Resent Activities of CCTResent Activities of CCT 23th April, 2013 at Edinburgh University
Dr. Yasuhiro Yamauchi
Environment Department
Contents
1. About NEDO
2.1 Importance of Clean Coal Technology2.2 NEDO’s CCT Development Strategyp gy
3. Improvement of Coal-fired Power Generation Efficiency
4. Dissemination of High-efficiency CCT
5. Feasibility Study on CCS in Japan
– NEDO, an incorporated administrative agency under METI, promotes R&D as well as the dissemination of industrial, energy and environmental technologies.
Japanese Government, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
Coordination withpolicymaking authorities
Budget
NEDO Budget: Approx. USD$ 1.3 billion Number of personnel: Approx. 900
I d tA d iPublic research
Finance
IndustryAcademia laboratories
Global primary energy demand by Global power generation by p y gy ysource
p g ysource
18000
20000
9000
10000
Mto
e
Mto
e
12000
14000
16000 Other renewables
Bio energy
Hydro6000
7000
8000
6000
8000
10000Hydro
Nuclear
Gas 3000
4000
5000
0
2000
4000 Oil
Coal
0
1000
2000
27% 25% 46% 38%
Source: World Energy Outlook 2002, 2004, 2007–2012
1.2
10%
1.1 trillion kWhApprox 1 trillion kWh
‘Setsuden’ refers to Japan’s energy conservation movement
110%
35%
Renewable energyOil
Approx. 1 trillion kWh
0 6
0.8
63%
35%
Fossil fuels
LNG
Oil
0.4
0.6
65%
Coal
LNG
0.2
65%
Nuclear
Coal
0
2010 2030
Coal
Source: Options for Energy and the Environment (outline) (The Energy and Environment Council Decision on June 29, 2012) July 2012 National Policy Unit
• New Energy Policy will be established based on the coalition government formed between the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) andgovernment formed between the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Komeito Party.
• The Japanese government will take all possible measures to stabilize energy supply and demand to meet the needs of its citizens and prevent any interruptions in economic activities. In this respect, it will establish a “Responsible Energy Policy.”
• Japan’s “Zero-nuclear Energy Policy”—aimed at halting the operations of all nuclear power plants by the 2030s and established by the previous administration—needs to be reviewed The LDP’s manifestoprevious administration—needs to be reviewed. The LDP s manifesto during the House of Representatives election in December 2012 states that it will establish a sustainable long-term best energy mix within ten yearsyears.
• Japan will establish a responsible energy policy in accordance with these principles.
Source: Japan’s Coal Policy, March 26,2013, Coal Division, Natural Resources and Fuel Department, ANRE,METI
1.Technology for Sustainable Use of Coal
State-of-the-art gasification technology accelerates the establishment of coal-based low carbon societies “Smart Coal”
Hydrogen energy
H2 (chemical materials fuel cell hydrogen
FertilizerIGFCHydrogen energy
supply chain
Electricity
EAGLE project H2 (chemical materials, fuel cell, hydrogen fuel)
G f lHydrogen production
Synthetic gasReduction FT synthesis, etc.Clean fuel
Gas fuel-Substitute natural
gas (SNG)
Steel
CO+H₂
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Reduced iron
Gasification
Clean fuel-DME,
-Gasoline,-Diesel oil, etc.
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Upgrading,drying
n
CCS – (EOR)CO2
Coal Brown coal, low rank coalBiomass OilOxyfuel Workshop on Dec. 4th, 2012 at NETL Pittsburgh
NEDO h l d h i th d l t f IGCC d IGFC hi hNEDO has placed an emphasis on the development of IGCC and IGFC which utilize gasification as a core technology in order to improve power generation efficiency,
・ Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)・ Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC)・ Advanced Ultra-super Critical Steam Condition (A-USC)
Coal Energy Application for Gas, Liquid & Electricity(EAGLE)
G ifi
Photograph of EAGLE Pilot Plant (150 tons/day)Photograph of EAGLE Pilot Plant (150 tons/day)
Gasifier(1 0 /d )
Air separation facilities
Gas purifier (150 tons/day)
facilitiesIncinerator
Sulfur recoveryfacilitiesCO2 separation facilities
(Chemical Absorption
ＮＮ
Gas turbine house (8 MW)
(Chemical Absorption technology)
■Stage 1 (2002 - 2006) Oxygen-blown entrained-flow gasifier was developed.■Stage 1 (2002 2006) Oxygen blown entrained flow gasifier was developed.Gas cleanup technology was established.
