Respiration and Excretion

Breathing is the movement of the chest that brings oxygen into the lungs and removes waste gases (carbon dioxide)

Oxygen that enters our lungs is carried by our blood to our cells

Simultaneously the digestive system is releasing glucose to our cells

The oxygen delivered to our cells is used to release energy from the glucose

This chemical reaction is known as respiration

The combination of glucose and oxygen produce carbon dioxide, water and releases energy that is used by our cells

CO2, and water are waste products that are carried back to the lungs in the blood and released when we exhale

Air enters our body through the nostrils or mouth

The hairs in our nostrils trap dust When breathing through our nose, air then

passes through the nasal cavity where it is moistened and warmed by the body’s heat

Mucous in your nasal cavity also helps filter the air

Cilia in the nasal cavity sweeps mucous and trapped materials to the back of the throat to where it can be swallowed

Tube-like passageway used by food liquid and air that enters your body through your mouth or nose.

The epiglottis is located at the lower end of the pharynx

Epiglottis is a flap of tissue that folds down when you eat to prevent food or liquid from entering into your lungs

Once the air passes through the pharynx, it passes through the larynx

This airway is where your vocal cords are attached to

Forcing air between the vocal cords causes them to vibrate and produce sounds

Muscles tighten or loosen your vocal cords, which enables you to produce different sounds

Air moves from the larynx into the trachea It is a tube about 12 cm in length Rings of cartilage keep the trachea from

collapsing Contains cilia and mucuous membranes,

which trap dusts, bacteria and pollen If the trachea collapsed, it would be difficult

of even impossible to breathe

Are two tubes that carry air into the lungs Bronchus (singular) Located at the end of the trachea In the lungs the bronchi branch into

smaller and smaller tubes The smallest are called bronchioles Alveoli are tiny, thin walled sacs at the end

of each bronchiole Air passes from the bronchi to the

bronchioles to alveoli The lungs are masses alveoli arranged in

clusters

Capillaries surround the alveoli Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

between the capillaries and the alveoli This exchange happens easily because the

alveoli and capillaries are only 1 cell thick The hemoglobin in the blood picks up the

oxygen and carries it to our cells At the same time wastes are leaving the

capillaries and entering the alveoli and leave the body through exhalation

1. Define lung disease.2. What part/s of the respiratory system

are affected by the disease?3. What is the cause/s of the disorder?4. How does this disease affect the

respiratory system?5. What are signs or symptoms of the

disease?6. What treatments are available to

people with the disorder?

The main function of the excretory system is to remove wastes from your body

Undigested material is eliminated by your large intestine

Waste gases are eliminated by the circulatory and respiratory systems

Some salts are eliminated when you sweat The digestive, urinary, circulatory and

respiratory systems work together as parts of the excretory system

If wastes are not removed from your body, toxic substances build up in your body and damage your organs

This can lead to serious illness or death

Rids the blood of wastes produced by the cells.

It is part of the excretory system Removes excess water produced by

body cells during respiration The fluid levels in our body must be

regulated in order for our body to stay healthy

The hypothalamus in our brain monitors the amount of water in our bodies

When the brain detects too much water in our blood it releases less of a hormone

This signals the kidneys to return less water to the blood and increase the amount of wastewater called urine.

A certain amount of water is needed in the blood to aid in the movement of gases and the excretion of solid wastes

The urinary systems balances the amount of salt and water necessary for all cell activities

Kidney• Is the main organ• we have 2• Located on the back wall of the abdomen,

waist high• Filters blood that contains wastes from cells• Takes about 5 minutes for all of our blood to

pass through our kidneys• Made up of 1 million nephrons (filtering

units)

First filtration occurs when water, sugar, salt and wastes enter the cuplike structure of the nephron. The red blood cells and proteins are not filtered

Next this liquid is squeezed into a narrow tubule and the capillaries that surround the tubule perform a second filtration.

Most of the water, sugar and salts are reabsorbed and returned to the blood

The purified blood returns to the main circulatory system through the renal vein attached to each kidney

The liquid left behind becomes urine and flows into collecting tubules

Urine in the collecting tubules flow into the ureter, which is a funnel shaped area of each kidney

They are tubes that lead from each kidney to the bladder

Is an elastic muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body

Can hold up to .5 L of urine When full, the bladder is stretched

and thin When empty, the bladder is wrinkled

and thick

Is a tube that is connected to the bladder

Carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body