26th National Selection ConferenceEuropean Youth Parliament Greece
Thessaloniki, 14 -16 December, 2012
Resolution Booklet
Sunday, December 16th 2012
8:30 - 9:00 Opening of the GA
9:00 - 9:45 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Human Rights
9:45 - 10:30 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Committee on
Environment, Public Health and Food Safety I
10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break
11:00 - 11:45 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Civil Liberties
11:45 - 12:30 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Environment,
Public Health and Food Safety II
12:30 - 13:15 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Committee on
Industry, Research and Energy
13:15 - 14:15 Lunch
14:15 - 15:00 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Security and
Defence
15:00 - 15:45 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Development
15:45 - 16:30 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Agriculture
16:30 - 17:00 Coffee Break
17:00 - 17:45 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Economic and
Monetary Affairs
17:45 - 18:30 Motion for a Resolution by the Committee on Legal Affairs
18:30 - 19:00 Break
19:00 - 19:30 Closing Ceremony
20:00 End of the session
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RIGHTS
On the rise of nationalist parties and the radical change of Europe’s political
map: how can the EU reinstate a culture of acceptance, social integration and
solidarity?
Submitted by: Foteini Anastasiou, Vissaria Bakratsa, Stauroula Chyti, Georgia
Gatsia, Aglaia Griva, Anna- Sofia Kyloni, Kalliopi Massoura,
Styliani Mitta, Anastasia Ntracha, Giorgos Pliafas, Dimitrios
Poimenidis, Pavlos Salonikidis, Aliki Stogianni, Panagiotis
Themelis, Aspa Georgakopoulou (GR, Chairperson), Katerina
Koukou (GR, Chairperson)
The European Youth Parliament
A. Recognising that the EU financial crisis has resulted in the rise of nationalist
parties with extremist views that lead to the violation of immigrants’ rights,
B. Bearing in mind the fundamental principles of the EU such as non-discrimination,
tolerance, solidarity, gender equality and respect of human rights,
C. Alarmed by the dissemination of hate promoted by several nationalist parties that
result in xenophobia and discrimination,
D. Seeking the equal treatment of all members of society, including both immigrants
and indigenous people,
E. Realising the necessity for a culture of acceptance, social inclusion and mutual
understanding of different backgrounds,
F. Drawing attention to the large number of illegal immigrants in the EU and the
associated bureaucratic difficulties during legalisation process;
1. Recommends closer collaboration between the EU and Non-Governmental
Organisations with the latter acting as monitoring bodies of the implementation of
existing legislation,
2. Further proclaims the reinforcement of the role of local communities and councils
in collaboration with social workers to foster friendly relationships between
indigenous people and immigrants,
3. Urges the provision of education and accurate information concerning the role of
immigrants in society by means of:
a) awareness-raising campaigns and actions via media,
b) establishing a common educational process for the indigenous people and the
immigrants,
c) the inclusion of the cultural history of the EU in school curricula,
d) student exchange programs;
4. Calls upon the enforcement of each Member State’s existing mechanisms that
protect immigrants’ political and legal rights, in particular the mechanisms that
ensure their access to the welfare system,
5. Emphasises the potential of surveys and case studies to identify immigrants’
problems in order to facilitate their inclusion into society,
6. Further requests the simplification of the legislative process for immigrants by
reducing bureaucracy in order to make asylum procedures more effective,
7. Encourages the creation of a “Europe of regions” so as to safeguard European
interests and overcome national boundaries by means of:
a) creating transnational lists of candidates in the electoral process in the Union,
b) giving the European Parliament the legislative power to create and enforce
laws regarding immigrants’ integration and to promote solidarity,
c) creating a collective European identity including common values and
principles.
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH
AND FOOD SAFETY I
‘On the EU's failure to meet its 2010 biodiversity target and 2010-2020 being
declared by the United Nations as the Decade of Biodiversity’: what is different
this time? How should the EU protect biodiversity, especially by adopting an
ecosystem services approach?
