHUA):(1) The Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA) shall coordinate with StateGovernmentsandUnionterritoryAdministrationsto:(a)takeperiodicreviewofthemeasurestakenbythestatesandlocalbodiesforimprovingsolid waste management practices and execution of solid waste management projectsfundedbytheMinistryandexternalagenciesatleastonceinayearandgiveadviceontakingcorrectivemeasures;(b) formulate national policy and strategy on solidwastemanagement including policy onwaste to energy in consultation with stakeholders within six months from the date ofnotificationoftheserules;(c)facilitateStatesandUnionTerritoriesinformulationofstatepolicyandstrategyonsolidmanagement based on national solid waste management policy and national urbansanitationpolicy;(d)promoteresearchanddevelopmentinsolidwastemanagementsectoranddisseminateinformationtoStatesandlocalbodies;(e)undertaketrainingandcapacitybuildingoflocalbodiesandotherstakeholders;and(f) provide technical guidelines and project finance to states, Union territories and localbodiesonsolidwastemanagementtofacilitatemeetingtimelinesandstandards.ActionsrecommendedonpriorityforimplementationoftheRule:1.MoHUAmayimmediatelyappointateamofconsultants/expertstopreparedraftnationalpolicyandstrategyonSolidWasteManagementincludingpolicyonwastetoenergywithinthreemonthsandorganisestakeholderconsultationsinclusiveofafewstaterepresentativesandexpertstocriticallylookatthepracticabilityofpolicy&strategypreparedbytheministrybeforenotifyingthepolicyandstrategy.2. IssuesuitableguidelinestotheStates/UTstopreparesimilarpolicyandstrategyfortheirrespectivestates.Thisneedtobedoneinatimeboundmannerasthetimelinegivenforthisactivityisalreadyover.3.MoHUAmayorganisestatelevelorregionalleveltrainingandcapacitybuildingprogramsfor sensitising local authorities and stakeholdersonvariousprovisionsofSWMRules, 2016and steps that need to be taken by various stakeholders for the implementations of theRulesbydrawingexpertsfromcentralagencies,institutionsandvariousstates.Thismaybeplanned on a war footing in consultation with state governments. While organising suchprograms,alllogisticsmaybeprovidedbystateagenciesintheirrespectivestatesusingSBMfunds,theMoHUAmaytaketheresponsibilitytoprovidefacultyforimpartingtraining.4. MoHUAmay immediately identify at least three to four institutions in the country andentrustthemthetaskofresearchanddevelopmentinthefollowingareasofSWM.
a. Identification of appropriate technologies for treatment of variouscomponentsofwastewithintheparametersofSWMRules,2016.
b. Identificationofsuitabletools,equipment,andvehiclesforstorageatsource,primarycollection,secondarystorageandtransportationofwasteinvariouslevelsofcitiesandtowns.
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c. ManpowerandmachineryrequirementsforvariousactivitiesinSWMsector.5. MoHUA may create a mechanism for funding the SWM projects in various states andreview the performance of local authorities and agencies through identifiedexperts/institutions on a quarterly basis in the first year followed by half yearly review insubsequentyears.MinistryofChemicalsandFertilizers(MoC&F)DutiesofDepartmentofFertilisers,MinistryofChemicalsandFertilisers:(1)TheDepartmentofFertilisersthroughappropriatemechanismsshall:(a)providemarketdevelopmentassistanceoncitycompost;and(b)ensurepromotionofco-marketingofcompostwithchemicalfertilisersintheratioof3to4bags:6to7bagsbythefertilisercompaniestotheextentcompost ismadeavailableformarketingtothecompanies.ActionsRecommendedforimplementationoftheRule:Thesuccessofcompostingindustrywilldependheavilyonthissupportfromthisministrytothelocalbodiesandtowasteprocessingindustryinthecountry.Thedepartmentmaythereforetakethefollowingmeasuresexpeditiously:
1. TheDepartmentofFertilizersintheMinistryofChemicalsandFertilizersmaycreateadatabaseofcompostplantssetup inallurbancentres in India inconsultationwithCentralPollutionControlBoardandrespectivestategovernments.
wastetoenergyprojectsoveraperiodofnext20-25yearsfromthequality&quantityof nonbiodegradable combustiblewaste that are allowed to be utilised for powergeneration.
3. The ministry may determine the tariff or charges for the purchase of power
1. MNREhasaveryimportantroletoplayinthepromotionofwastetoenergyplants.The ministry needs to carefully look at the SWM Rules, 2016 and evaluate thepotentialofgeneratingpowerfromthenonrecyclablecombustiblefractionofwasteand give suitable advice to local authorities and investors about the suitability ofurbanresidualcombustiblewasteforgenerationofpoweratareasonablecost.
3. Theministrymay assess the capital andO&M cost of 'waste to energy' plants andworkout the viability gap and come up with an incentive scheme for promoting'wastetoenergy'plantsinthecountry.
4. Ministry may facilitate creation of necessary infrastructure for facilitatingconstructionof'wastetoenergy'plants.
Secretary,UrbanDevelopment(States&Uts)DutiesoftheSecretary–in-charge,UrbanDevelopmentintheStatesandUnionTerritories(UTs):(1)TheSecretary,UrbanDevelopmentDepartment in theStateorUnionTerritory throughtheCommissionerorDirectorofMunicipalAdministrationorDirectoroflocalbodiesshall,-(a)preparea statepolicyandsolidwastemanagementstrategy for thestateor theunionterritory in consultation with stakeholders including representative of waste pickers, self
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ActionsRecommendedforimplementationoftheRules:
1. TheMinistryofAgriculture&FarmersWelfareneedtotakeaveryproactivemeasureineducatingthefarmersonthebenefitsofuseofcitycompostintheirfarmlandtoprotect soil health from the adverse impacts of using chemical fertilizer, improveporosityofsoilandmoistureretainingcapacityandprovidedesirednutrientstotheplants.
