Research Perspectives on the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Symposium || Back Matter

Back MatterSource: The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 16, No. 2, Research Perspectives on the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Symposium (Jun., 1972)Published by: Sage Publications, Inc.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/173322 .

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* WILKENFELD, JONATHAN, Virginia L. Lussier, and Dale Tahtinen. Conflict interac- ) * tions in the Middle East, 1949-67. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XVI, 2 (June

1972), 135-154. E J

E This study attempts to assess the relative weight that three distinct sets of variables- : t the domestic conflict experienced by a state, the prior level of the state's own foreign : 0 conflict behavior, and the level of foreign conflict behavior being directed against

* the state in the same period-have on the extent of a state's foreign conflict. Daily data were collected and analyzed on 31 types of conflict for the years 1949-67, for Egypt (UAR), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.

Domestic conflict was found to play a relatively minor role in the foreign conflict : processes of each of the nations. Secondly the isolation of a carryover effect from month to month of foreign conflict levels indicates that factors external to the immediate conflict situation were at work in determining foreign conflict levels of each state. Finally it was found that the most important predictor of each state's foreign conflict behavior was the conflict behavior directed toward it.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ BLECHMAN,*BARRY M. The impact of Israel's reprisals onUbehavior of the bordering

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Arab nations directed at Israel. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XVI, 2 (June 1972), 155-181.

IU

The use of reprisal has been a recurrent element in Israel's policies with respect to the bordering Arab nations. These events may be characterized as the use of armed force at Israel's initiative against targets in the territory of the neighboring states,

:ostensibly at least in response to acts or omissions on the part of the target government, which Israel perceived to be provocative. More than one hundred such events have occurred since the signing of the General Armistice Agreements in 1949. This paper measures the degree to which the reprisals have accomplished their most frequently cited purposes-to reduce Arab initiated conflict directed at Israel, and to cause the12 Arab governments to behave more cooperatively toward Israel. It is found t h eset

* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I ontheqborerngehv varab eenetuontre nations.Teeevnsmy ecaateizeda ther used o a rmtedtp * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I ostbensvibyatles moiniresponsreqtuatior misonendhpr of the target government,

wiAZAR, EDWARD E. Conflict escalation and conflict reduction in an international crisis: Suez, 1956. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XVI, 2 (June 1972), 183-201.

| Over a period of time two nations establish between them an interaction range which they perceive as "normal." This normal relations range (on a scale frieqendly . to very hostile) tends to incorporate most of a dyad's interactions and is bound by upper and lower critical thresholds. Conflict escalation is the movement to above the upper critical threshold, and conflict reduction is the return to below that threshold. Using the frequency and intensity of inter-nation events data coded from the 1956 Suez crisis (from July 26, 1956, through January 11, 1957) and a thirteen-point scaling instrument, the author shows that during the escalation phase (in comparison with preescalation and with conflict reduction phases) conflicting parties tend to (a) exhibit a symmetrical pattern of hostile interactions and (b) reduce the chronological time intervening between consecutive hostile interactions. Furthermore he shows that during |

conflict reduction the conflicting parties tend to exhibit (c) asymmetrical hostile interac- : tion patterns and (d) increase the chronological time (or temporal distance) between

consecutive hostile events. In an exploratory hypothesis the author suggests that conflict- a ing dyads tend to reduce their hostile interactions to within their normal relations

fi range when (1) they achieve or frustrate their goals, (2) incur heavy costs, or (3) X

they feel pressujred by changes in the domestic and international environments.X

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PEACE RESEARCH ABSTRACTS A publication of the International Peace Research Association

Each monthly issue contains 750 abstracts of papers published, since 1945, in various languages, on every aspect of international relations.

Volume VIII, Number 1 is dated January, 1971. All volumes are equally valuable to the scholar and back issues are still available at the regular subscription price. Avail- able only by subscription.

Institutional rate: $70 per volume.

Individual rate: $35 per volume. A five dollar discount is available for ordering directly from the Journal.