Submitted by: Marina Alexiou, Vasileios Antoniou, Konstantina Bantavi,
Paraskevi Fanara, Georgia-Gavriela Fanaropoulou, Areti
Kapetaniou, Faidra Karkala, Konstantina Kasiora, Ourania
Kerasidou, Vasileios Liakris, Dimitra Malliaroudaki, Nikolaos
Markovitis, Eirini-Rea Ntika, Ioanna Panagiotidou, Aikaterini
Vasileiou, Danae Tselou (Chairperson, GR), Stamos Tahas
(President, GR)
The European Youth Parliament,
A. Noting with regret the insufficient implementation of legislation regarding
environmental affairs within the EU,
B. Deeply disturbed by the lack of effective collaboration among Member States in
dealing with issues of biodiversity,
C. Recognising that industries do not easily adopt an eco-friendly approach to their
activities,
D. Noting with deep concern that the overconsumption of energy has a negative
impact on biodiversity,
E. Deeply conscious of the lack of public awareness on environmental issues despite
existing campaigns, programmes and school projects,
F. Fully alarmed by the inefficient management of funding for issues concerning
biodiversity,
G. Alarmed by society's lack of prioritising eco-friendliness as a value;
1. Endorses the adoption of the Action Plan decided upon at the 10th meeting of the
Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity;
2. Calls for the evaluation of national authorities and services responsible for the
implementation of the Action Plan;
3. Encourages the reconstruction or unification of national authorities or services
found not to meet the standards of the afore-mentioned evaluation for
implementing the Action Plan;
4. Further invites the establishment of eco-friendly standards for industries, as a
condition for their existence;
5. Affirms the creation of additional protected areas within the EU in order to allow
biodiversity in these habitats to recover;
6. Draws attention to the need to organise biodiversity-related activities and
incorporate environmental subjects into school curriculum.
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON ON CIVIL LIBERTIES, JUSTICE
AND HOME AFFAIRS.
On the question of: A patchwork society torn between values and necessities:
How can the EU support individuals in their desire to balance professional
ambitions with individual family plans?
Submitted by: Symeon Anthopoulos, Efthymia Kapsali, Nikoletta-Paraskevi Kouli,
Eleni Mavidou, Eleftheria Mpalmpouzi, Maria Polychronidou,
Maria-Anna Rafail, Konstantina Rompesi, Sofia Stavroglou,
Aikaterini Stefou, Athanasios Tragiannis, Garyfallenia Tsinopoulou,
Maria Vamvaka, Evanthia Kasiora (Chairperson-GR), Krzysztof
Strzalkowski (Chairperson-PL)
The European Youth Parliament,
A. Aware of the growing levels of unemployment throughout the EU,
B. Taking into account that constantly shifting market needs combined with decrease
of pay rates, lengthening of the workday and inflexible labour time result in a lack
of jobs in Member States,
C. Believing that poor and exhausting working conditions can have a negative impact
on family life,
D. Deeply concerned about the lack of information, social awareness and essential
school education regarding employment affairs and the rights of workers such as:
i) Regulations on parental leave,
ii) Social benefits and allowances,
E. Noting with deep concern the existence of gender stereotypes which can generate
inequality;
F. Observing that family values are becoming increasingly sidelined due to the fact
that individuals are prioritising financial motives when deciding upon work-life
balance,
1. Calls upon national governments to take the measures in order to boost the
productivity of the primary sector and the opening of new workplaces;
2. Encourages employers to incorporate flexible working hours wherever possible;
3. Draws attention to the need for the provision of a special form of education, in
order for citizens to be capable of establishing home-based e-businesses. Such as:
a) Free of charge Higher education courses,
b) Distance learning programmes,
4. Recognises the need for the creation and coordination of programmes aiming to
raise awareness regarding the existence of social support programmes within
Europe, such as:
a) Seminars and conferences,
b) High- school stage programmes,
c) Academic projects,
5. Further requests for all educational institutions to cultivate and promote what is
commonly regarded as family values,
6. Expresses its hope that the gender pay gap caused by the prevalence of gender
stereotypes will be abolished to decrease inequality between sexes.
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS II
With the presence of falsified medicines increasing in the EU, what strategies can
the Member States adopt to counter this threat to public health?
