Respiratory System

Chapter 4

Perry C. Hanavan, Au.D.

Question

What is the function the respiratory system?

A.Absorb moisture

B.Breathing

C.Speech

D.All the above

E.B and C

Function

• Life support– Exchange CO2 with O2

• Speech– Energy source

Question

What is the thorax?

A.Mouth

B.Lungs

C.Chest

D.Abdomen

E.Throat

Question

What is the function of the alveoli?

A.Exchange N2 with O2

B.Exchange CO2 with O2

C.Exchange CO2 with H20

D.Exchange N2 with H2O2

E.None of these make sense?

Question

Which lung do you think might be larger?

A.Right

B.Left

C.Neither

D.Does it matter

Question

What is the major muscle of respiration?

A.Internal intercostals

B.External intercostals

C.Neck muscles

D.Diaphragm

E.Internal respiratory muscle

Basic Components

• Thoracic cavity– Rib cage– Spinal column

• Neck– Muscles– Pharynx– Larynx

• Abdomen– Muscles– Viscera

Spinal Column

• Spinal Column

• Abnormal column

Thorax

• Gross Anatomy

• X-ray of thorax

• Pleura

• Breathing animations

• Respiratory muscles

Lungs

• Gross Anatomy

• Alveoli

• Alveoli Air Pressure

• Lung Model

• Breathing

Healthy vs. Unhealthy Lungs

Spirometer

Question

Can you exhale all the air in your lungs?

True

False

Lung Volumes & Capacities

Lung Volumes:

•TV

•IRV

•ERV

•RV

Lung Capacities:

•VC

•FRC

•TLC

Question

The air you normally breath in and out is:

A.VC

B.TV

C.IRV

D.TLC

Question

All the air in you lungs is:

A.VC

B.TV

C.IRV

D.TLC

Lung Volumes and Vital Capacity

Speech Breathing

• More complex than quiet breathing– Coordination of breathing with linguistic

utterances• Appropriate place to inhale• Appropriate amount of air to inhale & exhale• Prosodic variations

Question

Average number of breaths per minute in an adult:

A.40-60

B.20-40

C.12-18

D.1-12

E.More than 60

Lung Developmental Changes

Lung Developmental Changes

Lung Developmental Changes

Life vs. Speech Breathing

• Life– Nose– Inhale 40% of time– Exhale 60% of time– 10 % of vital capacity

– Muscles of thorax and diaphragm

• Speech– Mouth– Inhale 10% of time– Exhale 90% of time– 20-25 % of vital

capacity– Thoracic and

abdominal muscles

exhale inhale exhale in

In speech breathing we inhale:

A.10 percent of the time

B.40 percent of the time

C.60 percent of the time

D.90 percent of the time

E.50 percent of the time

In life breathing we exhale:

A. 10 percent of the time

B. 60 percent of the time

C. 40 percent of the time

D. 90 percent of the time

E. 50 percent of the time

Patterns

Measurement Devices• Pneumatochograph used

to measure airflow

• Plethysmograph suit monitors the movements of both the abdomen and ribcage

• Magnetometer is two coils of wire which generate an electromagnetic field

Diseases

• Parkinson's disease

• Cerebellar disease

• Cerebral palsy

• Mechanical ventilation

• Voice problems

• Hearing problems