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PEACE RESEARCH REVIEWS The reviews of Volume III were:

Theories of Deterrence.--John Raser Ideology and Personality in Social Attitudes. William Eckhardt Initiatives and Responses in Foreign Policy.-Alan Newcombe International Integration in Developing Regions. James Lawler & Jerome Laulicht Three Mathematical Studies on Wars. John Voevodsky, Jeffrey Milstein & William

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SIVERSON, RANDOLPH M. The evaluation of self, allies, and enemies in the 1956 | Suez Crisis. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XVI, 2 (June 1972), 203-210.

The results of small group experiments indicate a pattern of perception in which group members hold positive evaluations of their own group and negative evaluations of opposing groups. There are indications that these evaluations are generalized to 0 the allies and the enemies of the perceiver. Moreover evidence has been introduced which indicates that winning or losing in intergroup competition affects the perceivers evaluations of themselves, their allies, and their enemies. Based upon a content analysis I 5 of eighty-two documents, this study presents data describing the manner in which V.P foreign policy decision-makers of Egypt and Israel evaluated themselves, their allies, U

and their enemies during the Suez Crisis of 1956. The data indicate that to a large | _

extent the findings of the small group studies are consistent with the evaluations of II) Israeli and Egyptian decision-makers; for example after the main periods of the crisis j Q

Israel, the winner in the military engagements, lowered its evaluation of its enemies and raised its self-evaluation.

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I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I BURROWES, ROBERT, and Douglas Muzzio. The road to the Six Day War: towards X

an enumerative history of four Arab states and Israel, 1965-67. Journal of Conflict I Resolution, XVI, 2 (June 1972), 211-226. I I

Plots of interactions within the Arab-Israeli and inter-Arab domains suggest that 3 a relational analysis of the coming of the Six Day War will require an empirical domain which extends beyond the UAR and Israel. Transformation of the Arab-Israeli domain after 1965 is best described in terms of the degree to which the rising level of conflict became a matter of Syrian-Israeli conflict; UAR-Israeli conflict was negligible during the year prior to mid-May 1967. The inter-Arab domain was transformed from one of cooperation in 1965 to one of conflict and cooperation in 1966-67; during the latter period, conflict and cooperation were distributed in an increasingly bipolar pattern among the "revolutionary" and "conservative" Arab states. The plots of the two domains suggest that conflict between the UAR and the "conservative" Arab states mediated the relationship between the upward trend in Syrian-Israeli conflict

I and the sudden escalation to war between Israel and the UAR. The data used to generate the plotted streams of targeted conflict and cooperation

among Israel, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the UAR consist of approximately 4500 a external events drawn from ten global and regional chronologies and indexes. l l

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IBRAHIM, SAAD E. M. Arab images of the United States and the Soviet Union before and after the June War of 1967. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XVI, 2 (June 1972), 227-240.

The purpose of this article is to describe, analyze, and explain the orientations of a potential Arab elite toward the United States and the Soviet Union. Arabs educated in American universities were sampled before and after the 1967 Arab-Israeli War.

E Their attitudes toward the two superpowers were measured on six international issues ranging from world tension in general to colonialism and economic aid to poor nations. The images of the Soviet Union and the United States were found to be sharper

a after 1967 than before. The variance in the subjects' attitudes toward the superpowers was more a function of their leanings toward socialism and democracy before 1967. After 1967 such variance was more a function of their nationalist dispositions.

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Journal of Peace Research Edited by Johan Galtung

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Contents double issue 3-4, 1971

A rticles J. Galtung: Middle East Conflict H. R. Targ: Social Science & a New Social Order 9). Sande: Perception of Foreign News P. 0. Reinton: Southern Sudan and Imperialism G. Hilton: Expressions of Hostility in Crisis R. J. Yalem: Controlled Communication

Research Communications from T. Hoivik, G. Iden, W. Keim, D. Krieger, S. Langholm, and A. L. Pelowski

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL mco A quarterly review published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Vol. XXIII, No. 1, 1971 UNDERSTANDING AGGRESSION Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lionel Tiger Relevance of ethology to human aggressiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Bigelow Neurological basis of violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jose M. R. Delgado Recent research on hormonal factors relevant

to human aggressiveness .. . . . . . . ... .. . ... . . . . . .. David A. Hamburg Nature and control of aggressive behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert A. Hinde Crisis, stress and decision-making ....... . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . Ole R. Holsti Social aspects of international aggression . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . N. A. Kovalsky Aggressiveness in the human life cycle within different

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* HOFMAN, JOHN E. Readiness for social relations between Arabs and Jews in Israel. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XVI, 2 (June 1972), 241-251.