■Stage 2 (2007 - 2009) CO2 capture technology (chemical absorption) was developed. Coal type diversification (high ash fusion temperature coal) was carried out. Trace elements behavior was investigated.
■Stage 3 (2010 - 2013) Development of CO2 capture technology (physical absorption)Survey of innovative CO2 capture technology
EAGLE Stage 3: Survey of innovation CO2 capture technology
- Development of CO2 capture technology (physical absorption) -
A survey on innovative CO2 capture technology is being carried out in order to develop optimal CCS technology to be used in combination with higher pressure systems in next generation IGCC The EAGLE pilot plant is being utilized to conduct an oxygen blowngeneration IGCC. The EAGLE pilot plant is being utilized to conduct an oxygen-blown entrained-flow gasifier, CCS test using mainly physical absorption technology.
GasifierCO₂
absorberShift
Reactor→①→
(Desulfurizer)
→②→
(Desulfurizer)
→Gasturbine
CO2 separation facilities (physical absorption,
newly installed)
CO2 separation facilities (chemical absorption)
CO Shift R t
CO₂Ab b
( ) ( )
Reactor Absorber
Sour shift(location of
Desulfurizer: ②)
Physical absorption
Stage 3Currently
testingDesulfurizer: ②)
Sweet shift(location of
Desulfurizer: ①)
Chemical absorption
testing
Stage 2Reference test
Desulfurizer: ①)
EAGLE Stage 3: Survey of innovation CO2 capture technology
- Results of EAGLE Pilot Plant -
Gasifier Syngas Cooler
Fine DesulfurizerCoal Gasification
Cold Gas Cleanup
Coal
y g
Char Filter
MDEAStripper Limestone
Scrubber
N2 N2
CharSlag
Waste Heat
WaterScrubber
MDEAAbsorber
GGHGypsum
WaterScrubber
PhysicalCO2 Capture
Ch i l
SourShift
Sweet
(Under Construction)
O2
GComp GT
HRSG
Air
Air FeedCompressor
RectifyingC l
Air
Incinerator
Recovery BoilerChemicalCO2 Capture
SweetShift
G
(not installed)
ST
Compressor Column
Gas TurbineAir Separation UnitStack
Ref: H. Suzuki, The Clearwater Clean Coal Conference, Florida U.A., 2012 06 05
EAGLE Stage 3: Survey of innovation CO2 capture technology
- Results of Chemical absorption Development -
Steam
Coal
N2
COH2
Sweet Shift Reactors
CO2 Capture (Steam Regen.)
H2 Rich Gas CO2
N2
O2 CO2
H2
Absorber Stripper
Reboiler
CO + H2O ⇒ CO2 + H2 + 41kJ/mol
3
CO2 Capture (Heated Flash Regen.)
H2 Rich Gas CO2
Syngas Feed Rate： 1,000 Nm3/h
CO2 Recovery Rate： 24 t/d
Flash DrumAbsorber
Basic data on solvent regeneration energy of the heated flash mode-under condition of more then 80%Case#
1Steam
Regeneration
2Steam
Regeneration
3Heated FlashRegeneration
4Heated Flash mode(Actual) under condition of more then 80%
CO2 recovery rate, 1.0～1.3GJ/t-CO2 were obtained as the parametric testing results.
They indicated that energy
Regeneration(Base Case)
Regeneration(Improved)
Regeneration mode(Actual)
Solvent Circulation Ratio (L/G) 6.8kg/kg 6.7kg/kg 12.5kg/kg
Reboiler Steam Ratio (G/L) 140kg/m3 90kg/m3 －
Flash Drum Temperature － － 75℃ 67℃
consumption is improved by 10-30% when compared with last year’s results.
