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1 REPORT No: 9/ 2006 RETAIL BUSINESS IN TURKEY PREPARED BY THE SWISS EMBASSY, ANKARA ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS September 2006
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REPORT No: 9/ 2006

RETAIL BUSINESS IN

TURKEY

PREPARED BY

THE SWISS EMBASSY, ANKARA ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS

September 2006

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Ref. 512.0/dul/smx/bsg Ankara, 20 September 2006

Table of Contents I. Turkish Retail Sector: An Overview ........................................................................... 3 II. New Hypermarket Bill ……………………………………………………………………….4 III. Turkey’s Attractiveness for Global Retailers ........................................................... 5 IV. Final Remarks............................................................................................................. 6 V. Annex: Turkish Retail Sector and Turkish Council of Shopping Centres and Retailers (presentation)

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I. Turkish Retail Sector: An Overview The organised retailing in Turkey is one of the fastest growing sectors and it is the most open to new investments. The sector has been growing permanently both in food and textile retailing during the last 15 years. Other than marriages between local companies, the foreign chains have been closely monitoring developments in the market and develop plans to expand their investments further. Besides the national chains, many entrepreneurs open new shopping malls, supermarkets and try to become chains to take more shares from this lucrative market. The experts estimate that the total business volume of the retail sector in Turkey has reached $70 billion today. The share of the organised retail business, however, is currently $30 billion1. According to Turkish Council of Shopping Centres and Retailers (TCSCR), the growth in the sector was 10% in 2005 and the expectations for 2006 and 2007 are around 7-8%. The Council has 152 members which generate $10 billion of total sales in the retail market. Referring to a report prepared by McKinsey & Company in June 2003, the number of hypermarkets, super markets and small markets grew in the average by 29%, 22% and 4% respectively between 1996-2001. On the other hand, the traditional corner shops, which are called “bakkal” in Turkish, shrunk by 5% in the same period. It has been observed that, in parallel to the increase in number, the business volume of organised chains rose considerably within five years (1996-2001). The share of hypermarkets in the total sales increased from 2% in 1996 to 9% in 2001. Supermarkets followed also an upward trend and their shares in the total business volume grew from 10% to 19% in the same time period. In return, the business volume of the traditional shops eroded and fell from 45% (1996) to 35% (2001). Although the organised chains have been increasing considerably in the last 10 years, the retail sector is still dominated by traditional shops with around 60% market share. Traditional shops keep their strong position mainly in the food market and hold 80% of this sector. On the other hand, the food currently occupies only 25% of the total sales of organised retailing where 75% belongs to non-food items like textiles, electronics, white goods etc2. Beware of this fact, some organised chains have been developing projects to cooperate with traditional retailers like including them in their supply chain in order to amplify their access to consumers. Some others, on the other hand, open mini-markets in the neighbourhood to compete with traditional shops. The urbanisation rate in Turkey is quite high and the yearly change in population hits 10% in some cities like Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara and Bursa. This rapid demographic change results in around one third of retailers to accumulate in these four regions. Today, it is estimated that the total number of selling points (including traditional and organised retailers) in Turkey is around 160’000. The consumption behaviour in the sector has been broken down to 65% food and 35% non-food items2. The retail sector also helps to shoulder unemployment burden of the country. The sector provides employment to 2.5 million people. The organised retailers currently employ more than 300’000 people. This modern retailing is expected to create 150-250 thousands additional jobs in the short to mid-term should it keeps up the current pace in the future3.

1 Dünya newspaper, February 17, 2006. 2 Dünya newspaper, July 19, 2005. 3 Weekly newspaper of Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO), August 11, 2006.

