Research Smart NVivo 9 Part 1 User Guide · Research Smart NVivo 9 – Part 1 4 V 3.0...

Research Smart

NVivo 9 – Part 1

User Guide By Margaret Armstrong

Research Smart NVivo 9 – Part 1

latrobe.edu.au/library V 3.0 3

Copyright © La Trobe University

Copyright in the information in this manual is vested in La Trobe University pursuant to the Australian Copyright Act 1968. Unless otherwise stated, no part may be reproduced by any process, unless permitted by the Australian Copyright Act 1968, or used for any commercial purposes without the written permission of La Trobe University.

Disclaimer

While every effort has been made by La Trobe University to ensure that the information in this manual is up to date and accurate, La Trobe University does not give any guarantees, undertakings or warranties in relation to the accuracy, completeness and up to date status of the above information.

La Trobe University will not be liable for any loss or damage suffered by any person arising out of the reliance of any information in this manual.

La Trobe University accepts no responsibility or liability for the content available at any of the web sites referred to in this manual.

Trademarks

NVivo 9 is a trademark of QSR International. Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint and Windows are trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation.


4 V 3.0 latrobe.edu.au/library


Document Control Information

Version Date Updates Editor

1 September 2009 Initial documentation M. Armstrong

1 January 2010 Minor Updates M. Armstrong

2 May 2011 Updated for Library M. Armstrong

3 February 2012 Updated to NVivo 9 M. Armstrong



Table of Contents

COURSE OBJECTIVES............................................................................... 8

TOPIC 1 GETTING STARTED: OBJECTIVES ................................................. 9

Getting Started .................................................................................... 10

What is NVivo? ............................................................................. 10

Open and Close NVivo .................................................................. 10

Create a User Profile..................................................................... 11

What is an NVivo Project? ............................................................ 11

Open and Close an NVivo Project ................................................ 12

Open a project created in earlier versions .................................................. 12

Activity 1: Open a Project .......................................................................... 13

Explore an NVivo Project .............................................................. 14

The Project Screen ..................................................................................... 14

Navigate the Workspace ............................................................... 15

Activity 2: View a Source Item ................................................................... 15

Components of a Project ............................................................... 17

Activity 3: Explore a Project ....................................................................... 18

Access Help .................................................................................. 19

TOPIC 2 CREATE A PROJECT: OBJECTIVES ............................................. 20

Create an NVivo Project ...................................................................... 21

Project Event Log .......................................................................... 21

Activity 4: Create a New Project ................................................................ 21

Save Your Project ......................................................................... 22

Set up Folders ............................................................................... 23

Activity 5: Create Subfolders ...................................................................... 24

TOPIC 3 ADD SOURCE MATERIALS: OBJECTIVES ..................................... 25

Add Source Materials .......................................................................... 26

Import Source Material .................................................................. 26

Import Options ............................................................................................ 27

Activity 6: Import Files ............................................................................... 28

Create a New Document ............................................................... 29

Activity 7: Create a New Document ........................................................... 29

External Sources ........................................................................... 30

External Options ......................................................................................... 31

Activity 8: Create an External Source to Data on your Computer ............... 31

Activity 9: Create an External Source to Data not on your Computer ......... 33

Working with Audio and Video Sources ........................................ 34

Import Audio and Video Sources ................................................................ 34



Activity 10: View Examples of Audio and Video Sources ........................... 34

Activity 11: Import Audio and Video Sources ............................................. 34

Create a Transcript for Audio and Video Sources ....................................... 35

Insert a Comment ....................................................................................... 35

Activity 12: Transcribe a Video File ............................................................ 36

Prepare a Transcript for Importing .............................................................. 37

Import a Transcript ..................................................................................... 38

Activity 13: Import a Transcript .................................................................. 38

Create a Log for Pictures .............................................................. 38

Activity 14: View an Example of a Picture Log ........................................... 39

Activity 15: Create a Photo Log ................................................................. 39

Datasets ........................................................................................ 40

Activity 15: Explore a Dataset .................................................................... 40

Import a Dataset Wizard ............................................................................. 41

Modify a Dataset ........................................................................................ 43

Activity 16: Import a data source to a dataset ............................................ 43

Activity 17: Modify a dataset ...................................................................... 43

TOPIC 4 MAKE NOTES: OBJECTIVES ....................................................... 44

Make Notes ......................................................................................... 45

Memos .......................................................................................... 45

Characteristics of Memos: .......................................................................... 45

Create a New Memo .................................................................................. 45

Create and Link a Memo to a Source ......................................................... 46

Modify an Existing Memo ........................................................................... 46

Activity 18: Create and Link Memos .......................................................... 47

See Also Links .............................................................................. 48

Characteristics of See Also Links ............................................................... 48

Activity 19: Create See Also Links ............................................................. 49

Annotations ................................................................................... 50

Activity 20: Create an Annotation............................................................... 50

Hyperlinks ..................................................................................... 51

Activity 21: Create Hyperlinks .................................................................... 51

TOPIC 5 CODE YOUR DATA: OBJECTIVES ................................................ 52

Code Your Data ................................................................................... 53

Activity 22: Explore Nodes ......................................................................... 53

Create Node Sub-Folders ............................................................. 53

Activity 23: Create Node Sub-Folders ........................................................ 54

Create a New Node....................................................................... 55



Activity 24: Create New Nodes .................................................................. 55

Coding ........................................................................................... 56

Quick Coding Toolbar ................................................................................. 57

Code In Vivo ............................................................................................... 57

Uncode Selection ....................................................................................... 58

Open and Explore a Node ............................................................. 59

Display Coding .............................................................................. 60

Highlight Coding ......................................................................................... 60

Coding Stripes ............................................................................................ 61

Coding Sub-Stripes .................................................................................... 62

Activity 25: Practise Coding ....................................................................... 62

Organise Nodes ............................................................................ 63

Rename a Node ......................................................................................... 63

Move Nodes ............................................................................................... 63

Delete a Node ............................................................................................ 63

Merge Nodes .............................................................................................. 64

Aggregate Coding at a Node ...................................................................... 65

Display Aggregation Status of a Node ........................................................ 65

Activity 26: Practise Organising Nodes ...................................................... 66

Auto Coding .................................................................................. 67

Activity 27: Auto Code Interview Transcripts .............................................. 68

Activity 28: Auto Code Survey Data ........................................................... 68

Bibliography .................................................................................. 69



COURSE OBJECTIVES

At the completion of Part 1, you will be able to:

Create a new project

Manage your data sources

Add your own notes

Code your data using nodes

Save your project



TOPIC 1

GETTING STARTED:

OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this topic, you will be able to:

Open and close NVivo

Create a User Profile

Open and close an NVivo project

Navigate an NVivo project

Change the display view

Open and close Sources and Nodes

Access Help



Getting Started

What is NVivo?

NVivo is a software tool produced by QSR International for storing, organising and querying non-numerical or unstructured data. It has been designed for qualitative researchers working with very rich text-based and/or multimedia information, where deep levels of analysis on small or large volumes of data are required. The software allows users to:

classify, sort and arrange many types of non-numerical data such as field notes, videos, audio recordings, transcripts, spreadsheets, databases, etc

examine relationships between the data

manage and analyse the data to determine patterns and themes

Open and Close NVivo

Open NVivo

Click Start, All Programs, QSR, NVivo 9, NVivo 9.

OR

Double click on the NVivo icon on the desktop.

OR

Double click on NVivo 9 in the StartUp menu

The first time you launch NVivo, the Welcome to Nvivo dialogue box will prompt you to enter your user profile

(name and initials).

