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Reservoir Stimulation Techniques Hydraulic Fracturing Yolanda Tati, 67526 Petroleum Seminars, May 2014
Reservoir Stimulation Techniques Hydraulic Fracturing
Yolanda Tati, 67526 Petroleum Seminars, May 2014
Reservoir Stimulation…
‘…What is it about?’
What are the treatments most commonly used?
Explosives
Hydraulic Fracturing
Acid Injection
Hydraulic Fracturing ‘…What is the point?!’
Source:http://petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/IAI/17-20mar10/Wellstimulationtech.pdf
Source:http://petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/IAI/17-20mar10/Wellstimulationtech.pdf
STOP!
It is SAFETY’s 30 seconds!
Communication
Responsability
Awareness
Integrity
“To Fracture or Not to Fracture: That is the question.” Criteria for a good Candidate…
• Formation permeability (< 10 mDarcy)
• The in-situ stress distribution
• The condition of the wellbore
• Condition of Well Equipment
• Skin factor
• Reservoir fluid viscosity
• Reservoir pressure
• O/W and O/G not very close
• Reservoir depth
• Production History of the well
• ETC.
Equipment and Configuration ‘…Wanna have a look of the Real life?’
Source:http://www.groundworkcanada.org/
…What are the types of Frac Fluids?
Acid Fracturing Non-Acid Fluid Fracturing Water Based HydroCarbons Based Poly Emulsion
Non Conventional Nuclear Explosive HEGS (High Energy Gas Stimulation)
Source: http://fracfocus.org/
Fracturing Procedures ‘… So How does it work?’
Hydraulic Fracturing Stages
Source:http://www.fekete.com/SAN/TheoryAndEquations/WellTestTheoryEquations/Minifrac.htm
1. Spearhead stage
• ‘Acid stage’, Mix of water with diluted acid, such as hydrochloric acid(HCl).
Goal: To take out debris in the wellbore providing a clear pathway
for fracture fluids to access the formation.
Source: http://fracfocus.org/
2. Pad stage • A batch of carrying fluid without Proppant is inserted
• Goal: To Break the formation and initiate the hydraulic fracturing of the target formation.
Source:http://public.bakerhughes.com/shalegas/fracturing.html
3. Proppant stage • A mixture of water and sand (i.e. proppant) is fed into the wellbore.
The proppant is composed of non-compressible material.
• Goal:The proppant will remain in the formation once the pressure is reduced and ‘prop’ open the fracture network.
Thus, maintaining the enhanced permeability created!
Source: http://www.wintershall.com/en/press-news/domestic-production.html
3. Proppant stage
4.Flush stage • A volume of fresh water is pumped down the wellbore
• Goal:To flush out any excess proppant that may be present in the
wellbore.
Ideal vs Real
Source:http://petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/IAI/17-20mar10/Wellstimulationtech.pdf
Now, Let’s get our hands dirty! …Not really… Let’s just watch a small video!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjP-K1VaI1k
Shale Gas case!
Space for Questions
…Very tinny little space for Questions…
Yolanda Tati
(+351)926147615, Skype Name: Yolanda.Tati
Thank you for
your attention!