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Another positive aspect of the organised retailing is its role in the fight against unregistered economy which constitutes roughly half of the whole Turkish economy according to some economists. The traditional retailing, however, in which unregistered transactions are highly dominant, is another member of the shadow economy. The VAT alone which amounts billions of Turkish lira paid by hypermarkets and supermarkets is important source of income for the state. Increasing use of credit cards in payments has also an added value for the financial system and it is a useful tool to control commercial activities. Shopping Centres Shopping centres are shining stars of the retail business in Turkey. The country has met the concept in 1987 for the first time. The first shopping centre (Galleria), opened in Istanbul, was hosting mainly textile and apparel shops under one roof. Today the number of these centres has reached 117 and one third is found in Istanbul. 58 new centres are under construction and 89 are planned. Their concept and the standards have caught international levels and some of them even received international awards. They provide a variety of alternatives to consumers from textile to electronics, furniture and food. Around 97% of the sales in the shopping centres are registered4. On-line sales5 On-line sales have been growing in parallel to increasing number of internet users in the country. Although the available data is not official and based on individual estimations of companies operating in the market, the direct sales to final consumers (B2C), not total e-commerce, has reached $150 million in 2005. According to sector experts, the market has recorded 100% growth per year by 2005. It is assumed that this upward trend will be kept in the foreseen future. Referring to an e-commerce company’s (www.hepsiburada.com) declaration to the press, computer has the highest share in its on-line sales by 40.45%. It is followed by telephone (25.5%), home electronics (13.48%), sport products (5.91%), stationary (3.39%) and health & beauty products (2.29%). 80% of their clients are university graduates and in the 26-34 age group. A presentation prepared by TCSCR for the Turkish Retail Sector has been given in the annex. II. New Hypermarket Bill6 In the last two years, Turkey has tried to bring some standards to hypermarkets in order to protect the traditional small entrepreneurs and local chains from the tough competition of big players in the market. For this aim, a bill was drafted by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. However, it had to be withdrawn in May 2006 from the Prime Ministry’s office for changes, before being submitted to the Parliament, because of the critics of artisans, professional organisations and the European Union. The Minister of Industry and Trade declared to the press that Turkey had reviewed German, Italian and British versions of hypermarket legislation and noted that these countries gave permission for construction of hypermarkets only in commercial areas in accordance with local zoning regulations

4 Ekonomist, weekly Turkish economic magazine, September 3-9, 2006. 5 Dünya newspaper, September 16, 2005. 6 Turkish Daily News (TDN), May 20, 2006.

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and municipal code. He stated that the residential areas were not convenient for hypermarket construction and ministry was planning to update the bill in line with the municipal construction regulations. The TCSCR describes the new law efforts as copy-and paste works and evaluates the new regulations as an obstacle before the progress of organised retailers. 7 III. Turkey’s attractiveness for global retailers The foreign investors have been penetrating in the Turkish retail business by joint ventures, acquisition and/or new investments. Many Turks living in big towns are already familiar with internationally well known retailers like Carrefour(SA), Tesco (Kipa), Metro Group (Real and Praktiker), Bauhaus, B&Q (Koçtaş) and Marks&Spencer. These foreign brands and others have been in tough competition to take over the lead in the Turkish market. In order to fortify their positions or to expand further in order to gain market leadership, they either make new investments or acquire local chains. CarrefourSA, established a few years ago as a Turco-French joint venture, acquired local chain Gima and Endi stores in 2005. Tesco, the British retailer bought the local supermarket chain Kipa three years ago. Migros, was a Swiss retailer when it first came to Turkey fifty years ago but now the admiral ship of Koç Holding in the retail business, bought the majority shares of another local chain (Tansaş) in 2005. According to press reports, Metro group is making new investment plans worth of $300 million for the next few years. Wal-Mart (USA) and Hard-Discount (German) are among the other foreign retailers blinking at Turkey. According to Washington-based management consulting firm A.T. Kearney’s annual study of retail investment attractiveness8, Turkey has been ranked the 10 th most attractive market in the 2006 Global Retail Development Index (GRDI) for mass retailers and food retailers seeking overseas growth among 30 emerging markets. India, Russia, Vietnam, Ukraine and China have occupied the top five ranks. The report states that “…Turkey remains attractive due to its relatively high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, large population (70 million) and relatively fragmented retail market. The top five retailers in the world account 20% of the market. Annual sales grew by 12% in 2005. Also the country’s increasing urbanisation and prime location to supply other Eastern European markets make long-term potential attractive”. Published annually since 2001, the GRDI helps retailers prioritize their global development strategies by ranking emerging countries based on a set of 25 variables including economic and political risks, retail market attractiveness, retail saturation levels, and the difference between GDP growth and retail growth.