Submitted by: Christina Akountelou, Stamatia Christaki, Georgios Karanasios,
Eirini Kelidou, Konstantina Kopanou, Athina Koukougianidou,
Lasha Mitagvariya, Athina Mavridou, Nefeli Papazisi, Despina-
Elisavet Stavridou, Georgios Tsikalas, Charikleia Tsounaneri,
Electra Vasiloudi, Panaghiotis P. Kalaïdhopoulos (Chairperson,
GR), Ioanna Yiallourides (Chairperson, CY)
The European Youth Parliament,
A. Fully aware of the fact that falsified medicines are fake medicines, containing
ingredients of low quality or non-typified dosage and enter the market as original
medicines,
B. Concerned by the possibility that falsified medicines may be deliberately
mislabelled with respect to their origin and pharmaceutical identity,
C. Alarmed by the fact that 62% of falsified medicines are sold via the Internet,
D. Bearing in mind that the vast majority of citizens are poorly informed about the
existence of falsified medicines and the perils they pose to public health,
E. Recognising that the EU already possesses a strong legal framework with the
Directive 2011/62/EU “on the prevention of the entry of falsified medicines into
the legal supply chain of falsified medicinal products”, which will be in force as
of 02-01-2013,
F. Identifying that the high demand for original medicine increases its price, causing
the increase of fake medicine as alternatives;
1. Calls for the reorganisation of Member States’ pharmaceutical directories and
their respective national systems, which is to document the medicinal output of
every Member State;
2. Empasises the need to raise public awareness with regard to the hazardous
implications of falsified medicines on human health through the:
a. creation of an informative, free of charge phone line,
b. organisation of designated campaigns, expert talks and educational
programmes,
c. establisment of a European Anti-Falsifying Medicine Day;
3. Demands the enforcement of severe penalties for those infringing the law linked
to the manufacture and circulation of medicinal products;
4. Strongly supports the adjustments of the prices of medicinal products in
accordance with people’s living standards;
5. Further supports the widespread use of generic medicines as an example of a cost-
effective, sustainable alternative to ‘traditional’ medicines;
6. Declares accordingly its faith to the affirmative implementation of the Directive
2011/62/EU by Member States and all affilitated stakeholders, with specific
regard to its technical aspects.
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON
INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND ENERGY
With companies currently seeking a combination of expertise and experience alongside lower costs, how can the EU promote entrepreneurship and protect
business within Europe?
Submitted by: Anastasia Doinaki, Aggeliki Mpetina, Aggeliki Xafi, Aggelos
Giannakos, Anna-Eleni Emmanouil, Dimitrios Kirantiadis, Eleni
Zisi, Eva Karolidou, Evangelia Theocharidou, Ifaistion Gkiosis
Konstantinos Aggelakis, Konstantinos Andronikidis, Kyriakos
Panagi, Maria Mpampa, Maria Theochari, Thanasis Saitis
(Chairperson, GR), Arriana Yiallourides (Chairperson, CY)
The European Youth Parliament,
A. Alarmed by the effects of the ongoing financial crisis on many businesses which
are forced to shut or leave the European Union (EU) resulting in high
unemployment rates and a brain drain,
B. Realising through implementing strict financial legislation involving high taxation
of business profits and bureaucracy, Member States often establish a climate of
fear for young entrepreneurs,
C. Further noting the effect that high production costs have had on Small and
Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs), rendering them unable to compete with larger
enterprises and not allowing for the achievement of their respective business
goals,
D. Noting with concern that European SMEs seek business outside the EU as a result
of limited state support and reduced private investment,
E. Bearing in mind the unequal treatment towards women and immigrants in the
entrepreneurial society;
1. Approves the promotion of existing educational programmes such as Erasmus for
Young Entrepreneurs, aimed at encouraging young Europeans to work in the EU
by:
a. inviting them to discuss with experts in order to resolve potential difficulties
arising in their entrepreneurial pursuit,
b. supporting and funding initiatives such as the European Parliament for
Entrepreneurs (EPE);
c. simplifying the process of receiving a line of credit and lowering the interest
rates of SME loans,
d. accepting enterprises branching outside the EU as a sign of economic growth;
2. Recommends flexible financial legislation regarding the establishment process of
new SMEs with minimal bureaucratic procedures;
3. Supports the use of Structural Funds such as the European Social Fund which
provides grants to equip young entrepreneurs with knowledge regarding business
challenges in the global market;
4. Calls for the promotion of organisations such as the European Investment Bank
(EIB) and European Investment Fund (EIF) in order to stimulate local and
regional economic growth;
5. Encourages universities in the EU to play a key role in advocating youth
entrepreneurship and innovation whilst providing knowledge on establishing and
managing enterprises;
6. Urges for a pan-European initiative which will:
a. ensure that women are offered equal opportunities and fair treatment in the
entrepreneurial world,
b. provide advice and financial support to members of any minority wishing to
become involved in entrepreneurship.
