RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CHAPTER # 7 BY: PRECIOUS BLANTON

Introduction: The human body is an amazing and complex

machine. Each system allows you to be able to do so many things read, breathe, see, walk, hear, smell, think, feel, taste, and so much more. Also, the respiratory system includes the upper respiratory segments also called the respiratory passages and the lower respiratory parts made of the lower conducting airways and the lungs. A brief review of the normal anatomy and histology of the different components of the respiratory system is important in order to understand the basic pathologies of the organs.

NASAL CAVITY The nasal cavities

conditions the air to be received by the areas of the respiratory tract and noses. Owing to the large surface area provided by the conchae, the air passing through the nasal cavity is warmed or cooled to within 1 degree of body temperature. In addition, the air is humidified, and dust and other particulate matter is removed by vibrissae, short, thick hairs, present in the vestibule. The cilia of the respiratory epithelium move the particulate matter towards the pharynx where it is digested.

PHARYNX , LARYNX, AND TRACHEA

Your pharynx (throat) gathers air after it passes through your nose and then the air is passed down to your trachea (windpipe).

Larynx- breathing and speech

With the trachea is held open by “incomplete ringsof cartilage.” Without these rings your trachea might close off and air would not be able to get to and from your lungs.

BROCHIAL TUBES, ALVEOLI, AND BRONCHIOLES.

Brochial- is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.No gas exchange takes place in this part of the lungs.

Alveoil- There are 5 or 6 alveolar sacs associated with each alveolar duct. The alveolus is the basic anatomical unit of gas exchange in the lung.

LUNGS

The lungs are a pair of organs in the chest which are primarily responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air we breathe and the blood. There are many conditions that can impact the health of your lungs; Asthma, COPD, Tuberculosis, Bronchitis, Pleurisy and Pneumonia.

Locate Those Lungs Your lungs are in your chest, and they are so large that they

take up most of the space in there. You have two lungs, but they aren't the same size the way your eyes or nostrils are. Instead, the lung on the left side of your body is a bit smaller than the lung on the right. This extra space on the left leaves room for your heart.

Your lungs are protected by your rib cage, which is made up of 12 sets of ribs. These ribs are connected to your spine in your back and go around your lungs to keep them safe. Beneath the lungs is the diaphragm (say: dy-uh-fram), a dome-shaped muscle that works with your lungs to allow you to inhale (breathe in) and exhale (breathe out) air.

LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES

Lung volumes refer to physical differences in lung volume, while lung capacities represent different combinations of lung volumes, usually in relation to inhalation and exhalation.

The average pair of human lungs can hold about 6 liters of air, but only a small amount of this capacity is used during normal breathing.

Breathing mechanism in mammals is called "tidal breathing". Tidal breathing means that air goes into the lungs the same way that it comes out.

An average human breathes some 9-20 times per minute.

LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES TAKE A CLOSER LOOK!

RESPIRATORY MUSCLES

Respiratory muscles – The air moves in and out of the lungs due to the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure within the chest cavity.

Diaphragm- which is the muscle separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm it moves downward. Also, air then flows into the lungs, inhalation, to equalize the pressure.

Intercostals muscle – it’s between the ribs assists in inhalation by raising the rib cage to further enlarge the thoracic cavity.

RESPIRATORY RATE.

Respiratory rate: The number of breaths per minute or, more formally, the number of movements indicative of inspiration and expiration per unit time. In practice, the respiratory rate is usually determined by counting the number of times the chest rises or falls per minute. By whatever means, the aim is to determine if the respirations are normal, abnormally fast (tachypnea), abnormally slow (bradypnea), or nonexistent (apnea).

HOW TO KEEP YOUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM HEALTHY.

What you should do. Eat healthy Get a annual doctor checkups. Exercise moreThings you shouldn’t do. Smoke Being around people who smoke. Being around thick polluted air and dusty. Don’t do drugs.

CONCLUSION

Please remember how important the human respiratory system is .It is a well-developed and complex system involving many different organs such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea and the lungs. Though the actual physiological function of breathing begins only at birth, the development of the respiratory tract, the diaphragm and the lungs occur much earlier in the embryonic stage. Also, the respiratory system is responsible for breathing. Breathing moves air in and out of the lungs.