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Respiration•The respiratory system is a series of
tubes that brings oxygen into the body and gets rid of carbon dioxide.
•Compare inhaled and exhaled air.•What is the trend?
5 %~ 1 %16 %78 %EXHALED
0.03 %~ 1 %21 %78 %INHALED
CO2ArO2N2GAS
Breathing (Ventilation)• Inhalation
▫The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.
▫The chest cavity enlarges.▫The pressure in the lungs decreases.▫ (Bolye’s Law) ↑ volume = ↓ pressure ▫Air rushes into the lungs.
• Exhalation▫The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax.▫The chest cavity decreases in size.▫The pressure in the lungs increases.▫ (Bolye’s Law) ↓ volume = ↑ pressure▫Air rushes out of the lungs.
The diaphragm is a curved sheet of smooth muscle which separates the thorax from the abdomen. When it contracts, the diaphragm flattens, which INCREASES the volume of the THORAX, which then EXPANDS the lungs. Contracting the diaphragm therefore is associated with breathing IN, NOT OUT.
trachea bronchus (2)
bronchiole (thousands)
Diagram:
6
12
nostril
mouth
larynx
lung
bronchus
nasal cavity
pharynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchiole
alveolidiaphragm
•What pathway does air follow as you inhale?
nasal cavity or mouth
pharynx (throat)
larynx and vocal cords
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
•What pathway does air follow as you exhale?
nasal cavity or mouth
pharynx (throat)
larynx and vocal cords
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
Air Processing• Blood vessels in your nasal cavity and
respiratory passages warm the air.• Hairs in your nose trap dust and debris.• Mucous in your nasal cavity and respiratory
passages trap dust and germs.• Cilia in your respiratory passages sweep mucous
up out of lungs.
Gas Exchange• In the alveoli, oxygen diffuses into blood vessels
and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood vessels into the alveoli.
Constriction/tightening of the airways causing less air to flow into the lungs
Cells in the airways might make more mucus than usual.
Asthma
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
Triggered by allergens such as…..exercise, strong odours, strong emotion, weather……
Corrected by brochodiators (puffer) which are medications that open up the airways…..
Asthma
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is the inflammation of the alveoli.
Infection from viruses, bacteria or inhaled irritants (cigarette smoke) causes the alveoli to become inflamed and filled with mucus which makes it difficult to breath.
Symptoms include difficulty breathing, cough, wheezing chest pain and fatigue.
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
Viruses, bacteria or inhaled irritants infect the epithelium of the bronchi, resulting in inflammation and increased secretion of mucus.
Bronchitis
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
Viruses, bacteria or inhaled irritants infect the epithelium of the bronchioles, resulting in inflammation and increased secretion of mucus.
Bronchiolitis
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
Circulation• The circulatory
system distributes nutrients and oxygen to all of the body’s cells, removes waste from cells, and regulates the body’s temperature.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE8tGkP5_tc
Blood• Blood is composed
of cells and plasma.
• Plasma is the liquid component of blood in which blood cells are suspended.
• Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon dioxide from the body’s cells to the lungs.
• Hemoglobin is complex protein found in red blood cells that contains an iron molecule.
• The main function of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, and to exchange the oxygen for carbon dioxide.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LjLFrmKTSA
•An antibody, a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, called an antigen.
•Antibodies recognize and latch onto antigens and mark them to be removed from the body.
Blood Types
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttjn1jVACk8
universal acceptor
universal donor
White blood cells fight infections.
Platelets allow the blood to clot when blood vessels are broken.
Blood Vessels
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart.• Veins carry blood towards the heart.
• As your heart pumps blood through your body, you can feel a pulsing in some of the blood vessels close to the skin's surface, such as in your wrist, neck, or upper arm.
Pulse Points on the Body
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
• Counting your pulse rate is a simple way to find out how fast your heart is beating.
• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. Their walls are only one cell thick.
• Capillaries supply oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the body, and remove carbon dioxide and wastes.
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
thick
small opening
thin
large opening
single cell
The Heart• The heart has 4
chambers:• The right chambers
receive deoxygenated blood from the body and pump it to the lungs.
• The left chambers receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and pump it to the body.
the right atrium
receives the oxygen-poor blood from the body
the right ventricle
pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
right atrium
right ventricle
the left atrium
receives the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
the left ventricle
pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body
left atrium
left ventricle
Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs when one or more of the arteries supplying your heart with oxygen-rich blood (coronary arteries) become blocked.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest
• Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating.
• If this happens, blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital organs.
• A sudden cardiac arrest victim's chance of survival decreases 10% with each passing minute after collapse.
• Therefore, the chance of survival is 0% after 10 minutes.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdemKH_v_aI
Nowadays schools, places of worships, gyms, museums, concert halls, etc ... have defibrillators available in case of a cardiac emergency.by choice.
Defibrillators