Variables Measured Study instrument
Dietary Intake status
3 days 24-hour diet recall form [4], Nutritionist Pro Diet Analysis Software version 2.09 (Nutri-Pro) [4]
Height, Weight and Body
CompositionInBody 270 body composition analyzer [4]
Dietary intake status amongst Selangor State Football players during regular training
Choo ZY1, Megan CHZ, Sangeetha S1, Tan SS1 Appukutty M2
1Division of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University2Programme of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation, University Teknologi MARA
• Nutrition is an important aspect in sports, that documented to be a strong determinant in predicting achievements and sport performance amongst athletes [1].
• Intake of adequate nutritious food is also crucial to support the recovery process following training regime [2,3].• Nevertheless, the dietary intake and nutrition adequacy of Malaysian football players is not documented extensively.• A cross sectional study was conducted among state level footballers age between 18 to 21 years old to determine their dietary intake status.
• To determine Malaysian footballer's dietary intake. • To determine Malaysian footballer’s nutrition adequacy.
Methodology
Results
• Study Design: Cross-sectional Study • Recruitment of subjects: 52 male footballers from Selangor
Football Association (FAS) was recruited. • Selection criteria: Healthy footballers aged 18yr -21yr. • Sample Size: N=52.• Statistical Analysis: SPSS version 25 and NutriPro
software• Ethical Approval: Approved by International Medical
University Joint-Committee of Research & Ethics (IMU-JC) and Selangor Football Association (FAS).
Figure 1: Subjects’ characteristics in percentage (N=52)
Table 1: Subjects’ characteristics
Table 2: Dietary Status (Macronutrient)
Table 3: Dietary Status ( Micronutrient)
Discussion Conclusion • The dietary intake of macro and micro-‐nutrients
of the Selangor state footballers was lower than the daily nutrient recommendations.
• Insufficient nutrient intakes may compromise on the performance and recovery of football players.
• Regular nutrition education is recommended to improve the quality of diet intake by having a good balance diet to enhance the sporting performance. .
§ The athletes, despite their high energy expenditure, had a lower intake of total energy,lower intake of carbohydrate, satisfied intake of protein but high intake of fat, than theRecommended Nutrient Intake (RNI, 2017) that been established for Malaysian adults [5].
§ Similarly, for the micronutrient dietary status, the athletes met only 50% or even lesser thanthe RNI for most of the micronutrients. Some of the micronutrients are consider asessential elements in compromise on the performance and recovery of athlete [6].
§ Their major sources of carbohydrate, and protein was white rice and chicken. Majority oftheir daily dishes were prepared by using cooking methods such as deep frying or pan-frying. Most of their meals consumed had no fruits and vegetables.
§ The factor that affected their choices of foods maybe due to their habits since young ageand peer influences [7].
§ Other factor can affect their ability to practice healthy eating such as the availability ofhealthy foods at home as well as parental influences [8].
References
Study Methods
1. Walsh, N.P. (2019). Nutrition and Athlete Immune Health: New Perspectives on an Old Paradigm. Sports Med 49, 153–168. 2. Shephard RJ, Shek PN. (1995). Heavy exercise, nutrition and immune function: is there a connection? Int J Sports Med. 16(8).
491–7. 3. OC (International Olympic Committee) (2010) IOC consensus statement on sports nutrition 2010. Available at:
http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reports/EN/CONSENSUS‐ FINAL‐v8‐en.pdf (accessed 5 June 2021).4. Robert D. Lee, David C. Nieman. Nutritional Assessment. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 20135. National Coordination Committee on Food and Nutrition Ministry of Health Malaysia. Recommended Nutrient Intakes for
Malaysia: A report of the technical working group on nutritional guidelines. 2017. 6. Gleeson, M., Nieman, D.C., Pedersen, B.K. (2004). Exercise, nutrition and immune function. Journal of Sports Science, 22:
115-125. Doi: 10.1080/02640410310001405907. Fitzgerald A, Heary C, Kelly C, Nixon E, Shevlin M. Self-efficacy for healthy eating and peer support for unhealthy eating are
associated with adolescents' food intake patterns. Appetite. 2012; 63: 48-58.8. Anja S et al. The Nutrition Quality of Food Provided from Food Pantries: A systematic Review of Exiting Literature. Journal of
the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2017 April; 117(4):577-587.
1) International Medical University (IMU) research grant; 2) Coaches and footballers from Selangor Football Association
32%
86%
23%
13%
100%
45%
1
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Age
Etnicity
Gender
Percentage
Characteristics
Subjects’ Characteristics in percentage (N=52)
18 19 20
Male
Malay Indian Others
Acknowledgements
Nutrition Society of Malaysia 36th Scientific Conference 2021
Introduction
Study Objectives
Characteristics Total (n= 52)
Age (y) 19.7 ± 0.9Weight (kg) 63.8 ± 6.8
Height (cm) 171.4 ± 5.1
Body Fat (%) 15.3 ± 3.7
Fat Mass (kg) 9.9 ± 2.9
Skeletal Mass (kg) 30.5 ± 3.3
Macronutrient Total (n= 52)
Total Energy (kcal) 2054.0 ± 741.4
Carbohydrates (g) 245.1 ± 74.4
Protein (g) 81.1 ± 28.2Fat (g) 78.8 ± 41.4
Micronutrients Total (n= 52)Vitamin A (mcg) 991.3 ± 582.1Vitamin C (mg) 39.8 ± 74.4Vitamin D (mcg) 2.3 ± 2.7Vitamin E (mg) 3.6 ± 3.1Vitamin K (mcg) 8.9 ± 2.8Thiamin (mg) 0.9 ± 2.1Riboflavin (mg) 1.23 ± 1.1Niacin (mg) 8.7 ± 5.1
Pantothenic Acid (mg) 3.5 ± 1.5Pyridoxine (mg) 1.5 ± 1.0Biotin (mcg) 8.4 ± 21.8Folate (mcg) 56.1 ± 65.8
Cobalamin (mcg) 1.7 ± 1.8Calcium (mg) 475.1 ± 296.3Iron (mg) 17.9 ± 10.18
Magnesium (mg) 73.7 ± 60.1Zinc (mg) 4.1 ± 2.9
Phosphorus (mg) 983.9 ± 539.8Potassium (mg) 1019.1 ± 454.19