Heat Required for Regeneration
2.99GJ/t-CO2 1.93GJ/t-CO2 1.39GJ/t-CO2 1.0-1.3GJ/t-CO2
CO2 Recovery Ratio 91.8% 91.4% 85.3% >80%28% cut 23% cut
EAGLE Stage 3: Survey of innovation CO2 capture technology
- Results of F.S. of Actual Chemical absorption System -
Dry Low-NOx Gas Turbine Combustor for IGCC (Demonstrated at EAGLE)
Shift CO2 Capture Technology
CO2 Capture TechnologyIGCC Gas clean-up facilities
on CO
SteamAi
CoalAir
reactorTechnology
CO2, H2
Gas
ific
atio
Syngas (CO, H2)CO2
SteamAir
separation unit
Oxygen Gas AirGasifier
G
Combustor
H2 rich gas
Oxygen
Steamturbine
turbine Generator
Stack
Fuel Cell
Ｈ２
Compressor
HRSG (heat recovery steam generator)
Fuel cell
To CO₂ transportation・Construction period: 2012–2016
Osaki CoolGen ProjectLocation: Osaki, Hiroshima; Capacity: 167 MW
and storage processes(out of scope for OsakiProject)
・First stage: IGCC verification tests will start from March 2017・Second stage: Demonstration of CO₂ capture technology・Third stage: Demonstration of IGFC with CO₂ capture technology
Oosaki Cool Gen (OCG) Project
gRendering of OCG facilities
Coal Gasification
Now constriction is started
Nakoso IGCC Demonstration Plant Becomes First IGCC Commercial Plant in Japan (Nakoso Unit 10)
• To acquire data for designing a demonstration plant, a 200 t/d IGCC pilot plant was put into operation from 1986–1996 under the management of NEDO.
• After the pilot plant project, the demonstration plant, which can produce 250 MW of electricity, was constructed in Nakoso of Fukushima prefecture and operations started in 2007. p p
• Two thousand hours of continuous operations were achieved during the first year of the project in 2008, and cumulative operations of 19,600 hours were attained as of March, 2013.
• After all test objectives were achieved, the demonstration plant became the first IGCC commercial plant in Japan, Nakoso Unit 10th on April 1, 2013. p p
Updating Nakoso 250MW IGCC Demonstration Project
Target and Achievement
Targets Results Status of Achievement
Future plan
S f d 250MW 250MW A hi dSafe and Stable Operation
250MW 250MW Achieved －
Long Term continuousOperation
>2000hr 2238hr Achieved －
Net Thermal Efficiency >42% (LHV basis) 42.9% Achieved －
Carbon Conversion Rate >99.9% >99.9% Achieved －
Environmental Performance
SOx <8ppmNOx <5ppm
1.0ppm3.4ppm
Achieved －
Dust <4mg/m3N <0.1mg/m3N
Coals Bituminous (B)Sub-bituminous (SB)
Chinese (B)Russian (B)USA (2SB) Indonesian (B,2SB)
Achieved Increase in coalTypes
Indonesian (B,2SB)Colombian (B)Canadian (B)
Start-up Time <18hr 15hr Achieved －
Minimum Load 50% 36% Achieved －
Load Change Rate 3%/min 3%/min Achieved －
Durability &Reliability &
Maintainability
Evaluate during5000hr test
5013hr in one year,No serious damage
Same as conventional PCF
Maintenanceinterval Evaluation,Higher availabilityy
Economy estimation Less than or equalto PCF power generation cost
Construction cost and operation cost was estimated.
Could becompatiblewith PCF
Maintenance costEvaluation etc.
As Japan has achieved the world’s highest efficiency levels for coal-fired thermal power generation technology, project feasibility studies are currently being conducted on high-efficiency CCT, such as USC and IGCC in order to disseminate CCT technologies worldwide and reduce global CO2 emissions.
41
43
[%]
G
Japan Feasibility studies are currently being carried out on the following
35
37
39
cy (G
ross
, LHV
)
ChinaAustralia
Germany
USA
carried out on the following technologies:
・ USC, USC + CCS
・ IGCC, IGCC + CCS
27
29
31
33
Ther
mal
Effic
ienc
India
,
・ Coal gasification (SNG, H2, clean synthetic fuel, etc.)