26TH NATIONAL SELECTION CONFERENCE THESSALONIKI, 14 – 16 DECEMBER, 2012
EUROPEAN YOUTH PARLIAMENT GREECE
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE
Taking into account existing political conflicts in regions neighbouring the EU, in
particular the Middle East, North Africa and Transcaucasia, how can the EU
work together with NATO to help prevent such conflicts in the future?
Submitted by: Athina Andronidou, Christina Arseni, Evangelia Avgeridou,
Evanthia Efthymiadou, Dimitra Karakioulaki, Evangelos
Karapoulitidis, Marios Ladenis, Aikaterini Loukopoulou, Georgia-
Maria Mallia, Nikolaos Mentesidis, Dimitrios Mitsopoulos, Eleni
Ntoumou, Christos Zois, Maria Oikonomou (Chairperson, GR),
Dimitris Zacharias (Chairperson, GR)
The European Youth Parliament,
A. Noting with regret the casualties of both soldiers and civilians during armed
political conflicts in regions of Middle East, North Africa and Transcaucasia,
B. Alarmed by the continuous tension between conflicting sides in regions
neighbouring the EU, potentially leading to devastating armed conflicts in the
aforementioned areas,
C. Recognising the importance of the European Union (EU) Common Security and
Defence Policy and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation’s (NATO) New Strategic
Concept,
D. Expressing its appreciation for NATO’s “Berlin-Plus” Agreement, allowing the
European Union to use the Alliance’s military assets,
E. Further noting that the establishment of an EU Army is unnecessary and will lead
to an increase in costs and military inefficiency,
F. Having examined the sources of political conflicts in the aforementioned regions
to have been caused by:
i) territorial integrity claims,
ii) religious fundamentalism,
iii) conflicts of interest,
iv) constitutional instability and disregard for the law;
1. Solemnly confirms diplomatic efforts as the most prominent means of stabilising
conflict situations in regions neighbouring the EU;
2. Authorises EU official observers to be deployed to areas of potential conflict so as
to provide assistance and expertise to these troubled regions;
26TH NATIONAL SELECTION CONFERENCE THESSALONIKI, 14 – 16 DECEMBER, 2012
EUROPEAN YOUTH PARLIAMENT GREECE
3. Designates task forces comprised of EU diplomats and experts in the fields of
education and technology to act as stability agents in regions of conflict;
4. Declares accordingly that in instances of diplomatic failure between the EU and
regions in conflict, financial and diplomatic sanctions are to be imposed as well as
arms embargos;
5. Urges the composition and deployment of conflict-specific missions comprised of
EU officials that will ensure stability during the transition of power and impose
penalties in instances of unlawful political behaviour;
6. Endorses the revision of the Common Security and Defence Policy according to
the objectives of the Alliance’s New Strategic Concept aimed at restoring and
maintaining peace in regions of conflict.
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON DEVELOPMENT
‘Water, a spring of conflict’: How can Europe act to strategically mitigate water
stress as a catalyst for armed conflicts and migration in Africa and the Middle
East?
