7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 1/14

 

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 2/14

 

IntroductionInfection of the respiratory tract aredescribed acc. To the anatomic area

of involvement The upper respiratory tract, or upper airway,

consist of the oronasopharynx, the pharynx, the

larynx and the upper part of the trachea.The lower respiratory tract consist of the lower

trachea, main stem bronchi, segmental bronchi,sub segmental bronchioles terminal bronchiolesand alveoli.

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 3/14

 

Common Clinical Features 

Cough

Dyspnea

Expectoration [ Sputum]

  Chest in drawing

Chest pain

Cyanosis

Respiratory Sound like :!hee"ing

Stridor 

Snoring

#runting 

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 4/14

 

$cute Respiratory %n&ection

• ARI and its complications are most frequentcondition of acute illness in infants and

children.

• I India, ARI is one ma!or cause of childrendeath.

• It is also one of the ma!or reasons for which

children are brought to the hospital and healthfacilities.

• About "#$ of patient death in pediatric ward is

due of ARI

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 5/14

 

Classifcation • %epending upon the site of infection of respiratory

tract, ARI can be classified as follows&'

Acute upper respiratory infection &'

(ommon cold, rhinitis, asopharyngitis,

 pharyngitis and otitis media.

 

Acute lower respiratory infection&'

)piglottitis, laryngitis, bronchitis,

 pneumonias, bronchiolitis. 

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 6/14

 

Depending upon the anatomical

in'ol'ement o& ling theclassi&ication include the

&ollowing :

 *ronchopneumonia

+obar pneumonia

neumonitis 

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 7/14 

CausativeCausative 

organismorganism• *acterial &' neumococcus, -taphylococcus,

streptococcus, . Influen/a, ). coli.

• 0iral &' Influen/a, 1easles, (hic2enpox

• 1ycoplasma

• 3ungal &' (andidasis• roto/al

• 1iscellaneous &' Aspiration neumonia,

(hemical neumonia etc.

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 8/14 

•  asal %ischarge

• (ough

• 3ever 

• 1alaise• Anorexia

• -ore throat

• Irritability

• (hest ain• (hills

• Tachycardia

• Respiratory distress

• )ar problem 

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 9/14 

$cute (ronchitis :)e'er

Dry Cough

!hee"ing

*ild Constitutional Symptoms

Cough (ecome producti'e a&ter + days. Some

tachypnea is o&ten present

,n $uscultation -ronchi and coarse crepitation are

&ound '

  $cute (ronchiolitis:Se'ere illness with se'ere Dyspnea

 Cough

 *ild to moderate &e'er is usually present

Chest retraction dehydration

Crepitation and diminished -reath sound

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 10/14

 

Detail /istory taking$uscultation o& chest sound help in

diagnosis.

(lood test01C

D1C

ESR

  Chest 2 Ray 

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 11/14

 

3leural E&&usion

Emphysema

  1ung a-scess

CC)

Respiratory &ailure*etastasis Spread may cause

*eningitis

Septic arthritis

,steomyelitis

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 12/14

 

Management0reatment upon type o& illness se'erity o& in&ection

and associated complication.

0he Standard treatment &or childhood $R% is

recommended -y nation $R% Control programespecially &or 3rimary health setting.

0he child with 4 no pneumonia5 can -e treated at home

with remedies &or symptomatic treatment [ &e'er and

Cough] and does not re6uired anti-iotic therapy.

  0he child with 4 pneumonia5 can -e treated in out patient

department with oral anti-iotic and other symptomatic

treatment like antipyretic and (ronchodilator.

0he child with 4 Se'ere pneumonia5 Should -e

hospitali"ed urgently and re6uire parenteral anti-iotic

with symptomatic treatment.

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 13/14

 

•Supportive general measureBed rest

isolation

suctioning to remove secretions fromtracheobronchial tree adequate fluid and dietary

inta2e

 hygienic measures, clearing of air passage and nosemonitoring of child condition

chest physiotherapy and treatment of complications.

7/21/2019 Respiratory Disease

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiratory-disease-56da79192fb05 14/14