Research and Yoga

Neela Tamhane. Ghantali Mitra Mandal

Points to be discussed

Meaning of research

Definition of research

Types of research

Research in various fields

Need of research in yoga

Research in yoga

Research

• Re- Search.• Enquiry about facts. • Diligent and systematic investigation in to a subject. ®ççÌkçÀMççÇ, mçbMççíOçvç. çÆ®ççÆkçÀlmçkçÀ , HçOolçMççÇj Jç Mççm$çMçáOo ®ççÌkçÀMççÇ.

ResearchResearch – Re- Search. Enquiry about facts. Diligent and systematic investigation in to a subject

®ççÌkçÀMççÇ, mçbMççíOçvç. çÆ®ççÆkçÀlmçkçÀ , HçOolçMççÇj Jç Mççm$çMçáOo ®ççÌkçÀMççÇ.

Our inquisitiveness takes us from known to unknown

®ççÌkçÀmç yççÌçqOokçÀ ÒççƬçÀ³çívçí %ççlç iççí<ìçRkçÀ[Óvç Dç%ççlçç®çç MççíOç.

Definitions

D. Slesinger and M. Stephensons: The manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge.

mççcçççqv³çkçÀjCç箳çç nílçávçí Jçmlçá, mçbkçÀuHçvçç Jç ÒççÆlçkçÀçb®ççÇ nçlççUCççÇ.Webster’s Dictionary: A careful critical inquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles.lçlJçí çÆkçbÀJçç lçL³çí MççíOçC³ççmççþçÇ kçÀjC³ççlç ³çíCççjçÇ çÆ®ççÆkçÀlmçç.

Contd..

Clifford Woody: Collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.

mçbMççíOçvççcçO³çí mçcçm³çí®ççÇ J³ççK³çç kçíÀuççÇ pççlçí, lççÇ mçáOççjuççÇ pççlçí, GHççÆmçOoçblç cççb[uçí pççlççlç, ÒçoÊç iççíUç kçíÀuçí pççlççlç, l³ççb®çí cçáu³çcççHçvç kçíÀuçí pççlçí, çÆvçiçcçvç kçíÀuçí pççlçí, l³ççJçªvç çÆvç<kçÀ<ç祮ççÇ Hç[lççUçÆCç kçÀªvç GHççÆmçOoçblç çÆmçOo nçílççí çÆkçbÀJçç vççnçÇ ní HçççÆnuçí pççlçí.

Research is:Original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge for making it advance.GHçuçyOç %ççvççcçO³çí cçáuçYçÓlç ³ççíiçoçvç kçÀªvç lçí DççÆOçkçÀ mçbHçVç, mçcç=Oo kçÀjCçí. Search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solution.JçÌ%çççÆvçkçÀ HçOolççÇvç ímçcçm³çí®çí çÆvçjçkçÀjCç kçÀjCçí.

Study, observation, comparison and experiment.DçO³ç³çvç,çÆvçjçÇ#çCç,lçáuçvçç Jç Òç³ççíiç cnCçpçí mçbMççíOçvç.

The significance of research :

(a) To write thesis for master’s or Ph.D. -careerism or a way to attain a high position in the social structure;(b) To professionals in research methodology - a source of livelihood;(c) To philosophers and thinkers- the outlet for new ideas and insights;(d) To literary men and women -the development of new styles and creativework(e) To analysts and intellectuals- the generalisations of new theories.Thus, research is the fountain of knowledge for the sake of knowledge and an important source of providing guidelines for solving different business, governmental and social problems. It is a sort of formal training which enables one to understand the new developments in one’s field in a better way.

Types of research:

Basic or fundamental: cçáuçYçÓlç mçbMççíOçvçGathering knowledge for knowledge sake.ÒçmLçççÆHçlç %ççvççlç lçlJçí Jç

çÆvç³çcççJoçjí Yçj Hç[lçí

Natural phenomenon, mathematics,study of human behavior.vçÌmççÆiç&kçÀ Mççm$çí (jmçç³çvç

Mççm$ç, HçoçLç&çÆJç%ççvç), iççÆCçlç, cççvçJççÇ

Jçlç&vççmçbyçbçÆOçlç %ççvç,

Contd.. Types of research:

Albert Elis: REBT – Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy.