Close NVivo

Click on X in the box in the top right corner of the NVivo window.

OR

Click on File tab, Exit.

OR

Click on [Alt] + [F4].



Create a User Profile

When you share the computer with others, it is necessary to create your own user profile. By entering your name and initials in the Welcome to NVivo dialogue box, NVivo will be able to track the users who edit the project.

If you are the only user accessing the project, you can turn off this prompt.

What is an NVivo Project?

All the resources and coding for a particular research project are saved in one file called an NVivo Project. You can create a different NVivo Project for each new area of research you undertake. The project file has the extension .nvp after the filename.

A sample research project called ―Environmental Change Down East‖ is included when NVivo 9 is installed. This is a real project which includes interviews of residents about how they feel about an impending development. The survey data is fictitious but the interviews are real. We will be using this project to practise the functions described in these training sessions.

Turn User Profile Prompt On/Off

1. Start NVivo (see page Error! Bookmark not defined.).

2. Click File tab, Options, General.

3. Enter your Name and Initials in the User text boxes.

4. Check the Prompt for user on launch checkbox.

OR

Remove the tick from the checkbox.

5. Click OK.

6. Check the bottom left-hand corner of the Status Bar for your initials if you ticked the checkbox.



Open and Close an NVivo Project

Open a project created in earlier versions

You can open projects created in earlier versions of NVivo. When the Convert Project dialogue box appears, you can browse to select a location for the NVivo 9 version to be saved. The original project will not be overwritten and can still be opened with an earlier version of NVivo. However, the new NVivo 9 project cannot be opened in earlier versions.

Open an NVivo Project

1. Start NVivo (see 10).

2. From the Welcome screen:

Select from the list of My Recent Projects.

OR

Click File tab, Open.

OR

Click the Open Project button at the bottom of the screen.

3. Locate the file in the relevant folder.

4. Click Open.



The file Sample Project.nvp is stored on your computer when NVivo is installed. It is usually located at C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\NVivo 9 Samples. The name of the project in NVivo is not necessarily the same as the name of the saved file. In this case, the name of the sample project is

Environmental Change Down East.

Activity 1: Open a Project

Close an NVivo Project

1. Click on File tab, Close.

2. If you have made changes to the project, you will be prompted to save it.



Explore an NVivo Project

The Project Screen

1 Title Bar: Displays the project name, the program name and the Minimise, Restore

and Close buttons. It may also contain the Quick Access Toolbar at the

far left.

2 Ribbon Contains ribbons for File, Home, Create, External Data, Analyze,

Explore, Layout and View. Ribbon options are context sensitive – if

greyed out, they are not active.

3 Find Toolbar When enabled, this allows you to search for particular project items.

4 Top Navigation Pane: Lists the folder structure of the project components listed in the Bottom

Navigation Pane.

5 List View: Displays the contents of the folder selected in the Top Navigation Pane.

6 Details View: Displays the content of the items selected in List View. To close the

active item, click on the Close icon at the far right of the Details View.

7 Bottom Navigation Pane: Lists the following components of a project: Sources, Nodes,

Classifications, Collections, Queries, Reports, Models and Folders.

8 Status Bar: This shows the total number of items displayed in the List View.

1

3

2

4

5

6

7

8



Activity 2: View a Source Item

If you are working with two display monitors, you may find it useful to undock a window:

Click on View ribbon, in the Window group, uncheck the Docked checkbox.

To dock a floating window again:

Click on View ribbon, in the Window group, check the Docked checkbox.



Navigate the Workspace

1. To resize the panes: Click and drag on the blue divider lines between the panes.

2. To display more contents of a pane: Use the vertical or horizontal scroll bars.

3. To display the contents of the Bottom Navigation buttons in the Top Navigation Pane and List View: Click on an object in the Bottom Navigation Pane.

4. To switch between displaying the Details Pane at the bottom of the List View or at the right of the List View: Click on View ribbon, Workspace group, Detail View. Select from the options Right or Bottom. Resize the panes if necessary.

5. To resize the column headings: Click and drag the divider line between column headings.

6. To sort the column contents: Click on the required column heading.

7. To display a context menu: Right click on items.

8. To show fewer or more buttons on the Bottom Navigation Pane, or to change the order of the buttons: Click the down arrow at the bottom of the Navigation Pane.

Navigation Tip

Start your navigation at the bottom of the Navigation Pane, then select from the top Navigation Pane, then select from the right hand List Pane to display contents in Detail View.



Components of a Project

The following table summarises the different components of an NVivo project as listed in the Bottom Navigation Pane:

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

Sources The Sources component stores all your research materials in one

location. They can include transcripts of interviews, tabulated survey

data, audio and video recordings, photos, field notes, research journal

notes, links to digital files or web pages, ―proxy‖ documents for non-

digital material, memos, etc. There are four categories of sources:

Internal, External, Memos and Framework Matrices.

Nodes Coding is the term for copying related data from source items and

grouping them in containers called Nodes. Nodes can be created for

themes, concepts, ideas, people, places and relationships. By

organising your data in nodes, it is easier to discern patterns and

connections which can then provide the evidence for a hypothesis or

argument. There are three categories of Nodes: Nodes, Relationships

and Node Matrices.

Classifications Classifications provide information about sources (based on reference

types and field names in the reference management program EndNote),

attributes of person and place nodes and definitions of relationship

types. There are three categories of classifications: Source

Classifications, Node Classifications and Relationship Types.

Collections Collections are groups of shortcuts to project items. They include Sets,

Search Folders, Memo Links, See Also Links and Annotations.

Queries Queries can be constructed to search for data that fits certain criteria.

The questions can be saved in the Queries folder so that they may be

run on demand and the answers to the queries may be saved (if desired)

in the Results folder to preserve a snapshot of the answer at a fixed

point in time.

Reports Reports and Extracts can be created at any time to obtain an overview of

your progress and to export the summaries to other applications.

Models Models can be created to provide a dynamic visual representation of the

project items in your project. You can also create static models

containing shapes and connectors to explore the relationship of ideas,

as in a concept map.

Folders The Folders component displays all the folders of all components in the

top navigation pane.



Activity 3: Explore a Project

To close all open items at the one time:

Click View ribbon, in Workspace group, Close All to close all open items.



Access Help

Online Help is available within NVivo – Press [F1] or click on the Help button (located below the minimise, maximise, close buttons in top right corner of the NVivo window):

For help on using the ribbon, look for The NVivo workspace – Use the ribbon under the Contents tab in the Help navigation pane.

NVivo online tutorials can be accessed from the NVivo Online Help page or via Start, All Programs, QSR, NVivo 9, English, NVivo 9 Tutorials.

A Getting Started Guide is installed on your computer in PDF format when you install the NVivo program. Click on Start, All Programs, QSR, NVivo 9, English, Getting Started Guide. You can also access this guide from the NVivo Online Help page.

The QSR website (developers of NVivo) contains up-to-date and comprehensive information as well as useful tips and tricks:

http://www.qsrinternational.com/

Resources for qualitative data analysis with NVivo:

http://www.researchsupport.com.au/QDA_with_NVivo.htm

Richards, L. (2009). Handling qualitative data: A practical guide: Sage Publications Ltd.

Bazeley, P. (2007). Qualitative Data Analysis with NVivo. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

http://www.qsrinternational.com/

http://www.researchsupport.com.au/QDA_with_NVivo.htm



TOPIC 2

CREATE A PROJECT:

OBJECTIVES


Create an NVivo project

Manage a Project Event Log

Save your project

Set up folders for your Sources



Create an NVivo Project

There are two ways of creating a new NVivo Project.