7 Dünya newspaper, February 17, 2006. 8 Turkish Daily News (TDN), April 30, 2006.

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IV. Final Remarks The recent studies have shown that the number of retail corners having only one or few branches at local districts has been increasing due to logistics and price convenience compared to traditional channels. Organised retail has an upward trend in general. The number of shopping centres has been increasing. Besides individual investors, which were high in the sector by now, the corporate investors have been entering into the market by strong funding. The general trend in the sector is positive and it has quite a high growth potential. However, this potential highly ties up with the general economic conditions of the country. The recent economic fluctuations in Turkey have forced the sector to be more conservative about the expected growth rate in 2006 and 8% figure has been scaled down to 5%. The sector experts assume the same growth rate in 2007 (i.e. 5%) but also underline possible impacts of unforeseen changes in the economic environment. The sector may need some order and guidance to digest its wild and uncontrolled growth of the recent years but one thing is clear: it keeps providing attractive opportunities for local and foreign investors. According to the TCSCR9, the leaseable area at shopping centers has reached 2 million m2 in 2005 (28 m2 per 1000 people), but it is still far below the level of the Europe. The TCSCR expects this capacity to be doubled in five years. The Council warns investors, however, not to pile up in certain areas.

9 Ekonomist, weekly Turkish economic magazine, September 3-9, 2006 and the annex.

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1

Turkish Retail SectorTurkish Retail Sector

andand

TurkishTurkish CouncilCouncil ofofShoppingShopping CentersCenters

and Retailersand Retailers

►Trading volume has reached 70 billion USD

► It is equal to approximately 20% of GNP

►12% of employment (app. 2.5 million people)

►160,000 selling points

►42% of consumer spendings (Euromonitor)

Sectoral indicatorsSectoral indicators

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Macroeconomic forecastsMacroeconomic forecasts

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

• GNP % 5.50 5.50 5.30 5.20 5.20

• Private % 5.70 5.80 5.10 4.90 4.90

consumption

Modern/Modern/OrganizedOrganized retailingretailing

• Volume 30%• Selling points 10,000• Employment 300,000

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Traditional retailingTraditional retailing

• Volume 70%• Selling points 150,000• Employment 2.2 million• Tax loss 8-10 billion USD

EmploymentEmployment in modernin modern retailingretailing

►Organized retailers employ more than300,000 people

► Organized retailers are planning to employ 200,000-250,000 new staff in the next five years.

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4

11.9

24.5

9.2

11.3

6.93.1

1,459

2,303

4,056

5,331

22,42238,666

66.9

Population(million)

Per capita income(USD)

E

D

C2

C1

B

A

Belgium

Switzerland

Denmark

Norway

Polland

25,710

28,766

25,600

28,140

9,900

10

7

5

4

40

per capita income ( USD ) Population( million )

Overall economic growthOverall economic growth / /

Socio economic situationSocio economic situation in in TurkeyTurkey

Similarities between Turkish and Similarities between Turkish and European Retailing MarketsEuropean Retailing Markets

Hipermarkets

>2.500 m2

Others

Europe Turkey

49,3

16,7

25,7

24,0

12,0

23,3

13,0

36,0

0102030405060708090

100

1980 2002

54,6 51,3

12,1 13,8

23,1 24,9

10,2 10,0

0102030405060708090

100

2002 2004

Markets (%) Markets (%)

Hipermarkets

>2.500 m2

Largesupermarkets

1.000-2.500m2

Small supermarkets

400-1.000m2

Others

Small

supermarkets

400-1.000m2

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ShoppingShopping

CentersCenters

Shopping CentersShopping CentersLeaseble areaLeaseble area

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Shopping CentersShopping Centers

Under construction Planned

Istanbul 30 40

Other 28 49

► The first Shopping Center: 1987, Galleria – Istanbul

► 117 Shopping Centers in total

► 40 in Istanbul, 77 in Anatolia

Shopping CentersShopping CentersInvestmentsInvestments

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Shopping CentersShopping Centers

Shopping CentersShopping CentersLeaseble area perLeaseble area per 10001000 peoplepeople

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Turkish CouncilTurkish Councilofof

Shopping Centers Shopping Centers and Retailersand Retailers

►Representing a revenue of more than 10billion dollars

► Shopping Centers,

► Food Retailers,

► Department and Chain Stores

are all represented within the association

TCSCRTCSCRThe structureThe structure

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► The leading companies are membersof TCSCR

► Members manage more than 5,000selling points

TCSCRTCSCRThe structureThe structure

Our missionOur mission is to institutionalize and modernize the traditional identity of the retail sector.

