Requirements for Energy storage systems (ESS) 2014 -10-14 Ralf Martin Müller

Standardisation - Focus on Safety und Quality 45

ESS – Application and Conditions of Operation 3

Risks , Hazards 2

TÜV Rheinland 1

Testing Batteries and Inverters 5

TÜV Rheinland – History.

Milestones.

Our goal is to be the world’s best independent provider of technical services for testing, inspection, certification, consultation and training. !

Integration of LGA

2005

Merger with TÜV Berlin-Brandenburg

1997

First Foreign Subsidiary

1970

First Product Certification

1960

First Vehicle Inspection

1900

Founded to ensure the safety of manufacturing plants

1872

16.10.2014 TÜV Rheinland LGA Products GmbH

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At Home on All Continents.

Figures 2013

Sales in Mio. € 1,600

- abroad in % 48,4

EBIT in % 7,3

Employees 18,000

- abroad in % 59

Locations: more than 500 in 66 countries

16.10.2014 TÜV Rheinland LGA Products GmbH

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Standardisation - Focus on Safety und Quality 45

Battery - Application and Conditions of Operation 3

Risks , Hazards 2

TÜV Rheinland 1

Testing Batteries and Inverters 5

Batteries - Causes for risks and hazards

Cause Effect

Defect in manufacturing & manufacturing problems

Intern short circuit, overheating – damage

Discontinuous cooling Overheating – damage

Faulty charging device Overcharging – heating – damage

Incorrect use or accident

Short circuited cells or poles – overheating – damage

. . . . . .

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Example: Risk potentials with Lithium-Ion – Storage systems

Typical characteristics Li-Batteries Electrical voltage 2……800 V Electrical current 1…...2000 A Material durability with inflammation range

”combustive“ (electrolyte) 20…200 °C

Energy density of Li-Ion vs Fuel

…150 …1.500 Wh/kg 12.800 Wh/kg

Energy density (Lithium): Ethermal > 10x Electric and therefore an exothermic risk potential comparable to fuel!

But

(Bild: dpa)

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Standardisation - Focus on Safety und Quality 45

Battery - Application and Conditions of Operation 3

Risks , Hazards, 2

TÜV Rheinland 1

Testing Batteries and Inverters 5

Current field of application and demand of qualification

30TWh = 4,8% of power generation in Germany out of 1,4 Mio. plants

53,4 TWh = 8,5% of power generation in Germany with 23.000 plants

on sunny days 35% covering through PV and up to 10% through wind Demand for secure and reliable storage solutions

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Fixed industrial applications:

- Use under standard-industrial environment

- EMC, dust, heat/fire, humidity, etc.

- Use under offshore environment

- additional saline atmosphere and high solar irradiation

-Use under agricultural conditions

additional nitrogenous, ammonium atmosphere and solar irradiation

- Use under geologic/geographical conditions

Commotion, earthquake

Fixed batteries and industrial operation conditions

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Fixed applications in privat sector/home area

- Incorrect use short circuit - safety against overloading

- EMC – Influences inverter, ITC – EMC - Design

- Fire in area of heating system robustness

- Water/flooding in cellar and deep level as well as

dust and humidity IP degree of protection

claims standardised requirements and tests

Residential batteries in private sector

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Standardisation - Focus on Safety und Quality 45

Battery - Application and Conditions of Operation 3

Risks , Hazards 2

TÜV Rheinland 1

Testing Batteries and Inverters 5

Standardisation for Safety & Quality

* Further organisations like BSI, SAE, ANSI, BATSO

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Standardisation for Safety & Transport

38.3.4.1 Test T.1: Altitude simulation

38.3.4.2 Test T.2: Thermal Test

38.3.4.3 Test T.3: Oscillation

38.3.4.4 Test T.4: mech. Stroke

38.3.4.5 Test T.5: External Short circuit

38.3.4.6 Test T.6: Crash (cell) / Crush (pack)

38.3.4.7 Test T.7: Overcharge (pack)

38.3.4.8 Test T.8: Enforced Discharging (cell)

UN 38.3 Requirements and tests for transportation of lithium-batteries

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Current status of standardisation

IEC and DKE AK 371-05 develop /discuss currently: - The IEC 62619 (Li-Ion storage systems for industrial applications) - The 21A/520/NP:2013-04 (VDE AR 2510-50)

The Technical Commitee of BATSO developed the standard BATSO 02

with following content respectively structure of requirements: 1. Fixed energy storage systems in residential buildings;

Flooding, earthquake, fire, misuse, dust and climate 2. Fixed energy storage systems in industrial buildings;

Flooding, earthquake, fire and dust 3. Fixed energy storage systems placed outside (outdoor installation);

Flooding, earthquake, dust and water, solar irradiation, temperature and humidity 4. Fixed energy storage systems for offshore-applications (together with „outdoor

installation"); Flooding (increased demands), solar irradiance, durability against saltmist

Fixed energy storage systems and safety issues

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The Catalogue has been developed with cooperation of the following institutions (Stakeholder):

- Bundesverband Batteriespeicher (BVES), - Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft (BSW-Solar), - Zentralverband Elektrotechnik- und Elektronikindustrie e.V. (ZVEI), - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie (DGS) - StoRegio e.V. - TÜV Rheinland, - Verband der Elektrotechnik (VDE), - CETECOM - Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT).