Submitted by: Panagiota Alexoudi, Dafni Argyraki, Sofia Khader, Paraskeui
Daniil, Ann Fartukh, Evangelia Greveniti, Konstantinos
Konstantinou, Eleni Kotzamanidou, Leandros Lamnis, Nikolaos
Michailidis, Nicoleta Bakola, Nikolaos Bouas, Georgios
Sidiropoulos, Anna Theodoropoulou, Nikolaos Veazoglou,
Genevieve Shorthouse (Vice-President, UK), Vasilis Koutsomarkos
(Chairperson, GR)
The European Youth Parliament,
A. Recognising the importance of water as the substance that sustains life,
B. Taking into account the recent estimation that by the year 2050 the availability of
water per capita will be reduced by half,
C. Deeply concerned by the conflicts caused by unequal water allocation in Africa
and the Middle East,
D. Believing that unity equals prosperity and having this as a target for overcoming
water scarcity will make water related projects more efficient,
E. Deeply regretting the negative consequences of water scarcity in Africa and the
Middle East and the current lack of altruistic behaviour from Europe towards
these regions;
1. Encourages the use of innovative water purification methods such as forward
osmosis, advanced membrane technology, fertigation and drip irrigation systems;
2. Further recommends the use of established techniques including rain water
harvesting, soil profile exploitation and the utilisation of aquifers thereby
exposing local populations to new water sources;
3. Endorses the further education of the African and Middle Eastern populations in
order to make them aware of methods to combat problems concerning water;
4. Draws attention to initiatives such as the Millennium Development Goals which
target more efficient water allocation within regions containing cross border
basins;
5. Expresses its hope that water can be used as a means to achieve peace in
connection with policies defined at the Helsinki Conference and 1997 Oslo II
Agreement;
6. Notes that the success of water related projects will increase living standards in
Africa and the Middle East;
7. Proclaims that the long term success of the above measures will be strengthened
by the financial and political independence of Africa and the Middle East.
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE AND RURAL
AFFAIRS
With human rights at the center of EU policy making, is it just that inequalities
exist between Member States in their treatment of animals?
Submitted by: Alexandra Karagkitsi, Apostolos Thomos, Athanasios Theocharis,
Christina Konstaninou, Dominiki Seitanidou, Efthimis Kyriakis,
Eleftheria Papaioannou, Eleni Zisioglou, Erato Fessatidou , Iliana
Tsiotou, Paschalis Kavakiotis, Sofia Klima, Mara Dona (Vice-
President, GR), Sigrun Fagerfjäll (Chairperson, SE)
The European Youth Parliament
A. Taking into consideration article 13 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the
European Union (TFEU) with regards to the welfare requirements of animals,
B. Noting with regret the overwhelming number of animals that are subject to
laboratory research in the EU (European Union), amounting annually to
approximately 12.1 million,
C. Recognising that despite the thorough legislative framework concerning animal
welfare within the EU, animals are treated differently among MS (Member
States) depending on cultural traditions and regional heritage,
D. Noting with concern that animal cruelty practices for economic gain are common
in EU MS,
E. Alarmed by the poor living conditions of animals destined for slaughter,
especially those raised in factory farms.
1. Draws attention to the need to raise awareness of animal welfare by:
a) creating a media campaign informing European citizens about the quality of
the treatment of animals in MS,
b) encouraging MS to include educational programmes about animal welfare in
their respective curricula;
2. Encourages MS to invest in research programmes developing alternative methods
of scientific research that will eliminate the exploitation of animals;
3. Urges MS to intensify their cooperation within the context of a new initiative
overseen by the EU aimed at encouraging national authorities to strictly
implement common animal protection laws;
4. Recommends further allocation of European funds and loans towards farmers who
implement methods securing the well-being of animals and upholding the
principles of EU law regarding animal welfare.
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC AND MONETARY
AFFAIRS
‘Forced fiscal union?’ With concerns on sweeping ECB authority and conflicts of
interest after the Commission's proposals for a central control of 6000 European
banks in September 2012, how should the European economy progress to solve
the crisis?