E Readiness for social relations between Arab and Jewish high school seniors in Israel I

was explored by questionnaire and by group discussions of questionnaire results. Social I relations are generally considered possible and desirable by both Arabs and Jews, ? but move toward asymmetry at the more demanding levels of readiness. Arabs more

E often than Jews claim to be fostering relations, do nothing to avoid them, and find I life unsatisfactory without them. Arabs are also more accurate in their perception

of the others' intentions than are Jews. Judging from a small sample of Arabs, evaluations * by Arabs of Jews are positive and differentiated, while Jewish evaluations of Arabs * hover around neutral. Asymmetry of attitudes, perceptions, and evaluations is interpreted

by resorting to the notion of asymmetric contingency which arises when two individuals ' or groups are unequally dependent on one another. Arabs, more dependent on Jews : than the other way around, may be the group in greater need for social contact and cognitive clarity.

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DOWTY, ALAN. The application of international guarantees to the Egypt-Israel conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XVI, 2 (June 1972), 253-267.

This paper investigates the possible role of international guarantees in bolstering an agreed settlement of the Egypt-Israel conflict. Drawing on a larger study of 115 international guarantees since 1815, it is shown that effective unilateral guarantees have generally been associated with dominance by the guarantor, although "containment" guarantees by a distant superpower formerly ineffective have been more reliable in the cold war period. Multilateral guarantees have been based on a degree of great power unity that does not however exist today. It is suggested that unilateral superpower

*guarantees of any settlement be limited to Soviet and American guarantees against each other, while on a "multilateral" level the most credible guarantee might be based on middle-level states with an interest in Middle East stability. Such states might establish a guaranteeing force drawn from a wide variety of sources, with a clear

*mandate for enforcement, and with unprecedented safeguards to ensure credibility in its peformance.

BEIT-HALLAHMI, BENJAMIN. Psychosocial aspects in the Arab-Israeli conflict: a review of the literature. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XVI, 2 (June 1972), 269-280.

This review is an introductory guide to the literature on selected psychosocial and cultural aspects of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Its aims are to survey some of the scientific and nonscientific efforts that have been made to understand the psychosocial bases of behaviors in this conflict, and to clarify evidence related to major propositions regarding the impact of those bases. Its scope was limited by accepting the basic caveats of Kelman and Etzioni. Attempts to deal with the history and present status of the conflict from a psychological perspective were classified into three groups: psycho-

'logical-theoretical, psychological-empirical, and historical-ideological. This group of over- ,views was used as a source of propositions and hypotheses, and three issues were

selected as the foci for this review: (1) cultural characteristics and "national character" as parameters in the conflict; (2) the internal function of external conflict as an impedi- ment to solution on both sides; and (3) optimism and the uses of psychology in reaching for a resolution.

I I I I I I I I I I I I *____ _ DOWTY, ALN. The aplicationof intentionally garantees o the Egpt-Israelconflict



The Journal of

SOCIAL o spssi

1972 VOLUME 28 No.1

COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE AND CIVIL CONFLICT Issue Editor: Lewis A. Coser

Introduction ......... . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . Lewis A. Coser

Conflict and Social Order: A Research Strategy for Complex Propositions .. ........................................ . Robin M. Williams, Jr.

The Calculus of Civil Conflict ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ted Robert Gurr

1830 and the Unnatural History of Revolution ..... . . . . . . . . . . James Rule and Charles Tilly

Frustrations, Comparisons, and Other Sources of Emotion Arousal as Contributors to Social Unrest ......... .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . Leonard Berkowitz

Some Pertinent Questions on Collective Violence and the News Media . .................................. . Gladys Engel Lang and Kurt Lang

Mass Media and Racial Crisis: A Study of the New Bethel Church Incident in Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald I. W arren

Methods for Resolving Differences of Interest: A Theoretical Analysis . ............................................ . Dean G. Pruitt

Violence: Justification and Responsibility

SPSSI Presidential Address: 1971

The Justification of Violence: Social Problems and Social Solutions .......... ................................... . . Robert l. Kahn

Assignment of Responsibility in the Case of Lt. Calley: Preliminary Report on a National Survey .Herbert C. Kelman and Lee H. Lawrence

Biographical Sketches

The Activists' Corner: Social Reform and Organized Psychology . ......... Doris K. Miller

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BEN-DAK, JOSEPH D. Some directions for research toward peaceful Arab-Israeli relations: analysis of past events and gaming simulation of the future. Journal of y Conflict Resolution, XVI, 2 (June 1972), 281-295.

