RESEARCH PROPOSAL:

EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC

RADIATION FROM MOBILE PHONES

ON TEMPORAL LOBE

NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

Abneil D. Alicea

RISE Program

UPR Cayey

HYPOTHESIS

• The human being can be seen affect by the

radiation that mobile phones emit, making

some damage in our nervous system or our

body, by affecting specifically Temporal lobe

neurotransmitters.

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

• Acetylcholine

• Dopamine

• GABA

• Glutamate

• Norepinephrine

• Serotonin

Brain chemicals

that communicate

information

throughout our

brain and body.

TEMPORAL LOBE

Its the direct part of the brain

that can be affected by

phones radiation.

SPECIFIC ABSORPTION

RATE (SAR) • SAR is a measure of the amount of radio-

frequency energy absorbed by the body

when using a mobile phone.

• The Federal Communication Commission

(FCC)

• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Top 20 Highest Radiation Cell Phones

(maximum possible SAR level from phone)

Cell phone brand and typeSAR

levelCarrier

1 Motorola Droid Maxx 1.54 Verizon

1a. Motorola Droid Ultra 1.54 Verizon

3 Alcatel One Touch Evolve 1.49 T-Mobile

3a. Huawei Vitria 1.49 Metro PCS

5 Kyocera Hydro Edge 1.48 Sprint

6 Kyocera Kona 1.45 Sprint

7 Kyocera Hydro XTRM 1.44 Metro PCS

8 BlackBerry Z10 1.42 Verizon

9 BlackBerry Z30 1.41 Verizon

9a. ZTE Source 1.41 Cricket

9b. ZTE Warp 4G 1.41 Boost

12 Nokia Lumia 925 1.4 T-Mobile

12a. Nokia Lumia 928 1.4 Verizon

14 Sonim XP Strike 1.39 Sprint

14a. Kyocera Hydro Elite 1.39 Verizon

16 T-Mobile Prism 2 1.385 T-Mobile

17 Virgin Mobile Supreme 1.38 Virgin

17a. Sprint Vital 1.38 Sprint

19 Sprint Force 1.37 Sprint

Source: Lynn La and Kent German, "Cell Phone Radiation Levels," www.reviews.cnet.com, Jan. 16, 201

Top 20 Lowest Radiation Cell Phones

(maximum possible SAR level from phone)

Cell phone brand and typeSAR

levelCarrier

1 Verkool Vortext RS90 0.18 Unlocked

2 Samsung Galaxy Note 0.19 T-Mobile

3 ZTE Nubia 5 0.225 Unlocked

4 Samsung Galaxy Note 2 0.28 Verizon

5 Samsung Galaxy Mega 0.321 AT&T

6 Kyocera Dura XT 0.328 Sprint

7 Pantech Discover 0.35 AT&T

8 Samsung Galaxy Beam 0.36 Unlocked

9 Samsung Galaxy Stratosphere II 0.37 Verizon

10 Pantech Swift 0.386 AT&T

11 Samsung Jitterbug Plus 0.4 Great Call

11a. Jitterbug Plus 0.4 Great Call

13 LG Exalt 0.43 Verizon

13a. Samsung Galaxy Note 2 0.43 Sprint

15 HTC One V 0.455 US Cellular

16 LG Optimus Vu 0.462 Unlocked

17 Samsung Galaxy S Relay 4G 0.47 T-Mobile

17a. Samsung Rugby 3 0.47 AT&T

19 HTC One Max 0.5 Sprint

Source: Lynn La and Kent German, "Cell Phone Radiation Levels," www.reviews.cnet.com, Jan. 16, 201

Model SAR level Carrier

Apple iPhone 5 1.18 AT&T

Apple iPhone 4S 1.11 Sprint Nextel

Apple iPhone 4S 1.11 Verizon Wireless

Apple iPhone 4S 1.11 AT&T

Apple iPhone 4 1.18 Virgin Mobile

Apple iPhone 4 1.18 Verizon Wireless

Apple iPhone 4 1.17 AT&T

Apple iPhone 3GS 0.79 AT&T

Apple iPhone 3G 1.38 AT&T

Apple iPhone 0.974 AT&T

Source: Lynn La and Kent German, "Cell Phone Radiation Levels," www.reviews.cnet.com, Jan. 16, 201

RESEARCH DESIGN &

METHODS• Exposed the Rattus norvegicus’ to a SAR =

1.14 W/Kg, 3 h/day for 4 months, 6 months

and 1 year

• The Rattus norvegicus’ (Laboratory rats)

exposed brains will be compared with our

non-exposed brains.

RESEARCH DESIGN &

METHODS

• Radiofrequency (RF) source- simulated the

actual sources encountered in mobile

communications such as stations, handsets,

etc.

• In vivo brain Dialysis- that is allowed to

determine the extracellular changes of many

neurotransmitters in the brain.

RESEARCH DESIGN &

METHODS

• Compare and study the Temporal Lobe

brain of a person that has used the mobile

phone for more than 6 years with one that

hasn’t used one, by doing an MRI test and a

PET Scan.

MRI

Medical imaging technique

used in radiology to

investigate the anatomy and

function of the body in both

health and disease.

In this case use to study

neurotransmitters in the

brain.

PET SCAN

Imaging test that uses a

radioactive substance called

a tracer to look for disease in

the body.

Shows how organs and

tissues are working.

In this case the brain.

GOALS

• Find out if the constant use of phones in a

long-term is dangerous or not.

• And if it is dangerous look for a solution

REFERENCES• E. Conil, A. Hadjem, F. Lacroux, M.F. Wong, J. Wiart, Variability

analysis of SAR from 20 MHz to 2.4 GHz for different adult and

child models using FDTD

• AHMED, A.N., A. ASSAD, H.S. ABOUL EZZ, N.M. RADWAN,

Effect of Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation from the Mobile

Phone on Acetylcholinestrase Activity in the Hippocampus and

Striatum of Young and Adult Male Rats , Med. J. Cairo Univ., 2006,

74(2) (Suppl.), 129–135.

• EDELSTYN, N., A. OLDERSHAW, The acute effects of exposure

to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human

attention. Neuroreport, 2002, 13, 119–121.