2. The use of compost may be integrated in the Ministry's ongoing campaigns for
increasingagricultureproduction.
3. Theministrymaycritically lookat thegroundrealityof thequalityofcompost thatcan be produced fromurban biodegradablewaste and the standard laid down forcity compost in the fertilizer control order and considers providing flexibility inacceptanceof compost for application on farm landwithout compromising on thecriticalaspects.
up by the planning commission (12thMay 2014) and assess the future potential of
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wastetoenergyprojectsoveraperiodofnext20-25yearsfromthequality&quantityof nonbiodegradable combustiblewaste that are allowed to be utilised for powergeneration.
3. The ministry may determine the tariff or charges for the purchase of power
1. MNREhasaveryimportantroletoplayinthepromotionofwastetoenergyplants.The ministry needs to carefully look at the SWM Rules, 2016 and evaluate thepotentialofgeneratingpowerfromthenonrecyclablecombustiblefractionofwasteand give suitable advice to local authorities and investors about the suitability ofurbanresidualcombustiblewasteforgenerationofpoweratareasonablecost.
3. Theministrymay assess the capital andO&M cost of 'waste to energy' plants andworkout the viability gap and come up with an incentive scheme for promoting'wastetoenergy'plantsinthecountry.
4. Ministry may facilitate creation of necessary infrastructure for facilitatingconstructionof'wastetoenergy'plants.
Secretary,UrbanDevelopment(States&Uts)DutiesoftheSecretary–in-charge,UrbanDevelopmentintheStatesandUnionTerritories(UTs):(1)TheSecretary,UrbanDevelopmentDepartment in theStateorUnionTerritory throughtheCommissionerorDirectorofMunicipalAdministrationorDirectoroflocalbodiesshall,-(a)preparea statepolicyandsolidwastemanagementstrategy for thestateor theunionterritory in consultation with stakeholders including representative of waste pickers, self
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help group and similar groupsworking in the field ofwastemanagement consistentwiththeserules,nationalpolicyonsolidwastemanagementandnationalurbansanitationpolicyoftheministryofurbandevelopment, inaperiodnot laterthanoneyearfromthedateofnotificationoftheserules;(b)whilepreparingStatepolicyandstrategyonsolidwastemanagement, layemphasisonwaste reduction, reuse, recycling, recoveryandoptimumutilisationofvariouscomponentsofsolidwastetoensureminimisationofwastegoingtothe landfillandminimise impactofsolidwasteonhumanhealthandenvironment;(c)statepoliciesandstrategiesshouldacknowledgetheprimaryroleplayedbytheinformalsector of waste pickers, waste collectors and recycling industry in reducing waste andprovidebroadguidelinesregarding integrationofwastepickeror informalwastecollectorsinthewastemanagementsystem.(d)ensureimplementationofprovisionsoftheserulesbyalllocalauthorities;(e)directthetownplanningdepartmentoftheStatetoensurethatmasterplanofeverycityin the State or Union territory provisions for setting up of solid waste processing anddisposalfacilitiesexceptforthecitieswhoaremembersofcommonwasteprocessingfacilityorregionalsanitarylandfillforagroupofcities;and(f)ensureidentificationandallocationofsuitablelandtothelocalbodieswithinoneyearforsettingupofprocessinganddisposalfacilitiesforsolidwastesandincorporatetheminthemasterplans(landuseplan)oftheStateorasthecasemaybe,citiesthroughmetropolitananddistrictplanningcommitteesortownandcountryplanningdepartment;(h) direct the town planning department of the State and local bodies to ensure that aseparate space for segregation, storage, decentralised processing of solid waste isdemarcated in thedevelopmentplan forgrouphousingorcommercial, institutionaloranyothernon-residentialcomplexexceeding200dwellingorhavingaplotareaexceeding5,000squaremeters;(i) direct the developers of Special Economic Zone, Industrial Estate, Industrial Park toearmarkatleastfivepercentofthetotalareaoftheplotorminimumfiveplotsorshedsforrecoveryandrecyclingfacility.(j) facilitate establishment of common regional sanitary land fill for a group of cities andtownsfallingwithinadistanceof50km(ormore)fromtheregionalfacilityonacostsharingbasisandensureprofessionalmanagementofsuchsanitarylandfills;(k) arrange for capacity building of local bodies inmanaging solidwaste, segregation andtransportationorprocessingofsuchwasteatsource;(l)notifybufferzoneforthesolidwasteprocessinganddisposalfacilitiesofmorethanfivetonsperdayinconsultationwiththeStatePollutionControlBoard;and(m)startaschemeonregistrationofwastepickersandwastedealers.
• EnsureimplementationofSWMRulesbyalllocalauthorities• Identificationandallocationoflandforprocessinganddisposalofwaste• Facilitate establishment of common landfills for cluster of cities to achieve
1. SecretaryUDDmayappraiseallurbanlocalbodies inthestateabouttheprovisionsof SWM Rules 2016, the timelines to be achieved and motivate them to takeappropriatemeasures towards implementationsof theRules.Hemay lay stressonensuring:
a. Community participation and waste Reduce, Reuse, Recycle & Recovery
(RRRR)b. Segregation of wet and dry waste and storage of waste at source in two
separatebins,involvementofwastepickersandrecyclersinreducingwastec. Doortodoorcollectiond. Decentralised processing and minimising collection and transport cost and
2. Secretary UDD may simultaneously assign the task to prepare state policy and
strategy on SWM before December, 2017. This document may be fine tuned onreceivingnationalpolicyandstrategydocumentfromMOUDandthencirculatedtolocalbodiesinthestatewithinthetimelimitofoneyearprescribedintherules.