çÆJçJçíkçÀçÆvç<þ çÆJç®ççj HçOolççÇ. YççJçvççb®çí ªHççblçj kçÀjC³çç®çç cççiç&HçlçbpçuççÇ $çÝ<ççÇ : DççÆJçγçç, Dççqmcçlçç, jçiç,Joí<ç, DççÆYççÆvçJçíMçcççiç& - ÒççÆlçÒçmçJç, O³ççvçní³ççmlçod Jç=Êç³ç:

cçÌ$ççÇkçÀªCççcçáçÆolççíGHçí#ççCççb mçáKçoá:KçHçáC³ççHçádC³ççÆJç<ç³ççCççb YççJçvççlççÆÞ®çÊçÒçmççovçcçd 1.33

Contd.. Types of researchb) Applied research GHç³ççíçÆpçlç mçbMççíOçvçAims at finding solution for problems faced by society, business organization.Research to identify social, economic or political trends that may affect. Marketing, evaluation research.

cçnlJç箳çç mçcçm³çí®çí çÆvçjçkçÀjCç - HççCççÇ, JççÇpç

çÆJççÆMçä çÆJçYççiçç Hçájlçí cç³çç&çÆolç – cçábyçF&lççÇuç Mççuçí³ç çÆJçÎçLçç¥lççÇuç

mLçáuçlçççÆmçOoçblçç®ççÇ J³ççJçnççÆjkçÀ

GHç³çákçwlç Dçmçlçí.

Contd: Types of research C) Descriptive Research: Survey, fact finding. Only report – survey method comparison, correlation. e.g. frequency of shopping, preference of people.

pçí kçÀçnçÇ Iç[uçí Dççní, Iç[lç Dççní l³çç®ççÇ vççWo IçíCçí. Goç. uççíkçÀçbvçç kçáÀþí KçjíçÆo kçÀjç³çuçç DççJç[lçí, kçÀçíCçlçç yç´B[.

D) Qualitative ( içáCççlcçkçÀ)- Jçlç&vççcççiççÇuç ÒçíjCçç- cçÎHççvçE) Quantitative ( mçbK³ççlcçkçÀ) – SKççoçÇ iççíä çÆkçÀlççÇJçíUç, çÆkçÀlççÇ ÒçcççCççlç Iç[lçí. HççJçmçç®ççÇ vççWo.

Research in various fields:

oíMçç®ççÇ ÒçiçlççÇ mçbMççíOçvççJçj DçJçuçbyçÓvç Dçmçlçí.

mçjkçÀçjçÇ OççíjCçí þjçÆJçC³ççmççþçÇ, mççcçççÆpçkçÀ mçcçm³çç mççí[çÆJçC³ççmççþçÇcççvçmçMççm$ç ,DçççÆLç&kçÀ,jçpççÆkçÀ³ç #çí$ç, æJçÌ%çççÆvçkçÀ #çí$ççlççÇuçmçbj#çCç çÆJç<ç³çkçÀ OççíjCçí, MçílçkçÀçÇ, ³ççbçÆ$çkçÀçÇ,Dççjçíi³ç.HçájçlçÊJç Kççlçí, GllçKçvçvççlççÇuç Jçmlçá,mçççÆnl³ç, mçbmkç=ÀlççÇ.JçÌÎçÆkçÀ³ç #çí$ç- çÆJççÆJçOç J³ççOççÇ, DççÌ<çOçíSíçÆlçnççÆmçkçÀ mçbMççíOçvç- yçKçj, Mçm$çí, çÆMçuHçkçÀuçç

Mr vishnu shridhar wakankar 1957 bhartiya puratava vibhag bhopal. Mesolithic age, Chalcolithic age

Research in various fields:³ççíiç箳çç #çí$ççlççÇuç mçbMççíOçvç :³ççíiççÆJç<ç³çkçÀ lçlJç%ççvç Jç ûçbLççb®çç DçY³ççmç- ûçbLç, nmlççÆuççÆKçlçí çÆcçUçÆJçCçí, mçbkçÀçÆuçlç, Yçç<ççblççÆjlç kçÀjCçí , DçLç& DçvJç³ççLç& uççJçCçí, ³ççÌçÆiçkçÀ mçbkçÀuHçvçç mHçä kçÀjCçí, kçÀçí<ç yçvççÆJçCçí

³ççíiççÆMç#çkçÀçbmççþçÇ MçÌ#ççÆCçkçÀ mçbMççíOçvç.