Project Event Log

The Project Event Log keeps track of modifications and notes the user profile initials, date and time. If you forget to check the checkbox Log project events when creating the project, you can still turn event logging on or off at any time by checking the checkbox Log project events in the File tab, Info, Project Properties, General tab.

Activity 4: Create a New Project

1. On the Welcome screen:

Click the New Project button at the bottom of the screen.

OR

Click File menu, New.

OR

Click [Ctrl] + [N].

2. Enter a title for your project.

3. You may add some information to the Description field if you wish.

4. The project will be saved by default in your My Documents folder, but if you wish to save it elsewhere, select a new location using the Browse button.

5. Click the checkbox Log project events to keep track of modifications.

6. Click OK.

To view the Event Log, click File

tab, Info, Open Project Event Log. It is recommended that you clear the Project Event Log periodically.



Save Your Project

There is no automatic save in NVivo so you must save your work regularly. However, you will see a Reminder to save your project every 15 minutes. You can change the reminder time by clicking on File menu, Options, Notifications.

It is recommended that you periodically make a copy of your project while it is still open – particularly before you make major changes to the structure of your project. When you create a copy of the project, the project is closed while the copy is made, then the original is re-opened and the copy stored in the folder location you selected.

Save Your Project

Click File menu, Save (this option will only be visible if you have made changes to your project since last saved).

OR

Click [Ctrl] + [S].

It is important to save

your project regularly as there is NO FILE RECOVERY option.

Save a Copy of Your Project

1. Click on File menu, Manage, Copy Project.

2. Select the folder location.

3. Save the file with the same name as the original but add some distinctive text to the filename, such as the date as a six digit number (no slashes or dashes) e.g. 140212.



Set up Folders

In NVivo, ‗sources‘ are your research or project materials—anything from video recordings of research settings, to typed memos capturing your thoughts and ideas. A new NVivo project is created with the following default folders for Sources: Internals, Externals, Memos and Framework Matrices.

SOURCE FOLDERS DESCRIPTION

Internals This section is where your imported digital source material will be stored.

Examples of imported sources include primary source materials such as

field notes, tabulated demographic data, survey responses, audio

interviews, video footage, photographs, spreadsheets, databases or

whatever raw data is relevant to your project.

DOCUMENTS

For example, interview transcripts, field notes, emails, literature reviews,

Informed Consent forms, research journal, etc.

Formats accepted: MS Word documents (.doc and .docx); portable

document format (.pdf); rich text (.rtf) and text (.txt).

You can also create documents directly in NVivo, but it is better to create

a document using a word processor and then import it into your project.

VIDEO

For example, video recordings of interviews, media clips, etc.

Formats accepted: .mpg, .mpeg, .mpe, .wmv, .avi, .mov, .qt or .mp4.

AUDIO

For example, digital audio recordings of interviews, podcasts, music, etc.

Formats accepted: .mp3, .wma or .wav.

PICTURES

For example, photos of participant activity or photos taken by participants.

Formats accepted: .bmp, .gif, .jpg, .jpeg, .png, .tif or .tiff.

DATASETS (TABULATED DATA)

For example, survey responses, demographic data, spreadsheets,

databases and text files. You cannot create or edit a dataset inside NVivo.

Datasets can be displayed in table or form view.

Formats accepted: MS Excel spreadsheets .xls and .xlsx; text files .txt;

MS Access databases .mdb; and SQL server databases .mdf.



SOURCE FOLDERS DESCRIPTION

Externals This section allows you to create ‗proxy‘ documents representing material

that you cannot import into NVivo. In an external source, you can record

notes or summaries relating to the material. If the external source

represents a file on your computer (for example a MS PowerPoint

presentation), you can link to, and open the file.

Examples of External sources include newspaper articles, books, web

pages handwritten diaries, books, MS PowerPoint presentations,

artefacts, etc.

Memos You can create or import memos to record your own thoughts, reflections

and observations. If a memo is related to a particular project item you can

create a ‗memo link‘ to link the two together.

Examples of Memos include notes and observations regarding a particular

interview that can be linked to the Internal interview transcript.

Framework Matrices Framework Matrices are tables presenting theme nodes and

classifications in a table. These can only be created after you start coding

your data. These matrices enable you to compare multiple data such as a

range of attitudes expressed by several age groups.

You can create sub-folders for each of the Sources (Internals, Externals, Memos and Framework Matrices) as well as for Nodes, Classifications, Collections, Queries, Reports and Models.

Before creating a folder structure for your new project, make a list of all the types of material you will want stored in this project – for example, Focus Group transcripts, Interview transcripts, Audio recordings of interviews, questionnaires, reading journal, internet articles, etc.

To add a new folder

1. In the Bottom Navigation Pane, select Sources.

2. Select Internals from the Top Navigation Pane.

3. Right click on Internals and select New Folder.

OR

Display the Create ribbon and select the Folder icon in the Collections group.

4. Enter a name for the subfolder.

5. Enter a description if you wish.

6. Click OK.

Set up separate Interview folders if you conduct several interviews with the same people over a period of time.



TOPIC 3

ADD SOURCE MATERIALS:

OBJECTIVES


Import primary sources to the Internals folder

Create new documents directly in NVivo

Create proxy documents to represent or link to External data

Create a transcript for audio and video sources

Create a log for pictures

Import a structured data source to an NVivo dataset

Modify a dataset



Add Source Materials

Sources are the documents and multimedia that you will analyse in your research. They may include interview transcripts, questionnaire data, photos, audio recordings, video recordings and notes that you create yourself in NVivo.

There are several ways of adding source materials to your project:

Import the digital files which contain the source material – for example, Word documents (.doc or .docx), sound recording (.wav), video recording (.mpg), photo (.jpg), etc.

Create a new blank document to record your reflections and observations, e.g. a journal.

Create and link a memo to a particular source or node (i.e. coding category).

Create a ―proxy‖ document that represents a non-digital source, an unsupported file format or a very large digital source file. The ―proxy‖ document can then be coded.

Import Source Material

You can import sources of digital material (see page 23 for a description of file types suitable for importing) and save in the folders created under Internals.

1. Select the Internals folder in Sources.

2. Select the type of file to import from the External Data ribbon, Import group.

OR

Right click in the List View and select Import Internals.

Select the type of file to import

3. Click the Browse button next to the Import from text box.

4. Navigate to the folder containing the files to be imported.

5. Select the file(s) and click Open.

6. Add a description if desired and click OK. The files will be displayed in the List

View.

Imported files are displayed in the Detail View as Read Only by default. This means you cannot edit them accidentally.

To turn editing on, click on the Click to edit link in the information bar immediately above the displayed file in Detail View OR click on the Home ribbon, Item group, Edit icon to toggle edit mode on or off.



Import Options

In the Import Internals dialogue box, click on the More>> button (which will change to <<Less) to display Import Options:

There are two checkboxes available:

1. USE FIRST PARAGRAPH TO CREATE DESCRIPTION

Enables NVivo to use the first paragraph of the imported document to create a document description. This option is only available for text documents.

2. CODE SOURCES AT NODES LOCATED UNDER

Automatically codes the whole source to a specified node or classification. This is useful for organising items which are related to each other – for example, text transcript and audio recording for each participant.

Prepare Data Before Importing

1. Format Word documents with consistent paragraph styles to support the Auto Coding feature.

2. Edit audio, video or picture data before importing. Large videos may be stored outside NVivo to save file space. The default file size for embedding a media file in your project is 20 Mb but this can be adjusted if necessary: File ribbon, Options, Audio/Video tab. It may be necessary to convert a media file to a smaller file type.