3. Secretary UDDmay assess the requirement of land for processing and disposal of
wastebyvarious sizesof cities& towns in the stateadopting theyard sticksgivenbelowandascertaintheavailabilityofsuitablelandwithlocalbodies.
S.No.
Cluster sizepopulation
Land requirement forregional landfill per 1 lakhpopulation
Land requirement forprocessing of wasteper1 lakhpopulation
costoflandfills,facilitateprofessionalmanagementoflandfillsandreducethescopeof public outcry against setting up city wise landfills very close to habitation,SecretaryUDDmayfacilitateestablishmentofregionalsanitary landfills inthestateforclusterofcitieswhichareclosetoeachother.
25years'requirementsoflandfortheclusterofthecitiesfallingwithinaradiusof50km from the land identified and develop a mechanism of its professionalmanagementon a cost sharingbasis. Satellite imagerymaybeused for identifyinglarge parcels of land in the state which could be allocated for setting up regionalfacilities.
zone for restricting development around the processing and disposal sites. Aminimum distance as advised by CPHEEO, MOHUA may be notified from theboundary of the land required for processing and disposal of waste prohibitingdevelopmentinthatarea.Assuchthisbufferzonemaybeincludedwithinthelandtobe allocated to local authorities to ensure that no development takes placewithinthebufferzone.
UDD may direct the developers of special economic zones, industrial estates andindustrial park to earmark at least 5% of their total land and construct shades forresource recovery, segregation and recycling ofwaste and direct all the industriessituatedwithintheestatetoavailthisfacilitytopromoterecycling.
9. SecretaryUDDmay give special emphasis to training and capacity buildingof local
10. With a view to promote recycling andwasteminimization, the secretaryUDDmay
facilitateregistrationofwastepicker,recyclersandwastedealersintheirrespectivecities so that theycouldbe involved indoor todoor collectionof recyclablesor itscollectionfrommaterialrecoveryfacilities.Thewastepickerscouldbemotivatedtoget involved in door to door collection ofwaste in away that they take away therecyclables to earn their living and also derive some income from door to doorcollectionofotherwastetoimprovetheirfinancialhealthandqualityoflife.
direct its town planning department and municipal authorities to ensure thatadequatespace isearmarkedforsegregation,storageanddecentralizedprocessingof solidwaste in all schemes of group housing or commercial, institutional or nonresidentialcomplexeshavingmorethan200dwellingunitsoraplotareaexceeding
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5000 sq meters. This may be done by adding a condition in the building planregulations as well as by listing out all existing housing schemes, commercial andinstitutionalcomplexesthatfallintheabovecategoryanddirectthemtosetapartaportion of land and create common facilities for storage and processing of wastewithinthecampus.
performance of all urban local bodies under his charge once in quarter and takesuitablemeasuresforexpeditiousimplementationoftheRules.
Secretary,VillagePanchayatsorRuralDevelopmentDepartmentDutiesoftheSecretary–in-chargeofVillagePanchayatsorRuralDevelopmentDepartmentintheStatesandUnionTerritories:(1)TheSecretary–in-chargeofVillagePanchayatsorRuralDevelopmentDepartment in theState and Union territory shall have the same duties as the Secretary–in-charge, UrbanDevelopmentintheStatesandUnionterritories,fortheareaswhicharecoveredundertheserulesandareundertheirjurisdictions.ActionsRecommendedforimplementationoftheRule:
• The Secretary Panchayats need to list out the panchayats that are declared ascensus towns in each district, appraise the district and block level developmentofficers to educate the notified census towns on their role and responsibilitiesunderasSWMRules,2016.
• For the sake of uniformity, the secretary may get developed simple IEC(Information, Education and Communication)material in vernacular language forcreatingpublicawareness incensustownsandshare itwithallthedistrictsunderhischarge.
• Villages being small entities, very simple systems of waste management may beadoptedanddecentralizedprocessingatthedoorsteporatacommunitylevelmaybe advocated. Segregation and storage of bio-degradable (food waste) and nonbiodegradablewastesmaybeinsistedatsource.
• Emphasismaybelaidonhomecompostingorbio-gasgeneration.Thesegregatedrecyclablescanbepassedontowastepickersorrecyclersfromthedoorsteporitmay be collected by the panchayats, stored at a common shade and sold outperiodicallytorecyclers.
• The panchayatsmay have to be additionally educated onmanaging animal dungand animal feed waste. Such wastes are generally deposited by each ruralhouseholdon thestreets.Suchsitesofwastedepositioncouldbeconverted into
• The panchayats could be encouraged to continue the current practice ofhouseholdscleaningtheareasinfrontofthedwellingunitsandorganisesweepingofcommercialstreetsandimportantpublicplacesschools,officesetc.
§ facilitateidentificationandallocationofsuitablelandasperclause(f)ofRule'11'forsetting up solid waste processing and disposal facilities to local authorities in hisdistrict in close coordination with the Secretary-in-charge of State UrbanDevelopment Department within one year from the date of notification of theserules;
§ review the performance of local bodies, at least once in a quarter on wastesegregation, processing, treatment and disposal and take corrective measures inconsultation with the Commissioner or Director of Municipal Administration orDirectoroflocalbodiesandsecretary-in-chargeoftheStateUrbanDevelopment.