This essay reflects on the articulation of means for behavior reversal in the Arab-Israeli l conflict. This is predicated upon a prescriptive assessment of the different contributions

* in the symposium published in the June 1972 issue of the Journal of Conflict Resolution, E

E digesting the array of behaviors realized, and offering certain properties of behaviors |

that could be part of a new peace system. Some of the reasons for the drought ' U that currently exists in the study of peace are then examined in light of this digest, and a research direction that may be more attuned to future event assessment is |g

drawn. Gaming simulation and event data analysis, the two interrelated components n a E of this research "strategy," are further explored in terms of their relevant assets '

and possible compatibility. I--

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SURVIVING TO 3000: An Introduction to the Study of Lethal Conflict Roy L. Prosterman, Professor of Law, University of Washington

SURVIVING TO 3000 is a pioneering formulation of the field of study of lethal conflict. The book's novel format combines essays-syntheses by the author, readings, commentary and semi-Socratic questioning technique involving the reader.

Contents: 1. THE DIMENSIONS OF LETHAL CONFLICT: a. Murder and Suicide; b. Domestic Group Violence; c. International Group Violence. 2. VIEWS OF CAUSATION: BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES: a. Observation of Other Species; b. Aggression in Higher Animals; c. Aggression in Man. 3. VIEWS OF CAUSATION: LETHAL FOLLOWERS AND DEADLY LEADERS: a. In the Laboratory; b. On the Battlefield; c. Leadership and Lethal Conflict; d. A Survey of Theories. 4. LETHAL CONFLICT IN PREHISTORIC AND PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES: a. Prehistoric Man; b. Lethal Conflict in Primitive Societies. 5. WAR AND REVOLUTION IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD: a. Internal Conflict; b. War; c. Causation in "Total War'. 6. CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT IN THE U.S.A.: a. The Bombers, the SDS, and the Student Revolutionaries; b. Black Revolutionary Violence. 7. THE TECHNOLOGY OF LETHAL CONFLICT: a. A Note on Modern Weaponry; b. Nuclear Weapons and "Deterrence"; c. Proliferation; d. Biological and other Mass-Destruction Weapons. 8. UNDERSTANDING AND ENDING LETHAL CONFLICT: a. The Control Paradigm; b. The Agreement Paradigm; c. The Initiative Paradigm; d. The Amelioration Paradigm; e. The Utopian Paradigm; f. The Peaceful Society. Extensive Bibliography. 384 pages, 61V2 x 91V4, softcover. Spring 1972.

For more information write to:

Duxbury Press 6 Bound Brook Court North Scituate, Mass. 02060

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Nasir A Study in

Political Dynamics

By R. Hrair Dekmejian

Egypt Under Nasir is a comprehensive study of Egyptian politics since the 1952 Revolution with special em- phasis on the interaction of charis- matic leadership, ideology, elites, social groups, and institutions. Based predominantly on original Arabic- language sources, the study traces the evolution of the political system from 1952 through the June 1967 War and the aftermath of President Gamal Abd al-Nasir's death in 1970.

The central portion of the book is devoted to Nasir's attempts to build a new order on the basis of the legiti- macy of his charisma and according to his new ideological precepts. The various constituent elements of the new revolutionary order - National Union, Arab Socialist Union, National Assembly - are discussed in detail. This section also contains an extensive study of the Egyptian power elite since 1952.

I S B N 0-87395-080-1 $10.00

Supply

Centre By Martin W. Wilmington

Edited by Laurence Evans

Foreword by Commander Sir Robert Jackson

During World War 11, the United States and Great Britain contributed to the successful operation of a regional organization which indis- putably saved the Middle East for the Allied cause and which, if per- petuated, might have formed the basis for regional peace and stability. This was the Middle East Supply Centre, whose creation, evolution, responsi- bilities, and activities are described analytically in this volume.

