Tishk International UniversityEngineering FacultyPetroleum and Mining Engineering Department
Reservoir Management
Fourth Grade- Fall Semester 2020-2021
TOPIC: Data Acquisition, Analysis and Management
Instructor: Sheida Mostafa Sheikheh
Content:
■ Data Acquisition, Analysis and Management
■ Data Types
■ Data Acquisition and Analysis
■ Data Validation
■ Data Storing and Retrieval
■ Data Application
Data Acquisition, Analysis and Management
■ Throughout the life of a reservoir, from exploration to abandonment, an enormous
amount of data are collected.
■ An efficient data management program consisting of acquisition, analysis,
validating, storing, and retrieving plays a key role in reservoir management.
■ It requires planning, justifying, prioritizing and timing.
■ As emphasized earlier, an integrated approach involving all functions is necessary to
lay the foundation of reservoir management.
Data Types
■ The types of data collected before and after production under the various broad
classification including the timing of acquisition and the professionals responsible
for acquisition and analyses are introduced here.
■ It is emphasized that the multidisciplinary professionals need to work as an
integrated team to develop and implement an efficient data management program.
Data Types
Classification Data Acquisition Timing Responsibility
Seismic Structure, stratigraphy,
faults, bed thickness,
fluids, interwell
heterogeneity
Exploration Seismologists,
Geophysicists
Data Types
Classification Data Acquisition Timing Responsibility
Geological Depositional
environment,
diagenesis, lithology,
structure, faults and
fractures
Exploration, discovery &
development
Exploration &
development geologists
Data Types
Classification Data Acquisition Timing Responsibility
Logging Depth, lithology,
thickness, porosity,
fluid saturation, gas/oil,
water/oil and gas/water
contacts, and well-to-
well correlations
Drilling Geologists,
Petrophysicists, and
engineers
Data Types
Classification Data Acquisition Timing Responsibility
Coring Basic Depth, lithology,
thickness, porosity,
permeability, and
residual fluid saturation
Drilling Geologists, drilling and
reservoir engineers,
and laboratory analysts
Special Relative permeability,
capillary pressure, pore
compressibility, grain
size, and pore size
distribution
Data Types
Classification Data Acquisition Timing Responsibility
Fluid Formation volume
factors,
compressibilities,
viscosities, gas
solubilities, chemical
compositions, phase
behavior, and specific
gravities
Discovery, delineation,
development and
production
Reservoir engineers,
and laboratory
analysists
Data Types
Classification Data Acquisition Timing Responsibility
Well Test Reservoir pressure,
effective permeability
thickness, stratification,
reservoir continuity,
presence of fractures or
faults, productivity and
injectivieity indices, and
residual oil saturation
Discovery, delineation,
development,
production and
injection
Reservoir and
production engineers
Data Types
Classification Data Acquisition Timing Responsibility
Production and
Injection
Oil, water, and gas
production rates, and
cumulative productions,
gas and water
injections rates and
cumulative injections,
and injection and
production profiles
Production and
injection
Production and
reservoir engineers
Data Acquisition and Analysis
■ Multidisciplinary groups (i.e., geophysicists, geologists, petrophysicists, drilling,
reservoir, production and facilities engineers) are involved in collecting various types
of data throughout the life of a reservoir.
■ Land and legal professionals also contribute to the data collection process.
■ Most of the data, except for the production and injection data, are collected during
delineation, and development of the fields.
Data Acquisition and Analysis
■ It is essential to establish
the specification of what
and how much data
need to be gathered and
the procedure and
frequency to be followed.
■ A logical, methodical,
and sequential data
acquisition and analysis
program is:
Data Validation
■ Field data are subjected to many errors (i.e., sampling, systematic, radon, etc.).
■ Therefore, the collected data need to be carefully reviewed and checked for
accuracy as well as for consistency.
■ In order to assess validity:
• Core and log analyses data should be carefully correlated, and their frequency
distributions made to identify different geologic facies.