3. Using a word processor to transcribe audio and video recordings gives you access to more powerful editing tools than transcribing in NVivo.

You can still add or edit a description of an imported source after it has been imported:

Right click on the source item

Select Document Properties



Activity 6: Import Files

PDFs in NVivo 9.1 and later versions, will look the same as they do in Adobe Reader. Column formats, tables and images remain unchanged. You can code text, tables and images within PDFs in the same way as word processed documents.

PDFs can be annotated, linked, searched, queried and added to charts and models.

However, a PDF consisting of a scanned image can be coded in the same way as an image file.



Create a New Document

You can create a new blank document directly in NVivo ready to enter text.

This is useful for transcribing audio and video records directly into NVivo instead of creating and importing a Word document. (You would use this method if you did not want to import the actual audio or video file, but just wanted to create a transcript. Otherwise, if you import an audio or video file, you can add the transcription to match the sound log as the file is played.)

It is also useful for creating records of your reflections, logs or keeping a daily journal of your activities. For example, you could create a folder called Research Materials which could include templates for interviews, interview guidelines, research proposal, ethics applications, etc.

Activity 7: Create a New Document

1. Select the Sources folder Internals.

2. Select a subfolder to store the new document (e.g. Research Materials).

3. Right click in List View (workspace to the right of the Navigation Pane).

4. Select New Internal, New Document.

OR

Select the Create ribbon, Document icon.

The New Document window will be displayed:

5. Enter a name for the document.

6. Enter a description also, if you wish.

7. Click OK.

The new document will now be added to the

List View and opened in Detail View ready

for you to enter text.

To add the date and time

Home ribbon, Insert group, Insert Date/Time

OR

[Shift] + [Ctrl] + [T]



External Sources

Some digital items are too large to import into NVivo, or perhaps they have restricted access (such as historical documents and diaries that cannot leave the restricted section of the library, or even be scanned). The external source type represents such an item as a sort of ―proxy document‖.

The Externals folder in Sources is also useful for noting the location of items external to your NVivo project and allows you to add you own thoughts that can then be coded in the same way as Internal source data.

To open the file linked to an External, highlight the External

name in List View, right click and select Open External File.

To add an External Source for data stored on your computer

4. Click the External tab at the top of the dialogue box and complete the relevant fields to define the item.

5. Click OK.

6. The external source is now displayed in the Detail View ready for you to add

your thoughts below each heading.

1. Select the Source Externals in the Navigation Pane.

2. Right click in the List View. Select New External.

OR

Select the Create ribbon, Sources group, External icon to display the New External dialogue box.

3. Enter a Name and Description for the External item.



External Options

The following options can be specified in the External tab of the New External Dialogue Box:

TYPE

Select from File link, Web link or Other.

FILE PATH/URL PATH

Click Browse and navigate to the location of the file on your computer or the internet if applicable.

LOCATION DESCRIPTION

Describes where the file is stored – for example, Blue Bookcase in Study.

CONTENTS

Describes the type of media – for example, audio, image, printed document, video, or you can specify (eg presentation, web page, etc).

UNIT

Describes a unit of measurement if relevant – for example, Minute, Second, Tape Count; Chapter, Page, Paragraph, Sentence.

START AND END RANGE

Defines the start and finish parameters of the item – for example, 1 to 29 (minutes long).

Activity 8: Create an External Source to Data on your Computer



To add an External source for data not on your computer

1. Select the Source Externals in the Navigation Pane.

2. Right click in the List View. Select New External.

OR

Select the Create ribbon, Sources group, External icon to display the New External dialogue box.

3. Enter a Name and Description for the External item.

4. Click the External tab at the top of the dialogue box and complete the relevant fields to define the item.

5. Click OK.

The external source is now displayed in the Detail View ready for you to add your thoughts below each heading.



Activity 9: Create an External Source to Data not on your Computer

External data not on your computer cannot be linked to, so it is very important to include a description of the material and to note its location.



Working with Audio and Video Sources

Import Audio and Video Sources

Audio and video files can be imported to a Sources folder and then transcribed in an area beside the media on the screen. Both the transcribed text and the media itself (using the timeline) can be coded or annotated. (See page 23 for accepted audio/video file formats.)

The Media ribbon displays the options available for viewing/listening to and transcribing audio/video files.

To display the Media ribbon, click on the audio/video file displayed in Detail View to activate the media options.

Note the Filter Icon in the column headings.

Activity 11: Import Audio and Video Sources

Activity 10: View Examples of Audio and Video Sources

Sources which are not embedded in NVivo will be listed in the Collections pane under Search Folders\All Sources Not Embedded.

If the file has been moved to another location, you will be asked if you want to update the file location when you try to open it. You can work disconnected but you won‘t see the video. The transcribed data will still be available.



Create a Transcript for Audio and Video Sources

Insert a Comment

You may prefer to just listen for trigger points where you can insert a comment, rather than transcribe the whole recording.

To Transcribe Audio or Video Media

1. Open the video source item.

2. Switch to Edit mode (click on the Click to edit link, or Home ribbon, Item group, Edit icon.

3. Click on the Media ribbon, Play Speed to select a transcribing speed.

4. Click on the Media ribbon, Play Mode, Transcribe.

5. On the Media ribbon, click the Play button. A row is added to the transcript and you can add text as the media is playing. Click the Pause button to allow your typing to catch up to the audio and press Stop when you have finished a segment and want to start transcribing the next segment (ie in a new row).

Play Mode, Synchronise highlights the content row which corresponds with the timeline.

To Add a Comment to a Defined Section of the Timeline

1. Click Play Mode, Transcribe.

2. Switch to Edit mode (click on the Click to edit link, or Home ribbon, Item group, Edit icon.

3. Click Play.

4. When ready, click the Start Selection option.

5. Listen and when ready, click the Finish Selection option.

6. Click Pause to halt the audio while you type a comment and then continue with Play and Stop.

OR

1. Click Play Mode, Transcribe.

2. Move the slider on the Timeline and click Start Selection.

3. Click and drag the slider to the end of the selection and click Finish Selection.

The time index will be added to the transcript section and you can enter text beside it. To remove the selection from the timeline, click once in the white area above the timeline.



You can add up to ten customised columns to your audio and/or video transcripts.

Click on the File ribbon, Options, Audio/Video tab.

Select the Audio or Video tab and click New.

Enter a name for the new column (eg Notes).

Click OK.

To Insert a Content Row

1. Deselect any existing section in the timeline and then select the row where you wish to insert a row above.

2. Right click on the video transcript table.

3. Select Insert Row. Type a comment in the Content cell.

4. To align the comment with the timeline (i.e. add a timespan to the row), Start and Finish a selection on the timeline, then click Assign Timespan to Rows.

Activity 12: Transcribe a Video File

Resize the media and transcript panes by clicking and dragging the line separating them.

To display or hide the Transcript, Video Player or Waveform select appropriate options from the Media ribbon, Display group.



Prepare a Transcript for Importing

You may prefer to import a transcript created in Word (.doc or .docx), Rich Text Format (.rtf) or Text format (.txt). However, care must be taken in how you prepare the document before importing.

There is no spellcheck function in NVivo. So if you do create a transcript directly in NVivo, it would be a good idea to export it to Word, spellcheck it and then re-import it to NVivo.

Example of transcript formatted in paragraphs with valid timestamps:

Example of transcript formatted in paragraphs without timestamps:

Example of transcript formatted as a table with valid timestamps:

Timespan Content Speaker

1 0:00.1 - 0:02.9 What are your favorite places? Henry

2 0:02.9 - 0:13.3 Down East? I'd say xxx of course. That's where I always grew up, and

that's where I live at. That...

