CommunicationsResearch & Citation

Okanagan College Library

Fall 2010 | RJ & LJ

Objectives

• To identify and find appropriate resources• To understand why we cite• To understand how we cite• To understand the basics of APA

Identify and focus topic

Topic: An investigation of postsecondary students’ class attendance and their academic performance.

Research question: Is there causation between postsecondary students’ class attendance and their grades?

Identify keywords

Postsecondary = college, university, undergraduate

Attendance = participation, school attendance, college attendance

Class = classes, courses, programs

Grades = grading, marking, performance, achievement, attainment, success, credit, advancement, academic success

Finding SourcesBooks

• Books can have more than one author• Books can contain works by many authors and have

an editor• Books can be found using the library catalogue• Access the catalogue using the Books & Media link

on the library homepage

Finding Sources: Using Call Numbers

Finding SourcesReference

• Background information can be found in reference sources

• Reference sources include encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks and directories.

• Reference sources are found in the reference section in the library and under Reference Sources on the library homepage

Finding SourcesArticles

• Newspapers, magazines, and peer-reviewed• Peer-reviewed articles appear in journals• Find articles by searching library databases• Access databases using Articles link on the

library homepage

AcademicLibraryPublisher

Editor

Peer Reviewers

CreationManuscript & IP

DisseminationPublication (Registration and Certification)

Reformulation

Why do we cite?

• Citations demonstrate how you developed your argument and ideas from the ideas of others

• Citations give credit where credit is due• Citations give the reader of your work a path

to the sources you used, so they can investigate those sources if interested

(Mohanty et al., 2009)

Why do we cite?

• If you don’t acknowledge other people’s work, words or ideas you commit plagiarism

“Penalties for plagiarism serve both to educate students about standards of scholarship and to deter deception and poor scholarly practices. Penalties will reflect the seriousness of the offence; including whether the offence was intentional or unintentional and whether it was a first or a repeat offence” (Okanagan College, 2010, Penalties section, para. 1 ).

Okanagan College Academic Offenses regulations and policies

APA: What is it?

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is a style manual that provides guidance and standards in:• research ethics• the publication process• article format and presentation• AND

Citation

APA = American Psychological Association

Building Citations

Building blocks?•Author(s)•Publication date•Title•Publication information• Format-specific details

(i.e. page numbers, doi)

What is it?•Journal article•Book•Report

What format?•Print•Electronic

Constructing Citations

Constructing Citations

Constructing a Citation

• Chapter in an Edited Book• Look at your handout!

• Reference List• In-text• Direct quotes

Constructing a Citation

• Article retrieved online• Check your handout!– Journal article full-text, with doi– Journal article without doi, no full-text– Journal article full-text, without doi

Reference ListAlon, S., & Tienda, M. (2007). Diversity, Opportunity, and the Shifting Meritocracy in Higher Education. American

Sociological Review, 72, 487-511. Retrieved from http://www.asanet.org/journals/asr/

Anderson, K., Durbin, E., & Salinger, M. (2008). Identity theft. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2), 171-192.

doi:10.1257 /jep.22.2.171

Finnie, R., Lascelles, E. & Sweetman, A. (2005). Who goes? The direct and indirect effects of family background on

access to postsecondary education. In C. M. Beach, R. W. Boadway, & R. M. McInnis (Eds.), Higher

Education in Canada (pp. 295-338). Kingston, ON: John Deutsch Institute for the Study of Economic

Policy, Queen’s University.

Newman-Ford, L., Fitzgibbon, K., Lloyd, S., & Thomas, S. (2008). A large-scale investigation into the relationship

between attendance and attainment: A study using an innovative, electronic attendance monitoring

system. Studies in Higher Education, 33, 699-717. doi:10.1080/03075070802457066

Smelser, N. J., Wright, J., & Baltes, P. B. (Eds.). (2001). International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral

sciences [Adobe Arobat]. Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com

Thatcher, A., Fridjhon, P., & Cockcroft, K. (2007). The relationship between lecture attendance and academic

performance in an undergraduate psychology class. South African Journal of Psychology, 37, 656-

660. Retrieved from http://www.journals.co.za/ej/ejour_sapsyc.html

Don’t Forget!

• Give credit where credit is due• Consult OC Library APA Citation Style guide• Consult APA Publication Manual• If you are unable to identify a specific

example, use an example that is most like your source

• OC Library Research Writing & Citing guide• Ask!

ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC:

Author.

Association of College and Research Libraries. (2009). ACRL scholarly communication 101: Starting with the basics [PowerPoint]. Retrieved from http://www.acrl.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/issues/scholcomm/docs/SC%20101%20Introduction.ppt

Mohanty , S., Orphanides, A., Rumble, J., Roberts, D., Norberg, L., Vassiliadis, K. (2009). University libraries' citing information tutorial. Retrieved from http://www.lib.unc.edu /instruct/citations/introduction/

Okanagan College. (2010). Academic offenses. Retrieved from http://webapps1.okanagan.bc.ca/ok/calendar /Calendar.aspx?page=AcademicOffenses

LJ&RJ | 13/10/2010