ActionsRecommendedforImplementationoftheRules:The District Magistrate is the most respected officer in the district administration havingwidepowersandhiswordsaretreatedascommands.Hehastwoprincipalrolestoplay.1)InclosecoordinationwithsecretaryUDDofthestate,prepareadatabaseofurbanlocalbodiesandcensustownsinhisdistrict,theirpopulation,wastegenerationrate,requirementof land for processing and disposal of residual waste (as per yard stick given earlier) andavailability of suitable land with each urban area. He may identify the deficiency in theavailability of landwith the local authorities and allocate suitable lands for processing anddisposalofwaste to theurban localbodieswhichdonothave suitable landavailablewiththem.Hemayallocatethelandeitherfreeofcostoronatokenleaserentforaperiodof25-30years.2) Review the performance of urban local bodies and census towns in his district at leastonce in a quarter to ensure waste segregation, collection, transportation, processing anddisposal as per SWMRules, 2016 and take correctivemeasures as required in consultationwithCMA,DMAandsecretaryUDD/panchayats.
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CentralPollutionControlBoard(CPCB)DutiesofCentralPollutionControlBoard.-TheCentralPollutionControlBoardshall:(a)co-ordinatewiththeStatePollutionControlBoardsandthePollutionControlCommitteesfor implementation of these rules and adherence to the prescribed standards by localauthorities;(b) formulate the standards for ground water, ambient air, noise pollution, leachate inrespectofallsolidwasteprocessinganddisposalfacilities;(c) review environmental standards and norms prescribed for solid waste processingfacilitiesortreatmenttechnologiesandupdatethemasandwhenrequired;(d)reviewthroughStatePollutionControlBoardsorPollutionControlCommittees,at leastonce in a year, the implementation of prescribed environmental standards for solidwasteprocessingfacilitiesortreatmenttechnologiesandcompilethedatamonitoredbythem;(e)reviewtheproposalsofStatePollutionControlBoardsorPollutionControlCommitteesonuseofanynewtechnologiesforprocessing,recyclingandtreatmentofsolidwasteandprescribeperformancestandards,emissionnormsforthesamewithin6months;(f) monitor through State Pollution Control Boards or Pollution Control Committees theimplementationoftheserulesbylocalbodies;(g) prepare an annual report on implementation of these rules on the basis of reportsreceivedfromStatePollutionControlBoardsandCommitteesandsubmittotheMinistryofEnvironment,ForestandClimateChangeandthereportshallalsobeputinpublicdomain;(h)publishguidelines formaintainingbufferzonerestrictinganyresidential,commercialorany other construction activity from the outer boundary of the waste processing anddisposalfacilitiesfordifferentsizesoffacilitieshandlingmorethanfivetonsperdayofsolidwaste;(i) publish guidelines, from time to time, on environmental aspects of processing anddisposalofsolidwastetoenable localbodies tocomplywiththeprovisionsof theserules;and(j)provideguidancetoStatesorUnionterritoriesoninter-statemovementofwaste.ActionsRecommendedforImplementationoftheRules:
• CPCB is an apexbody for preventing environmental pollution in the country. TheCPCBneedtokeepatrackontheimplementationoftheseRulesthroughtheeyesofStatePollutionControlBoards/Committees.
• Itmay in initial three years, takeaquarterly reviewof the implementationof theRules by urban local bodies, census towns and other entities covered under theRules through State Pollution Control Boards and advise them to take follow-up/punitiveaction.Themostimportantroleishowevertoprescribethestandardsof ground water, ambient air, noise pollution, leachate in respect of newtechnologies in SWM sector and monitor the adherence to environmentalstandards prescribed from time to time for SolidWaste processing facilities anddisposalsitesinthecountry.
• It needs to ensure that these standards are maintained by all local authorities/operators of the facility. CPCB may take a half yearly critical review of the
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adherence to the standards by local authorities and operators of the facilitiesthrough State Pollution Control Boards/Committees and through its own staffwhereconsiderednecessary.
• As the apex body it may also issue guidelines from time to time on theenvironmental aspects of processing and disposal facilities and also publishguidelines formaintaining buffer zones restricting any residential, commercial oranyotherconstructionactivity fromtheouterboundaryofprocessingordisposalfacilityofdifferentcapacities.
• The CPCB may issue guidelines on inter-state movement of waste to facilitatesettingupofregionalprocessinganddisposalfacilities
(c) examine the proposal for authorisation and make such inquiries as deemed fit,after the receiptof theapplication for thesame inForm I fromthe localbodyoranyotheragencyauthorisedbythelocalbody;
(d) whileexaminingtheproposalforauthorisation,therequirementofconsentsunderrespective enactments and views of other agencies like the State UrbanDevelopment Department, the Town and Country Planning Department, DistrictPlanning Committee or Metropolitan Area Planning Committee, as may beapplicable,AirportorAirbaseAuthority,theGroundWaterBoard,Railways,powerdistributioncompanies,highwaydepartmentandother relevantagenciesshallbetaken into consideration and they shall be given four weeks time to give theirviews,ifany;
(e) issueauthorisationwithinaperiodofsixtydays inFormII tothe localbodyoranoperator of a facility or any other agency authorised by local body stipulatingcompliancecriteriaandenvironmentalstandardsasspecified inSchedules Iand IIincludingotherconditions,asmaybenecessary;
(f) synchronisethevalidityofsaidauthorisationwiththevalidityoftheconsents;(g) suspendor cancel the authorization issuedunder clause (a) any time, if the local
body or operator of the facility fails to operate the facility as per the conditionsstipulated: provided that no such authorization shall be suspended or cancelledwithoutgivingnoticetothelocalbodyoroperator,asthecasemaybe;and
(h) onreceiptofapplicationforrenewal, renewtheauthorisationfornext fiveyears,after examining every applica�on onmerit and subject to the condition that theoperator of the facility has fulfilled all the provisions of the rules, standards orconditionsspecifiedintheauthorisation,consentsorenvironmentclearance.