Beyond the author's narrative and analysis of the Centre's wartime logistical activities, he has placed the whole enterprise in a far larger setting: Anglo-American collaboration; the imperious influence of world powers; the aspirations of underdeveloped nations; and the growth in the area of 'economic regionalism.

I S B N 0-87395-081-X $10.00

State 7Jniversity ofJQw York Press Albany, New York 12201

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Comparative Studies in Society and History Volume 13, Number 4. October 1971

Editorial Review of Volume 13

Perception of Ethnic and Cultural Differences JOHN J. APPEL From Shanties to Lace Curtains: The Irish Image in Puck, 1877-1910 W. R. JONES The Image of the Barbarian in Medieval Europe ROMILA THAPAR The Image of the Barbarian in Early India SIDNEY W. MINTZ Groups, Group Boundaries and the Perception of 'Race,'

Review A rticle DENIS GOULET and MARCO WALSHOK Values among Underdeveloped Marginals:

Illustrative Notes on Spanish Gypsies

Agrarian Reform: A Summary ROBERT LAPORTE, JAMES F. PETRAS and JEFFREY C. RINEHART The Concept of Agrarian

Reform and Its Role in Development: Some Notes on Societal Cause and Effect Books Received

Subscription price $8.50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 32 East 57th Street, New York, N.Y. 10022

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INSURGENCY AND COUNTERINSURGENCY IN ALGERIA

By Alf Andrew Heggoy

The outbreak of the Algerian Revolution in November 1954 began four years of guerrilla warfare during which the in- surgents forced the French to adopt new methods of fight- ing. Mr. Heggoy's perceptive assessment of the Algerian experience sheds new light on anticolonial struggles elsewhere. 352 pages $10.00

Indiana University Press * Bloomington, Indiana 47401

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flUe husks on creating A New World Order

THIS ENDANGERED PLANET by Richard A. Falk, Princeton-Random House; $8.95 "[Falk] has written a radical and realistic manual for human survival. . . . It is the essence of Falk's book that a drastic system change is possible without violence."

Charles Bolt, New Republic

ECONOMICS AND WORLD ORDER by Jagdish H. Bhagwati, MIT-The Macmillan Company; $11.95

Scholars from the East, West, and Third World discuss general problems such as the world monetary system, the mul- tinational corporation, and regional integration.

BUILDING THE CITY OF MAN: OUTLINES OF A WORLD CIVILIZATION by W. Warren Wagar, SUNY Binghamton-Grossman Publishers; $10 cloth, $3.95 paper "[A] bold, opinionated, and exciting book. An incisive analysis and a blueprint for a global society."

Richard Barnet, Saturday Review

GUERRILLA STRUGGLE IN AFRICA: AN

ANALYSIS AND PREVIEW by Kenneth W. Grundy, Case Western Reserve-Gross- man Publishers; $12.50 cloth; $4.95 paper A future of Southern Africa and a scenario for the end of apartheid.

OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES

Advanced and specialized research papers on world order issues.

#1-STABILITY AND STRATEGIC NU-

CLEAR ARMS by Philipp Sonntag and Horst Afheldt, Germany-World Law Fund; $3.00 paper

#2-CAPITALISM, UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND THE FUTURE OF THE POOR COUN- TRIES by Thomas Weisskopf, Harvard -

World Law Fund; $1.00 paper

Write for Catalog of Books and Materials, and Description of Services.

WORLD LAWFUND

University Program 11 W. 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10036

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Announcing a New Journal

U INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIONS A Transnational Multidisciplinary Journal Editor: Edward E. Azar

a A m g Associate Editors: D. Bobrow, P. Burgess, L. Dencik, E. Bounding, A. Scott Editorial Advisory Board: F. Attina, D. Bell, R. Brody, V. Castillo-Vales, N. Choucri, V. Davis, R. Falk, D. Frei, E. Haas, A. Jacobson, C. McClelland, F. Munger, R. North, W. Phillips, J. Prothro, A. Rapoport, R. Richter, J. Steiner, J. Thibaut, J. Tuichin, J. Wolpert, 0. Young

Areas of Interest: Forecasting Theory and Methodology - Crisis Analysis - Early Warning Systems - Models of World Order - Social Psychological Dimensions of International Behavior

- Negotiations and Peaceful Settlement - Inertia in International

PPolitics - Analysis of Cycles - Conflict Management - Comparative Foreign Policy - Population and International Tension - International Signalling - etc.