Ken

0:00 Henry asks what is Helen's vision for the landscape Down East. She responds that she doesn't

want to sacrifice the environment to gain affordable housing.

0:30 She thinks that a balance is achievable between environmental quality and development. She

describes the natural environment Down East in terms of its natural beauty and its importance to ecosystem

services (nursery grounds).

Henry asks what is Helen's vision for the landscape Down East. She responds that she doesn't want to

sacrifice the environment to gain affordable housing.

She thinks that a balance is achievable between environmental quality and development. She describes the

natural environment Down East in terms of its natural beauty and its importance to ecosystem services

(nursery grounds).



Import a Transcript

To Import a Transcript

1. Open the audio or video source in Detail View.

2. Switch to Edit Mode.

3. Click on the External Data ribbon, Import group, Rows.

4. The Import Transcript Entries dialogue box will be displayed.

5. Locate the transcript file using the Browse button.

6. Depending on how the transcript file has been formatted (see examples above), select from the dropdown list for Create one transcript row for each.

7. Check the Data Preview.

8. If the transcript has been created as paragraphs with or without a timestamp, click OK.

OR

If the transcript has been created as a table, complete the Transcript Field Mappings section: match the contents of the Import Data Field and the Transcript

Field using the dropdown lists in the Transcript Field column. Click OK.

Activity 13: Import a Transcript



Create a Log for Pictures

Picture files can be imported to a Sources folder and opened in Detail view. You can enter descriptive text, called a “picture log”) in the area beside the displayed picture. Both the text in the picture log and the picture itself can be coded or annotated.

Activity 14: View an Example of a Picture Log

Activity 15: Create a Photo Log

To Create a Picture Log

1. Open the picture source item and select it by clicking on it once to activate the Picture ribbon.

2. To view or hide the log, click on the Log checkbox in the Picture ribbon, Display group.

3. Turn on Edit Mode.

4. Enter text in the Content area to describe the whole picture.

5. To describe the content of a selected portion (click and drag mouse over a region of the picture) of the picture:

Right click on the selection, Insert Row. The co-ordinates of the selected region of the picture are automatically inserted in a new row awaiting your input of the Content. (Click or double click on the selection again to deselect it.)

OR

Select a portion of the picture and type in the last row of the Content column.

Click on the new row number that appears to select the log row.

Click on the Picture ribbon, Selection group, Assign Region to Rows to add the region co-ordinates to the log row.

Regions of the picture will be highlighted in pink when the relevant log row is selected.



Datasets

Structured data (for example questionnaire responses) stored in spreadsheets or databases such as Excel, Access, SPSS, and Survey Monkey as well as delimited text files, can be imported to NVivo as datasets. (See page 23 for acceptable file formats.)

It is important to prepare your table data before importing:

Row 1 must contain the column headings as these will become the field names.

There should not be any empty rows in the grid.

Import one sheet from a workbook at a time.

After you import the data, you cannot edit the text but you can change the formats in each column (eg number to logical format).

Rows contain the data for individual responses.

Columns (fields) contain two Analysis Types:

Classifying – quantitative data such as demographic information (eg gender, age, likert scale data, logical responses, etc). These columns are shaded in grey. Classifying type fields can be used to assign attribute values, filter or sort the dataset.

Codable – qualitative data you want to analyse such as responses to open questions. These columns are not shaded. Codable type fields can be coded, annotated or linked in NVivo.

Note: you cannot change the Analysis Type after the data has been imported. You would have to re-import the data.

Use the side tabs to switch between Table view and Form view.

Activity 15: Explore a Dataset



Import a Dataset Wizard

To Import a Dataset

Step 1 – Start the Import Dataset Wizard

1. Click on the External Data ribbon, Import group, Dataset icon.

OR

Right click in the list area and select Import Internals, Import Dataset…

2. In the Import Dataset Wizard – Step 1 click on Browse and locate the data source (eg an Excel spreadsheet).

3. Click Next.

To Import a Dataset

Step 2 – Select the File to Import

1. In Step 2 of the Wizard, select the worksheet you wish to import (you can only import one sheet at a time).

2. Check the preview.

3. Click Next.



To Import a Dataset

Step 3 – Select the Formatting Options

1. In Step 3 of the Wizard, select the formatting options for the data to be imported.

2. Select the option First row contains field names if you want to use the column headings (first row) of your imported data as the field (column) names in your dataset.

3. Click Next.

To Import a Dataset

Step 4 – Select the Field Options

1. In Step 4 of the Wizard, select the field options for each column:

Field Name: Edit the column heading if necessary.

Import Field: Select this option if you want the column included in the dataset.

Analysis Type: Select either Codable Field or Classifying Field. (See page 40 for an explanation of each Analysis Type.) By default, text fields containing more than 255 characters are assigned the Codable Field type and shorter text fields are assigned the Classifying Field type. You can change this default by selecting the column.

Data Type: Select from Text, Boolean, Integer or Decimal.

2. Click Next.

To Import a Dataset

Step 5 – Name the Dataset

1. Enter a name for the dataset.

2. Enter a description (optional).

3. Click Finish. The dataset opens in the Detail View.

(Note: A unique ID column is added by NVivo.)

1. To display the Dataset Properties, right click on dataset name in List View OR the column heading of the dataset displayed in Detail View.

2. Use arrows and page numbers at the bottom of the dataset to navigate.



Modify a Dataset

Once a data source has been imported to a dataset, you cannot edit the data, change the Analysis Type or change the Data Type. You would have to re-import the data source.

However, you can make the following modifications to a dataset:

You can code the data in the Codable Field columns (unshaded).

You can link to Memos and create See Also Links and Annotations in Codable Field columns.

You can make some changes by accessing Dataset Properties (right click on dataset name in List View, OR right click on a column heading in a displayed dataset)

Change the name and description of a dataset

Change the name of a field (column heading)

Show or hide specific columns: Visible checkbox

Change the order of columns displayed in the dataset: Move Up/Move Down

Sort data in rows or columns: Right click on row or column header, Sort by

Filter data in fields (columns): Click on filter icon next to the column name.

Change View between Table View and Form View: Click on tabs at the side of the dataset.

Activity 16: Import a data source to a dataset

Activity 17: Modify a dataset



TOPIC 4

MAKE NOTES:

OBJECTIVES


Create or import Memos to record your thoughts and observations

Create Memo Links to project items

Create new See Also Links to other project items and existing See Also Links

Create an Annotation

Understand the differences between Memos, See Also Links and Annotations

Create Hyperlinks to files and web pages



Make Notes

You can make notes about any item in your project in several ways:

Memos are created to jot down your thoughts about a Source or a Node as you work with your data.

See Also Links can create thematic links between items.

Annotations are brief notes jotted down about specific parts of an item.

Memos

A Memo can be created from scratch or it can be created at the point of creating a Memo Link from an item. You can also import a document to the Memos folder.

Characteristics of Memos:

A Memo is usually a short document about one idea. (Create a new internal document for longer documents with varied content.)

A memo is a source that can be searched and coded.

A memo can be created from scratch like a new document or a new external.

A memo can also be created by creating a memo link from a source.

You can import a document already saved on your computer to the Memos folder.

Each source or node can have only ONE memo linked to it, where the memo is specific to that item – for example, a memo could describe the context of an interview.

Selected content of any source, including memos, can be linked to any number of items through ―See Also Link” – useful for memos that are thematic in content.

Create a New Memo

To Create a New Memo

1. Select the Memos folder under Internals in the Sources navigation pane.

2. Click on the Create ribbon, Sources group, Memo icon.

OR

Right click in the List View and select New Memo (or select Import Memos to import a Word document as a Memo).