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(2) The State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee shall, after givingreasonable opportunity of being heard to the applicant and for reasons thereof to berecordedinwriting,refusetograntorrenewanauthorisation.(3) In case of new technologies,where no standards have been prescribed by the CentralPollutionControlBoard,StatePollutionControlBoardorPollutionControlCommittee,asthecasemaybe,shallapproachCentralPollutionControlBoardforgettingstandardsspecified.(4)TheStatePollutionControlBoardorthePollutionControlCommittee,asthecasemaybe,shall monitor the compliance of the standards as prescribed or laid down and treatmenttechnologyasapprovedandtheconditionsstipulatedintheauthorisationandthestandardsspecified inSchedules I and IIunder these rulesasandwhendeemedappropriatebutnotlessthanonceinayear.(5)TheStatePollutionControlBoardorthePollutionControlCommitteemaygivedirectionstolocalbodiesforsafehandlinganddisposalofdomestichazardouswastedepositedbythewastegeneratorsathazardouswastedepositionfacilities.(6)TheStatePollutionControlBoardorthePollutionControlCommitteeshallregulateInter-Statemovementofwaste.ActionsRecommendedforImplementationoftheRules:State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) has a very critical role to play for enforcing theimplementationoftheRulesintherespectivestates.TheSPCBmaythereforedrawoutplantoeffectivelyensureimplementationoftheRuleswhichmayinclude:
nostandardshavebeenprescribedearlier• Take proactive measure to appraise the local authorities from time to time the
deficiency observed in the implementation of the Rules and the correctivemeasures the local authorities need to take to avoid penal action. This programcouldbejointlyorganizedbythestateagencyandstatePCBatleastonceinayear.
management within six months from the date of notification of state policy and
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strategyandsubmitacopytorespectivedepartmentsofStateGovernmentorUnionterritory Administration or agency authorised by the State Government or UnionterritoryAdministration;
(b) arrange for door-to-door collection of segregated solid waste from all householdsincluding slums and informal settlements, commercial, institutional and other nonresidentialpremises.Frommulti-storagebuildings,largecommercialcomplexes,malls,housing complexes, etc., this may be collected from the entry gate or any otherdesignatedlocation;
(c) establish a system to recognise organisations of waste pickers or informal wastecollectors and promote and establish a system for integration of these authorizedwaste-pickers and waste collectors to facilitate their participation in solid wastemanagementincludingdoortodoorcollectionofwaste;
(g) directwastegenerators not to litter i.e. throwordisposeof anywaste such aspaper,waterbottles,liquorbottles,so�drinkcanes,tetrapacks,fruitpeel,wrappers,etc.,orburn or burry waste on streets, open public spaces, drains, waste bodies and tosegregate the waste at source as prescribed under these rules and hand over thesegregatedwaste toauthorised thewastepickersorwaste collectorsauthorisedbythelocalbody;
(h) set-upmaterialrecoveryfacilitiesorsecondarystoragefacilitieswithsufficientspaceforsorting of recyclable materials to enable informal or authorised waste pickers andwaste collectors to separate recyclables from thewaste and provide easy access towaste pickers and recyclers for collection of segregated recyclable waste such aspaper, plastic, metal, glass, textile from the source of generation or from materialrecovery facilities; Bins for storageofbio-degradablewastes shall bepaintedgreen,thoseforstorageofrecyclablewastesshallbeprintedwhiteandthoseforstorageofotherwastesshallbeprintedblack;
(i) establishwastedepositioncentresfordomestichazardouswasteandgivedirectionforwaste generators to deposit domestic hazardous wastes at this centre for its safedisposal.Suchfacilityshallbeestablishedinacityortowninamannerthatonecentreis set up for the area of twenty square kilometres or part thereof and notify thetimingsofreceivingdomestichazardouswasteatsuchcentres;
(j) ensure safe storage and transportation of the domestic hazardous waste to thehazardouswastedisposalfacilityorasmaybedirectedbytheStatePollutionControlBoardorthePollutionControlCommittee;
(k) directstreetsweepersnottoburntreeleavescollectedfromstreetsweepingandstorethemseparatelyandhandover to thewastecollectorsoragencyauthorizedby localbody;
basisandpromotesettingupofdecentralisedcompostplantorbiomethanationplantat suitable locations in the markets or in the vicinity of markets ensuring hygienicconditions;
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(n) collect separately waste from sweeping of streets, lanes and by-lanes daily, or onalternatedaysor twiceaweekdependingon thedensityofpopulation, commercialactivityandlocalsituation;
(o) set-upcoveredsecondarystoragefacilityfortemporarystorageofstreetsweepingsandsilt removed from surfacedrains in caseswheredirect collectionof suchwaste intotransport vehicles is not convenient. Waste so collected shall be collected anddisposedofatregularintervalsasdecidedbythelocalbody;
(p) collect horticulture, parks and garden waste separately and process in the parks andgardens,asfaraspossible;
(q) transport segregated bio-degradable waste to the processing facilities like compostplant,bio-methanationplantoranysuchfacility.Preferenceshallbegivenforonsiteprocessingofsuchwaste;
(r) transport non-bio-degradable waste to the respective processing facility or materialrecoveryfacilitiesorsecondarystoragefacility;
(s) transport construction anddemolitionwaste as per theprovisionsof theConstructionandDemolitionWasteManagementRules,2016;
(u) phaseouttheuseofchemicalfertilizerintwoyearsandusecompostinallparks,gardensmaintained by the local body and wherever possible in other places under itsjurisdiction. Incentives may be provided to recycling initiatives by informal wasterecyclingsector.