・ Upgrading or drying of low rank coal
25
27
'90
'91
'92
'93
'94
'95
'96
'97
'98
'99
2000 '01
'02
'03
'04
'05
'06
'07
T
Japan Germany U.S.A. Australia China India
Year
・ Operational know-how (combustion simulation, etc.)
International comparison of fossil fuel power generation efficiency (ECOFYS) (2010)
Resultsesu ts
・Project formation
・Potential for CO2
reductions
AdoptionApplication FS implementation Next step is implemented by private sector through
Screening
Report FS results to
JBIC loans, etc
Explanation of project to
Technology investigation
Screeningby
outside experts and
NEDO
counterpart country
Collection of information for
follow-up
counterpart country
commission(advice for
project development)
Project management・meeting・monthly process Provide information
f F ibilitfor Feasibility Studies on
Bilateral Offset Credit Mechanism
Evaluation
▲ 2011 project formation research
▲ 2012 project formation research
★ 2011: Advanced operation know-how using coal-fired boiler simulation in China★ 2011: IGCC project in Lang Fang, China★ 2012: Advanced operation know-how using low rank coal-fired boiler simulation in China 2012 project formation research
★ 2011: Clean synthetic fuel using coal project in Mongolia
★2011 2012: High efficiency coal power★2011-2012: High-efficiency coal power plant (USC) in Poland
★ 2012: High-efficiency coal power plant (USC) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
★ 2012: HECA IGCC project (additional FS) in the U.S.
▲▲▲
▲
★ 2011: High-efficiency coal power plant
▲▲
▲
▲
▲▲▲▲
★ g y p p(USC) and CCS in Bulgaria
▲▲
▲
★ 2012: Upgraded brown coal (UBC) and high-efficiency coal power plant (USC) in India
★ 2012: CCS and turbine renewable project
★ 2011: IGCC project in Indonesia★ 2011: Substitute coking coal project using low rank coal in Indonesia★ 2012 L k l / t t b d i t
★ 2011-2012: Hydrogen energy supply chain using Victorian brown coal in Australia
▲ ▲★ 2012: Co-firing domestic anthracite and imported coal at a high-efficiency coal power plant in Vietnam
★ 2012: CCS and turbine renewable projectin Taiwan
★ 2012: Low rank coal power/steam tube drying system★ 2012: Circulation fluidized bed power plant in Indonesia
brown coal in Australia★ 2012: Oxy-fuel combustion power plant (USC) in Australia
1. Scope of Work
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is currently carrying out front-end engineering design activities (FEED) as part of the Hydrogen Energy California project (HECA). Additional research to support the HECA project is being conducted in order to improve the economic feasibility of the project by raising the blending ratio ofimprove the economic feasibility of the project by raising the blending ratio of pet coke through a gasification test. The potential for GHG emissions reductions is also being evaluated through this research.
J 2012 M h 20132. Duration
3. Entrusted Company
June 2012–March 2013
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Coal
Gasifier SGC
Steam
CO₂
Gasifier
Pulverizer
Hoppe Char
Syngas
Electricity
AGR
GTCCPower plant
Hopper
Slag hopper
Char
ChemicalsChemical process
Acid gas
Removal
22
FS results on 500 MW class USC + CCS plant
Coolingtowertower
CO2 captureand compressor
USC plantESP
FGD
The results of the FS showed that one high-efficiency USC unit of 500 MW class would be more effective as efficiency would increase by 6% (32%→38%) and y y % ( % %)construction costs would be the same compared to construction costs for two subcritical 225 MW units.
• NEDO’s CCT Development Strategy is as follows:
① Improvement of Coal-fired Power Generation Efficiency
② Feasibility Study on CCS in Japany y
③ Dissemination of High-efficiency CCT
・ We are currently conducting the project feasibility on high-efficiency CCT, such as USC and IGCC in order to disseminate CCT technologies worldwide and reduce global CO2 emissions.g g