3. Enter a meaningful Name and also a Description if you wish.

4. Click OK.



Create and Link a Memo to a Source

The Memo is automatically added to the List View and opened in the Detail View as soon as it is created, ready for you to enter text. However, you can open a Memo at any time to add more text by double clicking on it in the Memos folder.

Modify an Existing Memo

To Modify an Existing Memo

1. Click on the Memos Folder in the Sources Pane.

2. Double click on the required Memo.

OR

1. Right click on a Source Item with a linked memo icon.

2. Select Memo Link and then Open Linked Memo.

To Create a New Linked Memo While Working in a Source

1. Select the source item in List View.

2. Click on Analyze ribbon, Links group, Memo Link icon.

OR

1. Right click on the source item in List View.

2. Select the Memo Link.

THEN

3. Then select Link to New Memo.

4. The New Memo dialogue box will be displayed.

5. Enter a name and description.

6. Click OK.



Activity 18: Create and Link Memos

Memos Folder

Memo Link Icon

Insert Date/Time:

[Ctrl] + [Shift] + [t]

You can see what a source item is linked to by hovering the mouse over the small green memo link icon in List View.



See Also Links

See Also Links can be used to create multiple links that may be thematic in content.

Characteristics of See Also Links

See Also Links can connect to more than one item in a project from any selected source content including text documents, audio/video or picture logs, audio/video timelines or regions of pictures, and datasets.

Any selected source content within a project can connect to more than one See Also Link.

You can create a See Also Link FROM a selection of content in an item TO a whole project item, selected content in another project item, or selected content within the same source.

The selected content containing a See Also Link will be highlighted in pink.

See Also Links within a project item are listed in a pane at the bottom of the detail view. This pane can be displayed or hidden by clicking on View ribbon, Links group, See Also Links checkbox. (Remember to change to Edit mode first.)

To connect selected content to a project item using See Also Links

1. Open an item – e.g. document, audio, video, photo, node.

2. Select the relevant content that you want to be connected.

3. Click on the Analyze ribbon, Links group and click the dropdown arrow for See Also Link.

OR

Right click and select Links, See Also Link.

THEN

4. Select New See Also Link to display the New See Also Link dialogue box. The From box is already populated with the source details.

5. In the To section, select Existing Item from the Option dropdown list.

6. Click on the Select button and navigate to the required project item.

7. Click OK then OK at the New See Also Link dialogue.

A See Also Link has now been created in the project item and the selected content is highlighted in pink. The See Also Link pane will display information about the link at the bottom of the detail view.



To create a See Also Link between two content selections

1. Select the content to be linked To.

2. Click on Home ribbon, Clipboard group, Copy icon.

3. Select the content to be linked From (either within the same project item or within a different project item).

4. Click on Home ribbon, Clipboard group, Paste dropdown list, select Paste as See Also Link. This content will be highlighted in pink.

To open items connected through a See Also Link

1. Right click on the pink selection.

2. Select Links, See Also Links then Open to Item.

OR

1. Double click on the See Also Link in the bottom pane.

OR

1. Right click on the See Also Link in the bottom pane.

2. Select Open to Item.

OR

1. Click on Collections, See Also Links folder.

2. Right click on a See Also Link in List View.

3. Select Open From Item OR Open To Item..

Activity 19: Create See Also Links

To locate one of several See Also Links in a project item, select it from the pane at the bottom of the Detail View. The selection will be highlighted in red within the project item.



Annotations

Annotations are the equivalent of notes you would hand write in the margin about a specific content selection. Annotations are only relevant to a particular Source Item and are not linked to other items (unless you create a See Also Link to the Annotated text). Unlike Memos, Annotations cannot be coded. However, you can search both Memos and Annotations.

Click on the Collections folder in the left navigation pane and select Annotations to see all the annotations in the project. Using the right mouse button in the List View of the Annotations in the Links folder, you can delete annotations from the Links folder and you can export a list of annotations to other programs such as Word and Excel.

To annotate text

1. Select the section of text.

2. Click on the Analyze ribbon, Annotations, New Annotation

OR

Right click and select Links, Annotation, New Annotation.

3. Enter the text of the Annotation in the Annotations Pane at the bottom of the Detail View – similar to entering text in a footnote.

The annotated text will be highlighted in blue.

4. The Annotations pane can be shown or hidden (similar to show/hide the See Also Links pane):

Click in the View ribbon, Links drop down list then click on Annotations checkbox

1. To edit an Annotation, click in the Annotation text in the Annotation pane and edit.

2. To delete an Annotation, right click on the Annotation highlighted in the Project Item (e.g. Anna‘s interview) and click on Links – Annotation – Delete Annotation.

Activity 20: Create an Annotation



Hyperlinks

You can link selected content from documents, externals and memos – to web pages or files not embedded in your NVivo project. You can open a hyperlink in an imported PDF but you cannot edit or delete the hyperlink.

To create a Hyperlink

1. Open a source item – e.g. transcript document, memo, external.

2. Switch to Edit mode (Home ribbon, Clipboard group, Edit icon OR Click to Edit link at the top of the Details pane).

3. Select the content to be linked.

4. Click on the Analyze ribbon, Links group, Hyperlink dropdown list.

5. Select New Hyperlink to display the New Hyperlink dialogue box.

6. Click on Browse to locate an existing file on your computer OR enter the URL of the required web page.

7. Click OK. The hyperlink will be underlined and a blue font.

8. Click [Ctrl] and left mouse click to navigate to the linked file or web page.

If the linked file or web page is deleted, moved or renamed, the hyperlink will be broken.

Activity 21: Create Hyperlinks



TOPIC 5

CODE YOUR DATA:

OBJECTIVES


Create Node Sub-Folders and new Nodes

Apply simple coding to a document

Open and explore a Node

View coding in a Source Document using Highlight and Coding Stripes

Organise Nodes

Aggregate coding at a node

Auto Code Text



Code Your Data

Nodes are containers for themes or categories in your data. Nodes can be created to organise

data by concepts, people, abstract ideas, places, relationships, or any other category relevant to

your project. A node can contain any amount of data from a single character to an entire

document. The contents of a node are dynamically linked to its source – i.e. changes in the

source content are automatically updated in the node (but not vice-versa).

Coding is the process of storing ―evidence‖ of particular concepts or attributes in nodes. You select a

portion of the content, or the entire content, and link it to the relevant node, or to several nodes.

Nodes can be organised into sub-folders and the amount of coding for each node and child

node can be monitored in the Nodes List View.

There is no right or wrong way to code a document. Some people prefer to begin with broad

categories and then refine to more detailed categories as they go. Others may prefer to begin

with a collection of specific nodes, then start grouping and merging them together into a

hierarchical structure. Some preliminary planning could save you a lot of rearranging later on.

If you are using Grounded Theory, you may want to create all your nodes as you go and only organise them into folders as patterns of concepts and themes emerge.

You can code content to more than one node. However, be careful that you don‘t code your

data to too many nodes – this would actually defeat the purpose of your differentiating between

concepts and themes.

If you change your mind about the name of a node, or find you have created nodes with

overlapping content, you can rename, delete, move or merge nodes at any time.

NVivo provides tools such as Highlighting and Coding Stripes to locate and analyse the

distribution of coding within a project item.

In addition, you can code the data collected in a node to other nodes without having to go back

to the original source. This is called ―on-coding‖.

In approaching a coding task, it is helpful to ask yourself these questions:

What is interesting about this passage of text?

Why is it interesting?

Why am I interested in this piece of text? (Bazeley, 2007).