(v) facilitate construction, operation and maintenance of solid waste processing facilitiesand associated infrastructure on their own or with private sector participation orthrough any agency for optimum utilisation of various components of solid wasteadoptingsuitabletechnologyincludingthefollowingtechnologiesandadheringtotheguidelines issued by theMinistry ofHousing&UrbanAffairs from time to time andstandardsprescribedbytheCentralPollutionControlBoard.Preferenceshallbegivento decentralised processing to minimize transportation cost and environmentalimpactssuchas:
(w) undertake on their own or through any other agency construction, operation and
maintenance of sanitary landfill and associated infrastructure as per Schedule-I fordisposalofresidualwastesinamannerprescribedundertheserules;
(x) make adequate provision of funds for capital investments as well as operation andmaintenanceofsolidwastemanagementservicesintheannualbudgetensuringthatfunds for discretionary functions of the local body have been allocated only aftermeeting the requirementofnecessary funds for solidwastemanagementandotherobligatoryfunctionsofthelocalbodyaspertheserules;
(y) makeanapplicationinForm-Iforgrantofauthorisationforsettingupwasteprocessing,treatmentordisposal facility, if thevolumeofwaste isexceedingfivemetric tonnesper day including sanitary landfills from the State Pollution Control Board or thePollutionControlCommittee,asthecasemaybe;
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(z) submit application for renewalof authorisationat least sixtydaysbefore theexpiryofthevalidityofauthorisation;
(aa) prepare and submit annual report in Form IV on or before the 30th April of thesucceeding year to the Commissioner or Director, Municipal Administration ordesignatedOfficer;
(bb) the annual report shall then be sent to the Secretary -in-Charge of the StateUrbanDevelopmentDepartmentorvillagepanchayatorruraldevelopmentdepartmentandtotherespectiveStatePollutionControlBoardorPollutionControlCommitteebythe31stMayofeveryyear;
(cc) educate workers including contract workers and supervisors for door to doorcollection of segregatedwaste and transporting the unmixedwaste during primaryandsecondarytransportationtoprocessingordisposalfacility;
(dd) ensure that the operator of a facility provides personal protection equipmentincluding uniform, fluorescent jacket, hand gloves, raincoats, appropriate footwearand masks to all workers handling solid waste and the same are used by theworkforce;
(ee) ensurethatprovisionsforsettingupofcentresforcollection,segregationandstorageof segregated wastes, are incorporated in building plan while granting approval ofbuildingplanofagrouphousingsocietyormarketcomplex;and
(gg) create public awareness through Information, Educa�on and Communication (IEC)campaignandeducatethewastegeneratorsonthefollowing;namely:-
1. nottolitter;2. minimisegenerationofwaste;3. reusethewastetotheextentpossible;4. practice segregation of waste into bio–degradable, non-biodegradable
5. practice home composting, vermi-composting, bio-gas generation orcommunitylevelcomposting;
6. wrap securely used sanitary waste as and when generated in the pouchesprovided by the brand owners or a suitablewrapping as prescribed by thelocalbodyandplacethesameinthebinmeantfornon-biodegradablewaste;
reactive inertwaste and pre-processing rejects and residues fromwaste processingfacilities to go to sanitary landfill and the sanitary landfill sites shall meet thespecificationsasgiveninSchedule–I,however,everyeffortshallbemadetorecycleorreusetherejectstoachievethedesiredobjectiveofzerowastegoingtolandfill;
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(jj) investigate and analyse all old open dumpsites and existing operational dumpsites fortheir potential of bio-mining and bio-remediation and wherever feasible, takenecessaryactionstobio-mineorbio-remediatethesites;
(kk) inabsenceofthepotentialofbio-miningandbio-remediationofdumpsite, itshallbescientifically cappedasper landfill cappingnorms toprevent furtherdamage to theenvironment.
• Preparesolidwastemanagementplanasperstatepolicy• Create public awareness on role of the community in the management of Solid
Waste• Prohibit littering, direct segregation of waste at source, arrange door to door
collection of segregated waste from households and other commercial andinstitutionalpremises
• Promotehomecomposting,bio-gasplant,communitylevelprocessing• Recognize organizations of waste pickers/informal recyclers and integrate them
intothesystemsofSWM• Set-up/facilitate the setting-upof, thoughprivate operator, a common facility for
bio-methanationorcompostingofsegregatedwetwaste.(Thoughhighincapitalcost,Biomethanation is apreferredoptionas itmayproduce lessodourandalsoproduceenergyorbio-fuel/gas)
• Setup/facilitatesettingupof,byprivatesector,MaterialRecoveryFacilities(MRF)as defined in the Rules, for sorting of recyclables by authorised wastepickers/recyclers etc and provide easy access to them at the facility. Such MRFshouldhaveestablishedchannelsforutilizationorrecyclingofsegregatedmaterial,such as plastic/metal/glass waste, to recyclers integrated with RDF Plant withlinkage to cement plants or to waste feed based industrial boilers or integratedwith'WastetoEnergy'plantstoproduceelectricity.
• Setup domestic hazardous waste deposition centres at suitable locations in theurban area. Each small city or townmay have at least one such centrewhere aslarge citiesmay havemultiple centres with density of 1 centre per 25 sq.km cityarea.