Submitted by: Nikolaos Avramidis, Christos Devetzis, Athina Firtinidou, Vasiliki
Giannakopoulou, Adam Grammatikos, Eleni Kalogeropoulou, Paris
Karagiannopoulos, Niki Karakitsou, Miltiadis Lapatsanis, Stergianni
Mpazteka, Nefeli Papadopoulou, Zafeiris Sidiropoulos, Entzi
Tereziou, Evangelia Theodosiou, Georgios Tsiountas, Athanasios
Karagiannis (Vice-President, GR), Izaura Mantsai (Chairperson,
AL)
The European Youth Parliament,
A. Deeply concerned by the lack of supervision of EU banks and Member State
national budgets,
B. Observing that extreme austerity measures lead to a vicious cycle, entailing lower
tax revenue, higher unemployment benefits and financial recession,
C. Confident that central supervision decreases democratic deficit,
D. Alarmed by the fact that even though Member Countries of the Eurozone are
interdependent there is a lack of solidarity among them,
E. Taking into consideration the fact that 4.5 trillion euros of taxes are used per year
to bail out EU banks;
1. Accepts the Commission’s proposals in supervising, proposing solutions, defining
limits and imposing penalties set by the European Central Bank, leading to the
direct recapitalisation of EU banks;
2. Recommends that European institutions be given a substantial amount of authority
regarding financial policy;
3. Encourages the creation of a Fiscal Union;
4. Notes that the Eurobond could be introduced in the European financial system in
the long term;
5. Strongly supports economic growth through measures, such as tax reduction, that
will lead to investments;
6. Expresses its hopes for the creation of a Federal Union in the future.
MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON LEGAL AFFAIRS
‘The future of embryonic stem cell research in a heterogeneous legal landscape’:
how can the EU strike a balance between the conflicting moral and medical
arguments regarding the use of embryos in research?
Submitted by: Adamakis Eleftherios, Ainatzoglou Kostantina, Efthimiou Tsironi
Maria, Karameliou Athina, Katsaouni Maria, Kotsadam Georgios,
Lamprou Georgios, Louka Styliani, Marioglou Georgia, Maurou
Styliani, Miliatzidou Alexandra, Raikidou Evangelia, Stamkopoulou
Dimitra, Stragali Marianna, Grishaj Aida (AL, Chairperson)
Platanitis Achilleas (GR, Chairperson)
The European Youth Parliament,
A. Recognising the numerous medical uses of stem cells in the development of
possible treatments, therapies and medical tests that would significantly improve
the living standards of future generations,
B. Fully aware of the fact that the extraction of Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) results
in termination of the growth of the embryo itself,
C. Deeply concerned about the potential exploitation of artificially mass-produced
ESCs for financial profit,
D. Taking into consideration the differences between legislation and mentalities
amongst Member States regarding the exact moment when human life begins,
E. Bearing in mind that the majority of Member States’ legislation prohibits the in
vitro creation of embryos solely for research purposes;
1. Encourages the creation and implementation of a firm, common, binding policy
that would set guidelines, for all Member States;
2. Further requests prioritising research such as the use of modified adult stem cells
(induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-iPSC) and umbilical cord blood cells or cells
from the placenta as a substitute for embryonic stem cells;
3. Recommends that national governments raise awareness of the benefits and
drawbacks of embryonic stem cells, through:
a. educational institutions,
b. media campaigns,
c. public debates and seminars;
4. Urges Member States to impose stricter regulations on stem cell researchers
through the means of psychometric tests and expert supervision;
5. Calls upon the European Commission to fund research into modified adult stem
cells (iPSC);
6. Supports the use of spare in vitro fertilised embryos after parental or donor
permission.
Stem Cells
A class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialised cell types.
Commonly, stem cells can be divided into two main categories:
i) Embryonic Stem Cells
Embryonic Stem Cells are totipotent (meaning: cells with total potential to develop into any
cell in the body). They are derived from a four- or a five-day-old human embryo that is in the
blastocyst face of development. The embryos are usually extras that have been created in
IVF clinics (in vitro fertilisation) where several eggs are fertilized in a test tube but only one is
implanted into a woman.
ii) Adult Stem Cells
An adult stem cell is thought to be an undifferentiated cell, found among differentiated cells
in a tissue or organ that can renew itself and can differentiate to yield some or all of the
specialised cell types of the tissue or organ. The primary roles of an adult stem cell are to
maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells are adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to
an embryonic stem cell-like state by being forced to express genes and factors important for
maintaining the defining properties of embryonic stem cells. Although these cells meet the
defining criteria for pluripotent stem cells, it is not known if iPSCs and embryonic stem cells
differ in clinically significant ways.
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