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Catalogue of safety objectives for residential Lithium-Ions storage systems

Current status of standardisation

The catalogue defines safety objectives for battery storage systems with and without inverter. These safety objectives refer to rechargeable Lithium-Ion-cells (secondary-Lithium-Ion-cells) for fixed residential storage systems :

e.g.:applications combined with Photovoltaic systems The catalogue implements current and upcoming standards and provides an overview

for necessary investigations to guarantee a safe system.

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Current status of standardisation

Catalogue of safety objectives for residential Lithium-Ions storage systems

TÜV Rheinland investigates and certifies lithium-Ion battery-systems for

residential applications in terms of safety, performance and lifetime; Based on BATSO 02:2013, TÜV Rheinland 2PFG safety and quality-standards.

Standardisation - Focus on Safety und Quality 45

Battery - Application and Conditions of Operation 3

Risks , Hazards 2

TÜV Rheinland 1

Testing of Batteries and Inverters 5

Battery testing – residential application

Fire The battery should be able to resist an external fire at least 30 min. The test is defined in DIN EN 13501.

Water/Flooding The battery system should be able to resist immersing under a 30 cm head of water. That can be enabled with the enclosure or an appropriate mounting spot. For floor installation, tests are defined in EN 40050-9, IPX8. (in 50cm depth of water for 90 minutes)

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BATSO 02:2013

Dust The enclosure of the storage system should provide IP5X degree of protection (EN 60529).

Misuse The enclosure of the storage system should be furnished with screws (or different closure technology) to assure, that opening is only possible with special tools. In addition an IP4X degree of protection (EN 60529) must be obtained.

Battery testing – residential application

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[source: SMA]

Test Item Examples

Requirement Examples

Vibration IEC 62660-2 21/709/CDV

Penetration SAE J 2464

Drop FreedomCAR

Immersion UL subject 2580

Roll-over simulation VDA

Mechanical Shock UN Model Regulation

Crush

IEC 62660-2 21/709/CDV

Battery testing – mechanical requirements

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Test Item Examples

Requirement Examples

Overcharge FreedomCAR

Forced discharge IEC 62660-2 21/709/CDV

External short UN Model Regulation

Imbalanced charging UL subject 2580

Charger compatibility UL subject 2580

Partial short circuit VDA

Impedance R,X,IZI Manufacturer

Battery testing – electrical requirements

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Battery testing – electrical requirements

Test Item Examples

Requirement Examples

Overcharge FreedomCAR

Forced discharge IEC 62660-2 21/709/CDV

External short UN Model Regulation

Imbalanced charging UL subject 2580

Charger compatibility UL subject 2580

Partial short circuit VDA

Impedance R,X,IZI Manufacturer

Safety, Power & Life-time investigations

Cell testing Manufacturer: FuelCon 4CH 100A / 5V

Module testing Manufacturer: ESPEC & FuelCon

4CH 800A / 100V

Starter Batteries Digatron 6CH 1200A / 30V

TÜV Rheinland – ESS-Battery testing lab

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Inverter, safety

Inverter safety and grid conformity

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EN 62109-1 - Safety of power converters for applications in photovoltaic systems - Part 1: General requirements

EN 62109-2 - Safety of power converters for applications in photovoltaic systems - Part 2: Special requirements for inverters

Inverter, Grid conformity

Inverter safety and grid conformity

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VDE-AR N 4105 for UK: G 83/1 or G 59/2 - Generators connected to the low-voltage distribution network - Technical

requirements for the connection to and parallel operation with low-voltage distribution networks

VDE 0124-100 - Grid integration of generator plants - Low-voltage - Test requirements for generator units to be connected to and operated in

parallel with low-voltage distribution networks FNN Note for storage systems 05/2013

- Amendment to VDE AR 4105 (delivery of energy) - Techn. guideline „ emergency generator“ (isolated operation) - It is not permitted to take power from the grid and to feed in again.

Conformity evaluation for ESS

Generally at least:

UN T 38.3

EMC Guideline 89/336/EWG BMS (BMU), protection electronics

Guideline 2006/66 (introduction in the market, environmental

compatibility, recycling)

Application-specific guidelines for special environments

(medical….or explosion-risky area)

Standards

Application-specific; Industrial- or residential area IEC 62619, EN 50272-2, IEC 61427-1, EN 50272-2, VDE AR 2510-2-50, VDE

0100/410, Batso 02, EN 61508, EN 62109-1/2 + Grid code requirements

Guidelines & Standards

72 VDI Wissensforum - Bonn - Stephan Scheuer

TÜV Rheinland 2PFG residential 2353 storage systems (analog Catalog of safety objectives )

TÜV Rheinland 2PFG 1306 Performance & Lifetime tested

Energy Storage System certification

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Performance Lifetime

Conclusion 1. Energy storage systems carry potential risks and hazards, which should be controllable due consideration of technological knowledge and specific application. 2. Applied tests for ESS imply a combination of electrical and mechanical tests in consideration of defined environmental conditions. 3. Standardized tests and certifications in regard to safety and performance establish confidence for the manufacturer when designing products and trust for the enduser.

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16.10.2014 TÜV Rheinland LGA Products GmbH 75

Thank you for your attention!

Ralf Martin Müller +49 221 806 3423 mueralf@de.tuv.com