DçO³çççqlcçkçÀ Dççí{ Dçmçuçíu³çç mççOçkçÀçbmççþçÇçÆJççÆJçOç #çí$ççlççÇuç J³ççqkçwlçb®³çç Dççjçíi³ççmççþçÇ- iç=çÆnCççÇ,çÆJçÐççLçça, KçíUç[Ó, DççÆOçkçÀçjçÇJçiç&, mçbiçCçkçÀç®çç JççHçj kçÀjCççd-³ççbmççþçÇ

Research in various fields:Yoga as therapy

Diseases of various systems Brain activity – alpha waves

Rehabilitation

Disable person- visually impaired

Need of research:

Doubt leads to inquiry, inquiry leads to invention.

Research is inquiry about facts. Essential for development of nation as it isApplication oriented.

Generate climate of science, rational attitude, urge of experiment.

Need of research in yoga:

Yoga has age-old tradition, science of life, deals with spiritual evolution to attain highest state of one’s potential

Yogic science is subjective and experiential. (DçvçáYçJçpçv³ç)Modern medical science is objective and experimental. ( Òç³ççíiçççÆOççÆÿlç )Yogic science also talks about anatomy physiology, psychology which should be proved with modern parameters.

Jçío, GHççÆvç<çoçlççÇuç %ççvçç®çç mççþç cnCçpçí®ç $çÝ<ççÇcçávççR®³çç DççlcççÆpç%ççmçílçÓvç Pççuçíuçí mçbMççíOçvç.

SkçÀçblççlç jçnávç çÆJçÞJç箳çç içá{lçí®³çç çÆ®çblçvççlç, mJçmJçªHç箳çç O³ççvççlç cçivç Dçmçlççbvçç pççÇ çÆJç®ççj Mçáv³çlçç DççuççÇ l³ççlç $çÝ<ççRvçç DçO³ççlcç Òçmçço Pççuçç, vçæJççÇ lçlJçí mHçáÀjuççÇ.

Contin:

No standardization of yoga techniques

No proper documentations.

Yogic scriptures are mostly in Sanskrit.

To understand how yoga works, different components, how do they work, influence human body.³ççíiççlççÇuç mçbMççíOçvççcçáUí ³ççíiçMççm$çç®çç çÆJçkçÀçmç nçílç vççnçÇ lçj ³ççíiçç®çí cçnlJç HçìJçávç oíC³ççmççþçÇ ³ççíiççlççÇuç mçbMççíOçvçç®ççÇ DççJçM³çkçÀlçç Dççní.

Yoga does not work only on body but impact is on mind which influences

Emotions( Dukham), Attitude(daurmanasya),Body (angamejayatvam), Breath (shwasa prashwasa) P.Y 1.31

current trend to measure these is insufficient.

VID-20170106-WA0012.mp4

Research process.

Define Research Problem Review the literature Review concepts and theories Review previous research finding Design Research (including sample design)

Collect data (Execution)

Analyse data (Test hypotheses) Interpret and report

Formulate hypotheses

Research Design

The research design must make enough provision for protection against bias and must maximise reliability. The design in such studies must be rigid and notflexible(a) Objective of the study (what the study is about and why is it being made?)(b) Selecting the sample (how much material will be needed?) (c) Inclusion Exclusion Criteria, Control group, Study group. (d) Convenient place to conduct the study, time, duration, (e) Parameters.(f) Collecting the data(g) Processing and analysing the data.(h) Reporting the findings.( Result, Conclusion)

Research work in Yoga:

Swami Kuvalyananda (1920), Kaivalyadham, Lonavala – Nauli and Agnisara)

All India Medical sciences (1961) –Ramanad yogi – Burning candle. Mahesh Yogi- (1966) TM

SVYASA- Many research projects.

Dean Ornish (2002), California – life style change-reverse coronary heart disease.

Contin:

NIMHANS- Bangalore- neuro-physiological changes in pranayama

Ghantali Mitra Mandal, Thane. Jail Inmates

Swami Ramdeo

Bihar school of yoga-

Lonavala Yoga Institute-AYUSH, CCRYN, ICMR etc are funding the research projects

Yoganidra- Swami Mangaltirtham

Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM)

Initial phase of yoganidra

Progressive relaxation in yoganidra

DçHçÓCç&çÆcçob

Conclusion:

Thank you