There is no need to stress about overlooking a useful piece of text to code. If the concept is

significant, it will come up again. (See the bibliography at the end of this manual for further

reading on coding.)

Activity 22: Explore Nodes



Create Node Sub-Folders

You may wish to create sub-folders for different types of nodes before you start coding, but you can always re-arrange nodes containing coding into sub-folders at a later date.

To create Node Sub-Folders

1. Select Nodes from the bottom left navigation pane.

2. Select the Nodes folder from the list in the top left navigation pane.

3. Click Create ribbon, Collections group, Folder icon.

OR

2. Right click on the Nodes folder in the list in the top left navigation pane.

3. Select New Subfolder.

The New Folder dialogue box will be displayed:

4. Enter a Name for the sub-folder (e.g. People, Places, Themes).

5. Enter a Description (recommended)

6. Click OK.

Activity 23: Create Node Sub-Folders

There are two other folders displayed in top left navigation pane. These will be covered in NVivo 9 – Part 2:

Relationships represent statements about how project items are related to each other.

Matrices allow you to represent the equivalent of multiple queries in one table format to compare the results across different groups.



Create a New Node

You can choose to create new nodes first and then code selected data to the relevant node.

To create a new node

1. Click on the Create ribbon, Nodes group, Node icon.

OR

Select the Nodes folder (or sub-folder) and right click in List View.

Select New Node.

The New Node dialogue box will be displayed:

2. Enter a Name for the node. If the node name is very long, you can create a Nickname which will be shorter and easier to use in queries.

3. Enter a Description – this is recommended to help you remember why you created this node when coding at a later date. It is also useful if you are sharing the coding task with colleagues.

4. If required, select the checkbox Aggregate to include child nodes (see page Error! Bookmark not defined.).

5. If required, select a Color to colour code this node (see also page 66).

6. Click OK. The node will be added to the List View.

Activity 24: Create New Nodes



Coding

There are several ways to code selected content to nodes.

Different Ways to Code a Project Item

Right Mouse

1. Select the content in the source item.

2. Right click the selected content.

3. Select Code Selection:

Select Code Selection At Existing Nodes.

Tick the checkboxes for the relevant nodes.

Click OK.

OR

Select Code Selection At New Node:

Enter a name (and description if desired).

Click OK.

OR

Select Code Selection At Current Nodes (ie last nodes used).

Drag and Drop

1. Select the text in the source item.

2. Drag the selected text over the relevant node in List View.

Ribbon

1. Click on the Analyze ribbon, Coding group, Code Selection At.

2. Select New Node and then code selected content to it.

OR

Select Existing Node and tick the checkboxes for the relevant nodes.

Be careful! If you tick a checkbox for the Nodes folder or sub-folders, the selected content will be coded to all nodes in the folder/s.

Change the View to show the text on the right and drag and drop to the list of nodes on the left:

View ribbon, Detail View, Right.



Quick Coding Toolbar

The Quick Coding Toolbar offers an alternative method of coding to a nominated node. You can quickly code to a new node, select an existing node or select a recently used node.

Code In Vivo

This option names the new node the same as the text selected (up to 256 characters).

To code In Vivo

1. Select the text.

2. Click on the Analyze ribbon, Coding group, Code In Vivo.

OR

Right click selection.

Select Code In Vivo.

A new node with the same name as the selected text will be added to the root Nodes folder and will contain this first bit of coding. More content can be added to this node later and you can move it to a node sub-folder.

To code data using the Quick Coding Toolbar

1. Select the content.

2. The Quick Coding Toolbar is located by default at the bottom of the Detail View:

3. In the first drop down box select from Nodes, Relationships or Nicknames.

4. Click on the ellipsis (three dots) to select the node.

OR

In the Coded At box, enter the first few letters of an existing node and select from the suggested nodes listed.

OR

Enter the name of a new node

OR

Select from the icons for Code at current nodes, Uncode at current nodes, or Code In Vivo.

.

You can Hide the Quick Coding Toolbar or switch between Docked or Floating:

View ribbon, Workspace group, Quick Coding dropdown list.



Uncode Selection

Sometimes you may need to uncode data from a node – you may decide, upon reflection, that the coding was inappropriate, OR, you may have inadvertently coded the data to the wrong node.

Where the data has been coded to more than one node, you can uncode data from one node without uncoding the data from the other nodes.

To Locate a Selection to be Uncoded

1. Click View ribbon, Coding group, Highlight dropdown list.

2. Select Coding for Selected Items or All Nodes

OR

Use the Coding Stripes (see page 40 ).

To Uncode a Selection in a Source or Node

1. Select the content to be uncoded in the opened Source or Node in Detail View.

2. Click on Analyze ribbon, Uncoding group, Unclode Selection At, Existing Nodes.

OR

1. Right click coded selection of text in the opened Source or Node.

2. Select Uncode Selection.

3. Uncode Selection At Existing Nodes.



Open and Explore a Node

The tabs at the right of the Detail View give you the following options:

Summary: Lists all the sources coded at the node, including the numbers of references to the node from each source and the percentage of the source coded at the node.

Other tabs: Text, PDF, Picture, Audio, Video, Dataset

Show thumbnails of each source coded to the node. Select a thumbnail to display its contents.

To Open a Node

In List View, double click on the node to be opened. The Node will be opened in Detail View with the Reference tab selected on the right.

This view includes blue hyperlinks to the original source file of the coding and the number of references to the node from each source and the percentage of the source coded at the node.

To Open the Source of a Node

1. Click on the blue hyperlink for the coded content.

OR

Click on the Home ribbon, Item group, Open dropdown list.

2. Select Open Referenced Source. The coded section will be highlighted in the opened source.



Display Coding

Highlight Coding

When you turn on the Highlight Coding, you can quickly see the selections of content that have been coded in a source or a node as they will be shaded in yellow.

To Highlight Coding

1. Open a source or node in Detail View.

2. Click on the View ribbon, Coding group, Highlight dropdown list.

3. Select from the following options:

None

Coding for All Nodes

Coding for Selected Items. The Select Project Items dialogue box will be displayed:

4. Select the folder or sub-folder in the left navigation pane (do not click on the checkbox).

5. You can see which nodes currently contain coding from the open source or node as they are bolded. Select the checkbox next to one of the bolded nodes.

6. Click OK. The coding for the required node will be highlighted in yellow in the open source or node.

Turn on Coding Stripes and single click on a Coding Stripe to see the coded content highlighted in yellow in the open source.



Coding Stripes

Changing the Detail View from the bottom to the right of the List View makes it easy to drag and drop selected text onto nodes, but you can‘t check that the coding has actually happened.

When the detail pane is at the bottom, you can see the number of sources and references in the List View change as you drag and drop new selections of content.

Coding Stripes allows you to check the coding as you go, whether Detail View is at the right or the bottom of the List View. The pane to the right of the open source item displays different coloured bars to differentiate the nodes that code content and where applicable, different users. These bars line up with content and the same colour is used for the same node in the Coding Stripe Pane.

To display Coding Stripes

1. Click in View ribbon, Coding group, Coding Stripes.

2. Select Most Recently Coded (stripe of most recently coded text is pink).

OR

Select from:

Nodes Most Coding

Nodes Least Coding

Coding Density Only

Selected Items

Coding Density Bar

This bar is always to the left of the Coding Stripes pane and the various shades of grey indicate which sections of the content have the most coding.



Coding Sub-Stripes

The default number of stripes displayed in the Coding Stripes pane is seven. You can increase the number of stripes displayed up to 200.

Activity 25: Practise Coding

Click on a stripe to highlight the coded content.

Double click on a stripe to open the node.

