Respiration

Let’s get energized!!Brain Pop Movie

Cellular Respiration

The breaking down of food by mitochondria to produce ATP

How is energy “packaged” for the cell?

ATP!

Definitions

What does aerobic mean?

So what does anaerobic mean?

Breaking it down

There are three main stages of cellular respiration: Glycolysis (anaerobic)Citric Acid Cycle (aerobic)Electron Transport Chain (ETC - aerobic)

- Tidbits -

Carried out by both plant and animal cells.Does not occur at any set time

The ultimate goal

MAKE ENERGY!!!Disassemble carbohydrates into glucose moleculesUse this glucose to produce energy-rich ATP molecules.

The Reaction

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP

Does this look familiar?

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Where is energy in each reaction? Why?

Glycolysis

Glycolysis literally means "to break apart glucose". Breaks down a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acidOccurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm) of a cell

Glycolysis

Can be broken down into two major stages:– Glucose activation – Energy harvest

glucose fructosebisphosphate

G3P pyruvate

NAD+

ADPATP

2

2 2

22

4 4

2

ADP

NADH

ATP

Energy harvestGlucose activation

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

glucose fructosebisphosphate

G3P pyruvate

NAD+

ADPATP

2

2 2

22

4 4

2

ADP

NADH

ATP

Energy harvestGlucose activation

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

electroncarriers

Krebscycle

Electrontransport chain

Glycolysis

acetylCoA

glucoseglycerol

aminoacids

fatscomplex

carbohydrates proteins

fatty acids pyruvate

(mitochondrion)

(cytoplasm)

synthesis

breakdown

electroncarriers

Krebscycle

Electrontransport chain

Glycolysis

acetylCoA

acetylCoA

glucoseglycerol

aminoacids

glucoseglycerol

aminoacids

fatscomplex

carbohydrates proteinsfatscomplex

carbohydrates proteins

fatty acids pyruvatefatty acids pyruvate

(mitochondrion)

(cytoplasm)

synthesis

breakdown

synthesis

breakdown

What is next?

What happens when

no O2 is present?

Why would this happen?

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid when no oxygen is available.Builds up in muscles during strenuous exercise.

Why do we hurt after strenuous exercise?

Alcoholic Fermentation

2 step process to change pyruvic acid to ethanol.Wine, beer, and bread.

Another Example

This fermentation process, rather than producing lactic acid, produces ethanol commonly referred to as alcohol and CO2 from pyruvic acid.

electroncarriers

Krebscycle

Electrontransport chain

Glycolysis

acetylCoA

glucoseglycerol

aminoacids

fatscomplex

carbohydrates proteins

fatty acids pyruvate

(mitochondrion)

(cytoplasm)

synthesis

breakdown

electroncarriers

Krebscycle

Electrontransport chain

Glycolysis

acetylCoA

acetylCoA

glucoseglycerol

aminoacids

glucoseglycerol

aminoacids

fatscomplex

carbohydrates proteinsfatscomplex

carbohydrates proteins

fatty acids pyruvatefatty acids pyruvate

(mitochondrion)

(cytoplasm)

synthesis

breakdown

synthesis

breakdown

What is next?

When O2 present –

where does pyruvate go?

Moving from Glycolysis to the Citric Acid Cycle

Large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria make it highly permeable to pyruvic acid molecules

As pyruvate is moving from the cytosol to the mitochondrion, a microenzyme removes one carbon and two oxygen from each molecule, producing Aceytl

CoA (2C).

Krebs Cycle aka Citric Acid Cycle

Each cycle produces:1 ATP 3 NADH & 3 H+ ions 2 CO2 1 FADH2 (energy molecule)

ATP

ADP

C C _ CoAacetyl CoA

C CO2

C C Cpyruvate

C CO22

Formation ofacetyl CoA

coenzyme A

FADH2

NAD+ NADH

FAD

3

3 NAD+

NADH

coenzyme A

Krebscycle

ATP

ADP

C C _ CoAacetyl CoA

C CO2

C C Cpyruvate

C CO22

Formation ofacetyl CoA

coenzyme A

FADH2

NAD+ NADH

FAD

3

3 NAD+

NADH

coenzyme A

Krebscycle

+ 3H+

Biology Homework for week of Feb 21 - 25

Mon Muscle Fatigue Analysis

Tues Photo/Resp. Review Wks

Weds IRT Field Trip-Bring LunchReview

Th Ch. 9 Test Today

Fri Genetics 101

The Electron Transport Chain:

Most of the energy locked in the original glucose molecule will be released by the ETC.

Electron TransportNetwork of electron-carrying proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The proteins pass the electrons from one to the next. Produces 32-34 ATP!

Another look: Glycolysis

– Breaks glucose (6 C) into pyruvate (3 C)

– Anaerobic– Makes 2 ATP

Citric Acid Cycle– Starts Acetyl CoA– Happens inside mitochondria– Aerobic– Makes 2 ATP, 2 CO2 & electron

carriers Electron Transport Chain

(ETC)– Uses electron carries to make A

LOT of ATP (36 or 38)– Happens in mitochondrial

membranes– Aerobic

electroncarriers

Krebscycle

Electrontransport chain

Glycolysis

acetylCoA

glucoseglycerol

aminoacids

fatscomplex

carbohydrates proteins

fatty acids pyruvate

(mitochondrion)

(cytoplasm)

synthesis

breakdown

electroncarriers

Krebscycle

Electrontransport chain

Glycolysis

acetylCoA

acetylCoA

glucoseglycerol

aminoacids

glucoseglycerol

aminoacids

fatscomplex

carbohydrates proteinsfatscomplex

carbohydrates proteins

fatty acids pyruvatefatty acids pyruvate

(mitochondrion)

(cytoplasm)

synthesis

breakdown

synthesis

breakdown

glucose oxygen

O O6

energyreleased

OHH6

water

CO O6carbondioxide

Burning glucose

glucose

O O6

oxygenOHH6

water

energy

CO O6

carbondioxide

Photosynthesis

Why do we hurt after strenuous exercise?

Explain the Relationship between Muscle Fatigue and Cellular

Respiration

Pre-Lab QuestionsDescribe some situations when we are unable to maintain or supply the demand for oxygen for certain muscles?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Can muscles move (contract) without moving our joints? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration, and anaerobic respiration lactic (acid fermentation). How much more energy does the aerobic respiration produce? How are the reactants delivered to the cell? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O +36 ATP

Sugar (glucose) → Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (ATP)

Comparision