• Log data should be carefully calibrated using core data for porosity and saturation
distributions, net sand determination, and geological zonation of the reservoir.
Data Validation
• The reservoir fluid properties can be validated by using the equation of state
calculations and by empirical correlations.
• The reasonableness of geological maps should be established by using the
knowledge of depositional environment.
• The presence of faults and flow discontinuities are evidenced in a geological study
can be investigated and validated by pressure interference and pulse and tracer
tests.
Data Validation
▪ The reservoir performance should be closely monitored while collecting routine
production and injection data including reservoir pressures.
▪ If past production and pressure data are available, classical material balance
techniques and reservoir modeling can be very useful to validate the volumetric
original hydrocarbons-in-place and aquifer size and strength.
▪ Laboratory rock properties, such as oil-water and gas-oil relative permeabilities, and
fluid properties, such as PVT data, are not always available. Empirical correlations
can be used to general these data.
Data Validation
▪ The reservoir performance should be closely monitored while collecting routine
production and injection data including reservoir pressures.
▪ If past production and pressure data are available, classical material balance
techniques and reservoir modeling can be very useful to validate the volumetric
original hydrocarbons-in-place and aquifer size and strength.
▪ Laboratory rock properties, such as oil-water and gas-oil relative permeabilities, and
fluid properties, such as PVT data, are not always available. Empirical correlations
can be used to general these data.
Data Storing and Retrieval
▪ The reconciled and validated data from the various sources need to be stored in a
common computer database accessible to all interdisciplinary end users.
▪ As new geoscience and engineering data are available, the database will require
updating.
▪ The stored data are used to carry out multipurpose reservoir management functions
including monitoring and evaluation the reservoir performance.
Data Application
▪ A better representation of the reservoir is made from 3-D seismic information.
▪ Geological maps such as gross and net pay thickness, porosity, permeability, saturation,
structure and cross- section are prepared from seismic, core and log analysis data.
▪ These maps are used for:
• Reservoir delineation
• Reservoir characterization
• Well location
• Estimates of original oil and gas –in-place
Data Application
▪ The well log data that provide the basic information needed for reservoir
characterization are used for:
• Mapping
• Perforations
• Estimation of original oil and gas in-place
• Evaluation of reservoir perforation
▪ Production logs can be used to identify remaining oil saturation in undeveloped
zones in existing production and injection wells.
Data Application
▪ The more commonly used logging systems are:
1. Open Hole Logs:
Resistivity, Induction, Spontaneous Potential, Gamma Ray, Density, Sonic, Compensated
Neutron, Sidewall neutron Porosity, Dielectric and Caliper
2. Cased Hole Logs:
Gamma Ray, Neutron (except SNP), Carbon/ Oxygen, Chlorine, Pulsed Neutron and
Caliper.
Data Application
■ Log sample for:
• Gamma Ray
• Resistivity
• Neutron Porosity
Data Application
▪ Core analysis is classified into conventional, whole – core, and side wall analysis.
▪ Core analysis gives direct measurement of the formation properties and the core
data are used for calibrating well log data.
▪ These data can have a major on the
• Estimates of hydrocarbon –in-place
• Production rates
• Ultimate recovery
▪ The properties are determined in the laboratories using equilibrium flash or
differential tests.
Data Application
Determination of Fluid Properties
Data Application
▪ The fluid data are used for:
• Volumetric estimates of reservoir oil and gas –in-place
• Reservoir type (i.e. oil, gas or gas condensate)
▪ Reservoir performance analysis
Data Application
■ Determination of
reservoir type by using:
• Phase diagram
Data Application
■ Determination of
Solution gas oil ratio and
the oil formation volume
factor versus pressure
Data Application
▪ The well test data are very useful for:
• Reservoir characterization
• Reservoir performance evaluation.
▪ Pressure build up or falloff tests provide the best estimate of the effective
permeability- thickness of the reservoir, in addition to reservoir pressure,
stratification, and presence of the faults and fracture.