Four Issues per Volume

Forthcoming Books (FaZZ/Winter 1972)

* INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIONS Theory and Practice of Events Analysis

Edward E. Azar and Joseph Ben-Dak, Editors

An introductory text in events data analysis that aims at assessment of up-to-date progress. This progress is delineated by leading scholars who clarify the basic issues, suggest methodology, illustrate their application in research and policy making, and offer an inventory of relevant data both archived and fugitive. This text can be directed to college freshmen and graduate students, and has an outstanding array of target users in teaching, research, and political thinking. Possible fields: Sociology - International Relations - Peace Research

* INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS - 31 :t0> 0:t The Methodology of Their Assessment

Joseph Ben-Dak, Editor

For the beginning graduate student, this volume exposes areas of research in international conflicts, presents detailed suggestive analyses, and postulates feasible applications. The Middle East is treated in terms of a poignant example, which can be used as a universal frame of reference in the study of other conflicts.

-- Possible fields: Political Science - Psychology - Sociology - Interdisciplinary Studies

? i;; E SIMULATION OF INTERSOCIETAL RELATIONS Joseph Ben-Dak, Editor

Topics discussed: Social Simulation as Mirrors of Macro-Systems - Designing Social Simulations for Researching Inter-Societal Relations - Social Simulation Research Contribution - The Future of Simulation - Researching Peace - Implications for Further Research

GORDON AND BREACH

440 PARK AVENUE SOUTH NEW YORK, N. Y. 10016



JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Submission of Manuscripts Manuscripts and editorial communications

should be addressed to The Editors, Journal of Conflict Resolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104.

Initial submission of a manuscript. Two copies of each manuscript should be submitted. The manuscript need not conform to JCR style in all respects, but should be typed, double-spaced, and easily legible. Original art work for figures should not be sent at first, but clear copies should be included. The author should always retain a complete copy of his submission. No responsibility is assumed for the loss or injury of unsolic- ited manuscripts or art work.

Final preparation after acceptance. Once a manuscript has been accepted, or when revisions are to be made at our request, the author will be expected to provide us with two copies of the final version, and these copies must conform (if the earlier version did not) to the style require- ments described below. The author must then provide camera-ready art work for any figures. A 150-word abstract of the article is also needed.

Final versions of manuscripts must be typed with a dark, black ribbon (electric typewriter pre- ferred), clearly mimeographed, or multilithed. Do not use ditto. A minimum of corrections may be made in dark ink, but the typesetter should not be expected to piece the manuscript together. Double-space everything, including footnotes and references.

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Table 1 about here

Use extra space rather than dividing lines in tables. Figure captions are typeset separately, not photographed with the figure, so they should appear on a separate sheet. All art work must be

keyed on the back with author's name and figure number.

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Substantive footnotes should be numbered con- secutively, and their texts should be typed at the foot of the page where reference to them appears.

Place the "Reference" section immediately after the text of the manuscript. References should be alphabetized. Book references should include city and publisher as well as date of publication; journal citations should include volume number, issue number, and page numbers at beginning and end of the cited article. The order, capitalization, and punctuation of these reference items should conform to those found in JCR issues of the 1970 volume rather than earlier volumes. Technical Policies Related to Publication

Articles are published in the order of their submission insofar as this is consonant with other editorial considerations. If an author wishes to pay for earlier publication, a fee of $40.00 per Journal page will be charged. In this case extra pages are added to the issue, and the appearance of articles by nonpaying authors is not in any way delayed by paid publications. Criteria for acceptance and editorial processing are the same in both cases.

A total of 75 reprints of each article are bound up from the original press run and are automati- cally sent to the senior author (to be shared with co-authors if any). No additional reprints are ob- tainable from this office.

Authors may be charged for any alterations made by them in galley or page proofs. Original art work will not be returned unless the author specifically requests it within three months after the issue has appeared.



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Research Perspectives on the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Symposium || Back Matter

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