Right click on a stripe to uncode a selection or hide a stripe.

Right click a stripe to show sub-stripes (multiple users)

To increase number of Coding Stripes

1. Click on the View ribbon, Coding group, Coding Stripes dropdown list.

2. Select Number of Stripes.

3. The Number of Stripes dialogue box will be displayed.

4. Select the number of stripes.

5. Click OK.

OR

Right click the Coding Density bar, Show Stripe to display a list of nodes coding a specific selection.



Organise Nodes

Rename a Node

Move Nodes

Delete a Node

To Rename a Node

1. In List View, select the Node to be renamed.

2. Right click and select Node Properties.

OR

Click on the Home ribbon, Item group, Properties icon.

3. Enter a new Name and, if necessary, edit the Description.

4. Click OK.

To Move a Node

1. In List View, select to Node to be moved.

2. Right click and select Cut (or Copy).

OR

Click on the Home ribbon, Clipboard group, Cut (or Copy)

3. Select the destination for the moved node – i.e. Nodes root folder, or node sub-folder.

4. Right click and select Paste.

OR

Click on the Home ribbon, Clipboard group, Paste.

OR

Click and drag and drop the node over the target node.

Delete a Node

1. In List View, right click on a Node.

2. Press [Delete]. (Note – All coding will be lost for this node. Consider renaming or merging nodes instead.)



Merge Nodes

After you have been coding your data for a while, you may notice that you have created two similar nodes and need to merge the contents of both into one of the nodes.

To Merge one Node into another Node

1. In List View, select the Node to be merged into another Node. (The name of the merged node will be the name of the Destination Mode.)

2. Right click and select Cut.

OR

Click on the Home ribbon, Clipboard group, Cut.

3. Select the destination for the merged node – i.e. Nodes root folder, or node sub-folder.

4. Right click and select Merge into Selected Node OR Merge Into New Child Node

OR

Click on the Home ribbon, Clipboard group, Merge, Merge Into Selected Mode OR Merge Into New Child Node

The Merge into Node dialogue box will be displayed:

5. Select the checkboxes for the options you wish to be included in the merge.

6. Click OK.

If you wish to retain the original node as well as merge its contents with another node, select

Copy instead of Cut.

Sort Nodes:

Click on the column header in List View.

OR

Click on the Layout ribbon, Sort and Filter group, Sort By.



Aggregate Coding at a Node

When nodes are organised into sub-folders, the sub-folder is the Child Node. The node folder containing sub-folders is the Parent Node.

The coding of Child Nodes is not included in the Parent Node by default.

To include the coding of Child Nodes in the Parent Node, the properties of the Parent Node need to be edited to allow Aggregation (or Aggregation can be selected when a node is created – see page 55).

Display Aggregation Status of a Node

The List View for Nodes can be customised to include a column to indicate whether or not a parent node is aggregated. The Aggregate icon in this column can be toggled on or off.

Aggregate Coding at a Node

1. In Nodes List View, select the Parent Node to be aggregated.

2. Double click on the Home ribbon, Item group, Properties icon to display the Node Properties dialogue box.

Select the Aggregate check box and click OK.

OR

2. Single click on the Home ribbon, Item group, Properties icon dropdown list and select (or deselect) Aggregate.

Customise List View to Show Aggregation Status

1. In List View, select any node.

2. Click on the View ribbon, List View group, List View dropdown list.

3. Select Customize to display the Customize Current View dialogue box:

4. Select Aggregate from the list of Available Columns in the left-hand pane and click the >> arrow to add it to the Selected columns in the right -hand pane.

5. Click OK.



Activity 26: Practise Organising Nodes

Resize column headings of child nodes:

Expand or Collapse the Parent Nodes by clicking the Plus or Minus signs next to the node name OR click on View ribbon, List View dropdown list, select Expand or Collapse All Nodes (or selected nodes).

Move a Child Node to the Nodes root folder level by dragging it onto the Nodes folder in the left navigation pane.

Rearrange the hierarchy by dragging and dropping nodes onto other nodes.

Colour Code of Nodes by editing the Node Properties (Home ribbon, Item group, Properties icon OR right click on Node in List View, select Properties) OR right click on a Node in List View and select Color.

Sort nodes by clicking on the grey column headers.

Parent Level Node

Child Level Nodes

Node Sub-Folders

Nodes Root Level



Auto Coding

If your Source documents are formatted using Heading styles, NVivo can code the data automatically to nodes created to match the Headings.

For example, the responses of participants to interview questions may be structured with similar headings. By making the text of the headings into nodes, all the interview responses can be organised automatically.

The documents in the Interviews folder are structured with each question in a heading paragraph style and the answers in normal paragraph style beneath them.

These documents were auto coded by heading level to create the tree node Topics - Interviews and its children, Q.1. Current use of time, Q.2. Time use ten years on, Q.3. Volunteer work means~, etc . Note: The question mark at the end 'Q.3. Volunteer work means?' has been replaced with a tilde (~), because node names cannot contain question marks.

Each of these child nodes contains all of the answers in each of the documents in the "Interviews" folder given under these topic headings.



AutoCode Text

1. In Navigation View, click the folder containing the sources you want to Auto Code. Use the Shift or Ctrl keys to select multiple sources.

2. Right click the selection and choose Code – Auto Code to display the Auto Code dialogue box.

3. Select from Paragraph Style or Paragraph to code by.

4. If selecting Paragraph Style, select the required Heading level and click the double arrow to add it to the right hand box.

5. Select from Existing Node or New Node.

6. Click OK.

Auto code by paragraph style heading level when the headings in your sources reliably indicate the content to be coded and cases to be created or coded to.

Auto code by paragraph when the selected sources have exactly the same paragraph structure. For example, the content in the second paragraph of each of the sources is the answer to the same survey question.

Activity 27: Auto Code Interview Transcripts

Activity 28: Auto Code Survey Data



Bibliography

Bazeley, P. (2007). Qualitative Data Analysis with NVivo. London: Sage.

Bernard, H.R. & Ryan, G.W. (2009). Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Edhlund, B.M. (2007) NVivo essentials : the ultimate help when you work with qualitative analysis . Stallarholmen, Sweden : Form & Kunskap.

Gibbs, G. R. (2007). Analyzing Qualitative Data. The Sage Qualitative Research Kit. London: Sage.

Gibbs, G.R. (2002). Qualitative Data Analysis: Explorations with NVivo (Understanding Social Research). Buckingham, U.K.: Open University Press.

Grbich, C. (2007). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Introduction. London: Sage.

Richards, L. (2005) Handling Qualitative Data: A Practical Guide. London: Sage.

Richards, L. (2007) Teach Yourself NVivo 8. http://www.qsrinternational.com/support_resource-articles_detail.aspx?view=402

Saldana, J. (2009). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. London: Sage.

http://library.latrobe.edu.au/search~S5?/Xnvivo+8&searchscope=5&SORT=D/Xnvivo+8&searchscope=5&SORT=D&extended=0&SUBKEY=nvivo%208/1%2C5%2C5%2CB/frameset&FF=Xnvivo+8&searchscope=5&SORT=D&3%2C3%2C

http://library.latrobe.edu.au/search~S5?/Xnvivo+8&searchscope=5&SORT=D/Xnvivo+8&searchscope=5&SORT=D&extended=0&SUBKEY=nvivo%208/1%2C5%2C5%2CB/frameset&FF=Xnvivo+8&searchscope=5&SORT=D&3%2C3%2C

http://www.qsrinternational.com/support_resource-articles_detail.aspx?view=402

http://www.qsrinternational.com/support_resource-articles_detail.aspx?view=402

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