PROGRESS OF THE MILKIT PROJECT IN TANZANIA:
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania – with emphasis on feeds and feeding
Research ActivitiesDVC Assessment in Morogoro and Tanga
(More-MilkiT, MilkIT and SFFF July–Aug 2012 )
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Objectives Obtain an overview of dairy value chains and
DVC actors in selected regions and districts of Tanzania
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Tanga & Morogoro
Region
Tanga & Morogoro
Region
Process 8 villages in 4 districts from 2 regions Focus group discussions with producers in 8 villages Production systems:
Extensive/agro-pastoral (3 villages) – livestock dominates
Semi-intensive (3 villages) – cropping dominates Intensive – improved dairy cows (2 villages)
Individual interviews, selected through snowball principle and key informants, with Service and input suppliers Traders and vendors
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Tanzania
Morogoro Tanga
KilosaMvomero Handeni
Lushoto
a b c
Country
Region
District
Village
MilkIT feed activities in village types a and c. Overarching IP at Regional level and local feed IP’s at District level.
Ward
a b c a b c a b c
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Focus group discussions with producers from 8 villages
Concurrently 3 FGDs in each village focusing on Village mapping – natural, social + financial
resources, infrastructure + land use system Value chain mapping Epidemiological issues – animal health Feeding and breeding management Gender roles, and Livelihood assessment – importance of
livestock – and decision making power in the livestock sector
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Considerations concerning village selection Cattle numbers + number of cattle-keeping
households Improved cattle + number of households with
improved cattle Market channels:
Rural to ruralRural to urban
Production systemsIntensive/semi-intensiveExtensive
Accessibility
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Characteristics of selected villages District Village Cattle
population (no. hds)
HHs with cattle (no.)
Marketing channels
Farming system
Altitude Access-ibility
Tanga
Lushoto Kwang’ wenda
308-Improved
102 Rural-urban
Intensive High Good
Magamba 1330-Improved
330 Rural- urban
Intensive High Good
Handeni Sindeni 4996-Local 86 Rural-rural Extensive Low Good
Kabuku 121-Local + 60-Improved
10-Local + 32-Improved
Rural-rural Extensive + Intensive
Low Good
MorogoroMvomero
Manyinga 298-Improved
42 Rural- urban
Extensive Low/high Good
Kambala 8,614-Local + 354-Improved
562-local + 76-Improved
Rural-urban
Extensive + Intensive
Low Good
Kilosa Twatwatwa
60,317-Local 191 Rural-rural Extensive Low Good
Mbwade 3745-Local 47 Rural-rural Extensive Low Good
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Natural resources & InfrastructureAll villages have
Water from rivers Electric power supply – except Kambala and
Mbwade Opportunity to install chilling facility for collecting
milk Road access throughout the year– except
Kambala
Feeds Easy access to maize bran – could be used to
supplement cows
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Milk marketing channelsMain channels identified
Collection centers (Tanga Fresh and Tan Dairies)
Local restaurants Neighbours/households through vendors
Some channels dropped in the dry season Mainly individual households and restaurants
Differences in prices – lowest by collection centers
Large price fluctuation due to milk surplus in main rainy season
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Feeding systems available Seasonal feeding
Pastoral transhumance (Livestock & household moved)
Pastoral transhumance (Livestock only moved)
Agro-pastoral (mainly grazing within boma feeding or tethering)
Agro-pastoral (mainly boma feeding or tethering)
Agro-pastoral (only stall feeding)
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Feed & feeding issues – 1 3 seasons identified: long and short wet, and dry
season Feed availability varies with seasons
Long and short wet seasons abundant feed in the 8 villages
Dry season low feed availability in both extensive and semi-intensive production system
In extensive system, animals are moved to areas where there is pasture (transhumance)
Feed variability affects Milk availability in three main milk channels and Milk price – increase in dry season
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Feed purchased in Manyinga village, Mvomero Hominy feed (coarse maize flour) Sunflower seed cake Rice polishing Molasses Limestone Dicalcium Phosphate Maclick (mineral powder) Salt
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Feed & feeding issues – 2 Lack of access to concentrate feeds mentioned as a
challenge in semi-intensive systemPreferential feeding reported by farmers in semi-
intensive/ intensive system – pregnant cows fed with concentrate 2-3 months before calving
Fewer feed types contributing to animal diet in extensive than in intensive systemExtensive: communal grazing land, legume and
cereal residues, grazing in valley and transhumance Semi/intensive: grasses from communal land,
planted grasses, crop residue (cereals and legumes), maize bran, tree leaves, conserved feed, banana pseudo stem and tubers depending on availability
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Feeding systems: extensive vs. semi-intensive/intensive
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
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Natural grasses (inriver/stream)
Natural grasses (fromneighboring village)
Legumes (residues ofcowpeas, beans)
Banana pseudo stems,tubers, etc
Conserved feeds
Tree leaves (MPTs)
Maize bran andminerals
Feed resources throughout the year in Kwang’wenda, Lushoto – semi-intensive
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Transhumance
Grazing by the valleys& rivers
Cereal residues
Legume residues
Grazing on communalland
Feed resources throughout the year in Sindeni, Handeni – extensive
Feed & feeding issues – constraints Lack of knowledge
Feeding requirements and feed resources Feed conservation (semi-intensive/intensive system) Cattle do not feed on dry grass
Lack of grazing land Problems with termites Land sales Conflicts between pastoralists and crop farmers
Lack of resources for Hay/crop residue storage facilities Few or no input suppliers in villages Water in the dry season
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania
Feed & feeding issues – possible solutionsPlanted fodders – require dry season
tolerance Compounded feed Feed supplement/additives (e.g., molasses not
used as animal feed) Conserved feeds (Hay, silage) Crop residues (Stover, straw, bean halls etc)
Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania