Residential SafetyPart 1 – The Directive Change
Part 2 – Residential Construction Hazards
Draft 1 26 2011
2010 Accident Causation Factors• 48 falls: includes 19 from roofs, 12 from ladder,
6 scaffolds, 2 porches
• 16 electrocution: includes 9 110/220volts, 7 powerlines
• 12 struck by objects/overturned include: 7 earth moving equipment, 2 falling objects, 1 aerial lift, 1 dump bed, 1 forklift
• 9 caught in/collapses: 7 trench excavations, 1 trailer, 1 scaffold
• 5 burns: 2 propane, 2 solvent, 1 arc blasts
• 6 others include: 2 heat stress, 2 insects stings, 1 inhalation of CO, 1 natural gas, 1 infection
These Deaths Were Preventable• These were not
isolated cases.
• There were 100 deaths in 100 incidents in CY2010.
• Workers have a right to a safe workplace.
• In the residential construction industry these are the FIVE largest risks among many:– Falls – Electrical– Trench collapse– Equipment overturning– Fire
• All of these are preventable
Injury Prevention Basics• Management Leadership
• Employee Participation
• Hazard Prevention and Control
• Education and Training
• Program Evaluation and Improvement
• Communication and coordination on multi-employer sites
• These principles are adopted and recognized by…– 2100 VPP Companies– 1600 SHARPs– 1926.20, 1926.21 – 1910.119– ANSI Z9.10– OHSAS 18001– States AR, CA, LA,
HI, MN, MT NV, NH, NY, OR, WA
Part 1 Directive
• Effective June 16, 2011• OSHA has issued a directive rescinding
the Interim Fall Protection Compliance Guidelines for Residential Construction (STD 03-00-001)
What is Residential?• The end-use is to
have people live in as their home, i.e., a dwelling/apartment AND
• The structure being built must be constructed using traditional wood frame construction materials and methods.
Residential? NO!
• Churches• Nursing Homes• Banks• Hotels
Nursing Homes
Hotels
Banks
Low Sloped Roofs (less than 4/12 pitch)
• Other fall protection measures may be used to the extent allowed under other provisions of 29 CFR 1926.501(b) addressing specific types of work. For example, 1926.501(b)(10) permits the use of warning lines and safety monitoring systems during the performance of roofing work on low-sloped roofs.
Sloped Roofs
Slide guards with guardrails for sheathing
No Fall Protection
Fall Protection Plan
• 1926.502(k)• See Appendix E in
OSHA Subpart M• ANSI Z359.2 –
Minimum Requirements for a Comprehensive Managed Fall Protection Program
Slides Guards?• Before: Alternative
measures such as slide guards acceptable
• Now: Prove that the use of conventional fall protection is infeasible or created a greater hazard
• Proof is via written fall protection plan
Infeasible
• A written, site-specific fall protection plan is required.
• And documents, in that plan, the reasons why conventional fall protection systems are infeasible or why their use would be a greater hazard.
• Please call the OSHA Regional Office if you have a written fall protection plan that is stating this.
Rotten Roofs
• Roof tear off on old roofs can pose a danger for falling through the roof.
• Infeasibility issues must be evaluated.
Roof shows white rot.
Slate and Tile Roofs• Common defense is that anchorages may
damage the roof.
• Case by case basis now.
Wall Walking• Many contractors are
using safety devices that attach to the wall to avoid working on the top plate.
• Not anticipated to be exempt under fall protection plan.
Work off ladders and scaffolds if possible.
This is dangerous and other methods can be used.
Top Plate• The worker has to get on the top plate to give
leverage and assist the center man with the large truss.
Due to the many configurations of
residential designs it will be evaluated on a case
by case basis.
Controlled Access Zones• Alternative methods• Written Fall Protection Plan• 1926.502(k)
Fall Restraint• OSHA allows the use of an effective fall restraint
system in lieu of a personal fall arrest system. • To be effective, a fall restraint system must be
rigged to prevent a worker from reaching a fall hazard and falling over the edge.
• See ANSI Z359.3-2007 for more on restraint systems.
Most fall restraints are impractical in residential. Workers can easily slide
off the roof.
Do not accept a restraint system without calling the OSHA regional
office.
Training Requirements• 1926.503• Each employee who might
be exposed to fall hazards must been trained
• Written certification record that contains: – Name/identity of the
employee trained– Date(s) of training – Signature of the employer
or the person who conducted the training
No fall protection used
Part 2 Overview
Scissor lift put on a trailer.
Step ladder used to get to the roof.
What do you see?
Residential Deaths CY2010• 100 deaths
• 48 falls
• 16 electrocutions
• 12 struck by objects/overturned
• 9 caught in/collapses: 7 trench excavations
• 5 burns
• 6 others include: 2 heat stress, 2 insects stings, 1 inhalation of CO, 1 natural gas, 1 infection
No guard rails on scaffold
Falls• 48 falls include:
– 19 falls from roofs – 12 falls from ladder – 6 scaffolds – 2 porches
Floor Openings
• Many falls through openings were stair openings
Violation: Floor opening with no guardrails.
Floor Opening AbatementViolation: 4' x 8' sheets of plywood covering a stairway opening to the
basement of a house. Only four nails hold the two covers. The cover is not marked.
No Violation: Guardrails used
Extension Ladders• Ladder contacting
electrical caused employee to fall in some cases.
• Carrying material up ladder perhaps another fall cause.
Violation: Ladder used to support plank.
Extension Ladder Abatement
• Extend ladder 3 feet above access roof
• Work within side rails
• Secure it from movement
• 10 feet from electrical lines
Ladder Jack Scaffold• Work is often siding• No fall arrest worn• Shall not exceed 20
feet• Use separate access
ladder when platform on front side of ladder
Ladder Jack Abatement• Fall arrest is often a roof anchorage, rope grab,
and body harness.
Open Sided Floor
• No guardrail at open sides above 6 feet• Often material handling is the reason no rails are
not in place
Open Side Floor Abatement
• Floor sheathing abatement using alternative fall protection methods.
No Violation: Area for wall building marked off six feet from edge.
Aerial lift• 1926.453 (b)(2)(v)
• No fall arrest in aerial lifts
• All users should have the PAL card to use lifts
• 8 hours of training
Forklift Fall
• Never work from a pallet!
Working on a pallet is very dangerous!
Porches• Guardrails first• Fall arrest is not practical• Check uprights on porches for diagonal bracing • Check for stability of porch
Electrocutions• 16 electrocutions include:
– 9 110/220 volts – 7 powerlines
10 feet away is required. Cranes are 20 feet.
Rat chewing on attic electrical wire
Electrical
• Attics in existing houses are common sources of electrocutions.
• Use voltage detectors• Use Class 0 or 00 gloves
Powerlines
• Consider using the new crane standard as a guideline (see next slide)
• Metal ladders are the #1 contact object
Could you get within 20 feet of power line?YES NO
Option #1 Deenergize &
Ground
No further action
Option #3Ask Utility for Voltage and Use Table A (with minimum
clearance distance)
Option #220 Foot
Clearance
Encroachment Prevention Measures
• Planning meeting• If tag lines used; Non-conductive• Elevated warning lines, barricade or line of signs
•PLUS (Choose one):
• Proximity alarm, spotter, warning device, range limiter, or insulating link
Intentionally Working Closer Than Table A Zone 1910.1410
• Paragraph (b) requires the employer to consult with the utility owner/operator before deciding that it infeasible to deenergize and ground the lines or relocate them.
• Employer can establish this distance by either having the utility owner/operator determine the minimum clearance distance that must be maintained or by having a registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical transmission and distribution determine the minimum clearance distance that must be maintained.
Struck By• 12 struck by
objects/overturned include: – 7 earth moving
equipment – 2 falling objects – 1 aerial lift – 1 dump bed – 1 forklift
Crane or forklift is recommended to lift walls
Vehicles
• Vehicle can back over employee
Forklifts• Tip over is common.• Certified operators
are required.• Riding pallet or home
made platforms that fall off is not acceptable
• May be covered under 1926.1400 depending on attachments and use
Earthmoving Buckets
• Hit by Bucket• Excavators• Skidsteers• Backhoes
Worker in white shirt under bucket to the right. No hard hat. No need to be there.
Truss Bracing
• Trusses have to have horizontal and diagonal bracing to prevent a truss collapse.
• Cited 5(a)(1) per Truss Plate Institute Guidelines
Truss Lifting
• Lifting the truss at one point can cause the truss to separate/break and fall.
• Use a spreader bar or a forklift.
Swing Radius • Workers are killed when
struck by the counterweight
• Aerial lifts
• Excavator
• Flag off the area
• The operator may not see a person coming up
Bracing Walls
• Masonry Walls (See Masonry Institute Guidelines)
• Concrete foundations
• Concrete Forms
Caught In
• 9 caught in/collapses include: – 7 trench excavations– 1 trailer – 1 scaffold
Trenching
• No cave in protection
• No ladder within 25 feet
• No competent person
• Quick disconnect bucket hazard (see OSHA SHIB)
Fire/Burns• 5 burns include:
– 2 propane – 2 solvent – 1 arc blasts
• Have a fire prevention plan
• Have fire extinguisher
• Use Flame resistant clothing if necessary
Electrical Processes Causing Arc Flashes
• Removing or installing circuit breakers or fuses • Voltage testing • Working on control circuits when energized parts
exposed • Applying safety grounds • Racking circuit breakers • Racking starters • Removing bolted covers• See NFPA 70E
Other
• 6 others include: – 2 heat stress – 2 insects stings – 1 inhalation of CO – 1 natural gas – 1 infection
Carbon Monoxide
• Winter time is worst time for temporary heaters.
• No venting and use of fuels inside.
Heat Stress• Workers need to gradually build up to heavy
work • Provide water• Plan for a cool area/shade• Know signs of heat illnesses• Take more breaks
when extreme heat and humidity
Resources
• NAHB-OSHA Jobsite Safety Handbook http://www.osha.gov/doc/jobsite/
• Every state has free consultation available to small employers.
Further• This was prepared as a collaborative effort several
friends as a preliminary aid for anyone in the Residential Safety field.
• These are just some the issues. A comprehensive job hazard analysis should be conducted for any task where someone can get hurt.
• This is not an official OSHA publication. Those will be on the OSHA.gov website.
• [email protected] is my email if you see any errors312-353-5977
• I want to thank Brian Sturtecky, Bill Donovan, Steve Y, Frank M, Steve M. Tom K, Tom S, Ken K, Josh M, and Janet Schulte, all their assistance in answering questions and providing insight to the many hazards in this sector.