1
Research activities at Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering institute (ZAG) in the sight of CRM Extreme ABOUT ZAG: • Public non-profit institute established in 1949 • Located in Ljubljana (Slovenia) • 178 employees: 30 PhD, 22 MSc, 70 graduated • 5 departments (Materials, Building Physics, Construction, Road Infrastructure, Metrology • Annual turnover: app. 8-9 mio €: − Fundamental and applied research – 40% − Certification, inspection and technical approvals (AoC) – 30% − Studies, tests, inspections, expert opinions, monitoring and analyses of structures, transport devices, traffic infrastructure, environments – 30% ZAG‘s RESEARCH ACTIVITIES: • synthesis of new materials (organo-inorganic composites, materials for restoration of the cultural heritage, nano self-cleaning coating, etc.), • secondary raw materials (industrial waste, C&Dwaste), • degradation processes (corrosion of metals, degradation processes in stone, concrete and ceramics, freezing, microbial deterioration, etc.), • energy efficiency and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), • earthquake engineering (test methods and analysis, techniques for restoration, numerical modelling), • development, maintenance and testing of the road infrastructure. ZAG‘s (SELECTED) GENERAL EQUIPMENT: • Micro X-ray Computer Tomography (microXCT400, Zeiss XRadia, USA, 2011) • Metallographic / Confocal microscope (AXIO Imager M2z, Carl Zeiss, 2009) • Raman, FTIR, XRD spectroscopy • SEM / EDS, FE-SEM microscope • Etc. ZAG‘s (SELECTED) METAL TESTING EQUIPMENT: • Zwick Z2500Y universal testing machine (nominal max load capacity = 2500 kN) • Metal hardness tester Brinell and Vickers - WPM • Optical emission spectrometer (OES) for the analysis of metals SpectroMAXx • Wet / Salt / Industrial chamber • Potentiostats (Gamry, Autolab), Tribocorrosimeter (Tribotechnic), Autoclave (Cormet) • Etc. STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) ZAG – Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute | Laboratory for Metals, Corrosion and Anti-Corrosion Protection CORROSION IN CONCRETE TRIBOCORROSION www.zag.si/en/ Dr. Tadeja Kosec, Head of the Laboratory [email protected], +386 1 2804 547 KOVAČ, Jaka, ALAUX, Carole, MARROW, T. J., GOVEKAR, Edvard, LEGAT, Andraž. Correlations of electrochemical noise, acoustic emission and complementary monitoring techniques during intergranular stress-corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel. Corrosion science, 2010, vol. 52, iss. 6, 2015-2025. AISI 321 in diluted sulfuric acid, T = 80°C, static load Autoclave tests - AISI 321 in PWR water, T = 300°C ZAJEC, Bojan, BAJT LEBAN, Mirjam, LEGAT, Andraž. Detection and characterization of stress- corrosion cracking of stainless steel in simulated BWR environment [Nuclear Corrosion]. V: Eurocorr 2014. Pisa, Italy Autoclave (Cormet, Finland) • max. 300°C, max. 170 bar • scratching device • integrated tensile unit (max. 30kN) • static conditions protected exposed * A. Česen, T. Kosec and A. Legat, Characterization of steel corrosion in mortar by various electrochemical, CorrSci, vol. 75, p. 47–57, 2013 LABORATORY TESTS IN SOLUTIONS LABORATORY LONG- TERM EXPOSURES FIELD EXPOSURE VERIFICATION OF RESULTS – MicroCT * REAL STRUCTURE MONITORING ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE (ER) PROBES COUPLED MULTI- ELECTRODES GALVANOSTATIC PULSE ER probes coupled multi-el reinforcement COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES * ER PROBE Stainless Steel Reinforcement Corrosion Monitoring in Concrete SERVICE LIFE SERVICE LIFE STAINLESS STEEL Figure: Visual comparison of carbon and stainless steel reinforcement after 4.5 years of exposure in marine environment (dry zone). GARTNER, Nina, KOSEC, Tadeja, LEGAT, Andraž. Monitoring of the long-term performance of stainless steel reinforcement in saline environments. BHM, ISSN 0005-8912, 2016, vol. 161, issue 1, pp. 44-49 Tribocorrosiometer (pin on disc and reciprocating) • Tribo- electrochemical testing • Electrochemical noise equipment • Electrochemical testing NiTinol dental wire – working electrode for studying wear Coupled Multi-Electrode Array (CMEA) – enables spatio-temporal measurements of anodic and cathodic activities on metals SEM image VISUAL image CALC. STRAIN FIELD MicroCT image