• FacilitateconstructionsandO&Mofwasteprocessingfacilities.• Transportsegregatedwastetowasteprocessingfacility/materialrecoveryfacility• Setupsanitarylandfillfordisposalofresidualwaste• Frame bye-laws within one year, prescribe spot fines & ensure timely
implementation.• Prescribeuserfees
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Descriptionofdutiesandresponsibilitiesofurban localbodies,urbanisedpanchayatsandurbanagglomerations:ThelocalauthoritiesmentionedaboveneedtotakeseveralactionssimultaneouslyasundertoensureexpeditiousimplementationoftheRulesasspeltoutinRule'15':i) The local authorities should carefully look at the state policy and strategy that may becirculated to themandprepareSolidWasteManagementplan for the localbodyand takemeasuresfortimeboundimplementationoftheRules.Thismaybedonebysettingupataskforcewithintheorganisationforpreparingtheplan.Externalassistanceofexpertsmaybetakenifandwhenrequiredtomakeacomprehensivesustainableplaninkeepingwithstatepolicy.ii)While thepolicydocument is underpreparation; the local bodymay in accordancewithSWMRules,2016; takeupamassivepublicawarenesscampaigntoeducatethemassesonthefollowing:a)Nottolitteronthestreets,openspaces,waterbodies,drainsetc.b)Keepat leasttwobinsof12-15 litrecapacityathomeoneforbiodegradable(wet)wasteandanotherfornonbiodegradable(dry)waste.c)Segregatewetanddrywasteatsourceandstoreinseparatebins.d)Makeanefforttodohomecompostingorbio-gasgenerationfrombio-degradablewasteandhandoverrecyclablestowastepickersorrecyclersandminimizethewasteatsourceandhandovertheremainingwastetothewastecollectorsdesignatedbythelocalauthority.e) Municipal authority may involve, educate and promote the community in homecomposting,bio-gasgenerationanddecentralisedprocessingensuringthatitdoesnotcauseanyunhygienicconditions,odouretc.f)Asandwhenanydomestichazardouswaste isgenerated, itmaynotbemixedwith thewaste kept in binsmeant forwet and drywaste and instead itmay be kept separate forbeinghandledseparatelyandsafely.g)AsandwhenConstructionandDemolition(C&D)orhorticulturewasteisgeneratedinthepremises,suchwasteshallalsobekeptseparateanddisposedoffasperC&DWasteRules2016andSWMRules2016respectively.iii) Theawareness campaignmaybe followedbyorganisingdoor todoor collectionof thesegregatedwaste. The local authoritymay identify areas accessible bymotorized vehiclesand non accessible areas in the city and plan for door to door collection on a daily basis.KeepinginviewhighdensityofIndianwaste,alightcommercialvehicleof3-5cumcapacitymay be procured per 2000 households and a containerised tricycle or hand cart may beprocured per 200 households for door to door collection from in accessible areas. Thecollectionvehiclesmayhavecentralpartitiontofacilitatecollectionofwetanddrywasteinseparatecompartmentsorcollectionsystem/timingsmaybespecifiedtocollectwetanddrywasteseparately.ThedoortodoorcollectionmaybeadoptedasperAnnexure–A.iv)Collectionfromlargecommercialcomplexesorgatedhousingsocietiesmaybeorganisedfromtheentrygateordesignatedlocationsinsteadofcollectingwastefromindividualunits.Suchcomplexescouldbedirectedtostoretheirwasteinasegregatedmanneratdesignatedlocationtofacilitateeasycollection
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v) With a view to promote recycling, identify or promote waste pickers/recyclers/associations /organisations/self-help-groupsandmakeaneffort to integrate them into thesystemofprimarycollectionofwastethatmayenablethemtopickuprecyclablesfromthedoorsteptoearntheirlivingwithoutbeingpartofthemunicipalestablishment.Theycouldbe given identity cards by the local authority as persons associated in Solid WasteManagementof thecity.Theassociationcouldparticipate in the tenderprocess for takingcontracts for door to door collection by suitably relaxing the condition of the contract infavourofinformalsectorwithoutcompromisingonthequalityofservice.vi)CreationofMaterialRecoveryFacilities(MRF)Theidealsituationwouldbetofacilitatethecollectionofrecyclablesfromthedoorstep.Inasituation where integration of waste pickers/recyclers has not been made at the wastecollection stage, the municipal authority may provide one more opportunity to wastepickers/authorisedrecyclerstopickuprecyclablesfromthewastestreambeforethewasteistakenupforprocessingordisposal.MRFmaybesetupatsuchlocationthatitmayminimisemultiple handling and transportation ofwaste. TheMRFmay therefore be suitably set upnearthetransferstationorata location incloseproximitytothewasteprocessingfacility.Wastepickers/recyclersmaybegivenfreeaccesstoMRFtopickuprecyclablessothatthequantity of waste is minimised and recyclables are optimally processed for deriving newproductsavingnaturalresources.TheMRFfacilityshouldhaveadequatespacetoenableragpickers/recyclerstoweedoutrecyclablesfromrestofthewaste.vii)Withaviewtoensuresafedisposalofdomestichazardouswaste,themunicipalauthoritymaysetuponeormorehazardouswastecollectioncentrewiththedensityof1suchcentreper25sqkmofthecityareaandgivedirectionstothecitizenstodepositalltheirdomestichazardouswasteatsuchcentreduringthe�mespecified.Themunicipalauthoritymaytieupand make arrangement with hazardous waste disposal facility in consultation with statepollution control board for ensuring safe transportation and disposal of such waste. Thecentresoestablishedmaybewellequippedtostoreseparatelyandsafelyvarioustypesofdomestichazardouswastes.viii) Themunicipal authoritymay promote seting up decentralized compost plants or bio-methanation plants at suitable locations within the vegetable, fruit, flower, meat, fish,poultry markets or in the vicinity of markets and minimise the cost of collection,transportation and centralized processing. Themarket associations could bemotivated toset up such facility and educate its members to segregate all bio-degradable wastes anddepositattheprocessingfacilitythatmaybecreatedwithinthemarketor inthevicinityofthemarketandcontributetowardsthecostofO&Mofsuchfacility.ix) Municipal authority may set up compost plants within the parks and gardens forprocessinghorticultureandgardenwasteandutilizethesamewithintheparksandgardenstotheextentpossiblethusminimizethecostofcollectionandtransportationofthisorganicmatteraswellasreducethecostofpurchasingfertilizers.x) The municipal authority may create a mechanism of collection and transportation ofdifferentstreamsofwasteasunder:
xi)Municipalauthoritymay identify locationswheresecondarystoragefacilitiesneedtobecreated to enable street sweepers to deposit the waste collected by them in theirhandcars/tricycles etc to facilitate onward transportation in bulk to the M R F/disposalfacilities.Suchfacilitiesmaybecreatedattherateofatleast4storagedepotspersqkmofthecityareaandtoensurethatabinisavailableatanintervalof500metersandsanitationworker does not have to walk for more than 250 meters to deposit his waste in thecontainer.Thesizeofcontainercoulddependonquantityofwasteexpectedtobereceivedatthedepot.Thesedepotsshouldbekeptcleanandthewastedepositedinthecontainersmustbetransportedbeforethebinsstartoverflowingoratleasttwiceaweekwhicheverisearlier.Effortshouldbemadetodirectlytransportthestreetsweepingsthroughcollec�onvehiclesandmakethecitybinless.xii) Municipal authority may construct or facilitate the construction, operation, andmaintenance of solid waste processing facilities on their own or through private sectorparticipation or through any agency and ensure optimum utilisation of all components ofwaste adopting most appropriate technology such as bio methenation, microbialcomposting,vermicomposting,anaerobicdigestiontechnologyand'wastetoenergy'fromcombustiblefractionofnonrecyclablewasteorkeepasidecombustiblematerialandsupplythesameasfeedstocktosolidwastebasedpowerplantsorcementkilns.xiii) Municipal authority may undertake on their own or through any other agency theconstruction, operation and maintenance of sanitary landfill and associated infrastructuresuchasinternalroads,office,shadeforparkingofvehiclesandmachineries,washroomsetcforthedisposalofresidualwastesuchasstreetssweepings,siltfromdrains,residualwastefromprocessingfacilitiesetc.ManufacturersorBrandOwnersofDisposableProductsandSanitaryNapkins&DiapersDutyofmanufacturersorbrandownersofdisposableproducts and sanitarynapkins anddiapers.-(1) All manufacturers of disposable products such as �n, glass, plas�cs packaging, etc., orbrandownerswho introducesuchproducts in themarket shallprovidenecessary financialassistancetolocalauthoritiesforestablishmentofwastemanagementsystem.(2)Allsuchbrandownerswhosellormarkettheirproductsinsuchpackagingmaterialwhichare non-biodegradable shall put in place a system to collect back the packaging wastegeneratedduetotheirproduction.(3)Manufacturersorbrandownersormarketingcompaniesofsanitarynapkinsanddiapersshall explore the possibility of using all recyclablematerials in their products or they shall
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provideapouchorwrapperfordisposalofeachnapkinordiapersalongwiththepacketoftheirsanitaryproducts.(4)Allsuchmanufacturers,brandownersormarketingcompaniesshalleducatethemassesforwrappinganddisposaloftheirproducts.ActionsRecommendedforimplementationoftheRules:Themanufacturersofdisposableproductsneedtobeconsciousabouttheircorporatesocialresponsibility and take proactive measures to facilitate implementation of the Rules asunder:
• Provide financial assistance to local authorities to establish waste managementsystem to collect, transport and dispose off disposable material from the wastestreams.
• The manufacturers of branded products using non bio-degradable packagingmaterial shall put in place a system to collect back suchpackagingmaterial fromtheiroutletsorbysettingupspecialwastecollectioncentres.Theymayincentivisewastepickers/recyclers to joinhandswith the localauthority incollectionof suchwaste.
• The use of sanitary napkins and diapers is increasing rapidly in the country.Therefore before the management of such waste becomes vey cumbersome,manufacturers of sanitary napkins and diapersmay be persuaded to explore thepossibility of using recyclable materials or provide pouch or wrapper for safedisposal of such waste. It may be emphasised that in larger interest andenvironmental production the first option of replacing non bio-degradablecomponentfromtheirproductwouldbemostdesirable.
IndustrialunitsLocatedwithin100kmfromRefuseDerivedFuel(RDF)and'WastetoEnergy'PlantsbasedonSolidWasteDutiesoftheindustrialunitslocatedwithinonehundredkmfromtherefusederivedfuelandwastetoenergyplantsbasedonsolidwaste-All industrialunitsusing fueland locatedwithinonehundredkmfromasolidwastebasedrefuse derived fuel plant shall make arrangements within six months from the date ofnotificationoftheserulestoreplaceatleastfivepercentoftheirfuelrequirementbyrefusederivedfuelsoproduced.ActionsRecommendedforImplementationoftheRules:
• The local authoritiesmayprepare a list of industries situatedwithin 100 km fromtheurbanareaandascertaintherequirementofpower/fuelofsuchplants.
• The local authoritiesmay explore the optionof setting upRDFplantwithin theirown city or for a cluster of cities at a suitable location at their own or throughprivatesectorparticipation.
• Thelocalauthoritytogetherwiththeoperatorofthefacilitymaynegotiatewiththeindustry to utilise RDF produced by the local authority in their industry as anoptional fuel, taking intoconsideration thecalorific valueofRDFvis-à-vis the fuel
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the industry currently uses in the plant and the cost benefit the industry mayderivedbyusingRDFinleaveofconventionalfuel.
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