Our Our objectiveobjective is to ensure that the retail sector becomes one of the leading sectorsof Turkey

TCSCRTCSCRMission and objectiveMission and objective

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“Retailing is literally starting Now”

• Turkey is a developing economy,

• The rapid growth of per capita net income,

• 10% of growth in 2005, 7-8% of growth estimate in the next two years,

• 89 shopping center projects are planned, 58 shopping centers are under construction,

• Leaseble area has reached 2 million m2 in 2005,

• While 120-730 m2 per 1000 people in Europe, only 28 m2 in Turkey

Organized Retailing Sector is giving signals of a breakthrough

TCSCR 2006 Retail Summit is the starting point of this move

TCSCRTCSCR activitiesactivities in 2006in 2006TCSCR 2006 TCSCR 2006 Retail SummitRetail Summit

Scientific Research Platform was established to support and encourage the scientific researches on:

► The development of Turkish economy and the role of organized retail sector in Turkish economy,

► The developments in the shopping areas,

► The vocational education in retailing.

The subject of research in 2004-2005 was:

“Registered-formal Economy and Retailing’’

TCSCRTCSCR activitiesactivities in 2006in 2006Scientific ResearchScientific Research PlatformPlatform

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Informal economy and Informal economy and TCSCRTCSCR’’s approachs approach

►It’s estimated that informal economy accounts approximately 40% of the national income

►Total tax loss out of informal economy reached 12 billion YTL in 2001

TCSCR TCSCR Present AgendaPresent Agenda

►Retail Index; by ACNielsen and TCSCR cooperation

►Sectoral Productivity Research; Price Waterhouse Coopers

►Real estate investors are focused on Turkey

►Institutionalization activities of traditional retail sector

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Thank YouThank You

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C O N S U L A T G E N E R A L D E F R A N C E A I S T A N B U L - M I S S I O N É C O N O M I Q U E

La distribution moderne en Turquie (alimentaire)

Actualisation au 29 décembre 2005 © MINEFI – DGTPE Prestation réalisée sous système de management de la qualité certifié AFAQ ISO 9001

Généralités

Principaux indicateurs

(estimations à fin 2005)

Croissance 5%

PIB (milliards USD) 358

PIB par hab. (USD) 4.965

Population (millions) 72

Taux moyen YTL/USD 1,36

Taux d’inflation 8%

Exports (milliards USD) 72

Imports (milliards USD) 115

Dette extérieure (% PIB) 58,3%

Taux de chômage 9,7%

Source : Institut Turc des Statistiques

Répartition des revenus par classes

socio-économiques (2002)

Groupe Nombre de

foyers (000)

Revenu foyer

/ an (USD)

A 148 15 662

B 647 12 704

C1 1 723 6 852

C2 1 953 5 101

D 3 890 3 652

E 1 360 2 291

Source : AC Nielsen

Avec une superficie de près de 800.000 km², soit une fois et demie la France

(dont 3% en Europe et 97% en Asie), la Turquie, de par sa situation

géographique, revêt une importance stratégique de premier plan, tant d’un

point de vue politique que commercial. A partir du début des années 80, le

gouvernement a progressivement organisé la libéralisation des échanges et

l’ouverture du pays aux investisseurs étrangers.

La population, en croissance rapide, est jeune. Lors du dernier recensement,

les moins de 15 ans représentaient 28% du total. On compte 1,5 million de

naissances par an et la taille moyenne des ménages s’étend de 5 personnes

pour les catégories les plus défavorisées à 3,5 pour les familles les plus

aisées.

L’urbanisation s’est accélérée au cours des 3 dernières décennies.

Aujourd’hui environ 65% des Turcs sont citadins, ce qui représente plus de

45 millions d’individus. 36 provinces sur 81 ont, à ce jour, une population

supérieure à 100.000 habitants.

Mesuré en dollars courants, le PIB / hab. se monte à 4.965 USD et apprécié

en parité de pouvoir d’achat le revenu / hab. s’élève à près de 7.400 USD

(2004). Ce revenu moyen masque des déséquilibres considérables d’une

province à l’autre et entre les différentes classes socio-économiques. Les 5

plus grandes villes (Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Kocaeli et Bursa) où résident

30% de la population, génèrent 45% du PIB. La contribution d’Istanbul (12

millions d’habitants) au PIB est de l’ordre de 21%. Au sein même de ces

grandes villes, la répartition du PIB par quartier laisse apparaître de très fortes

disparités. La distribution moderne joue un rôle plus important dans ces villes

plus riches et aux mœurs plus occidentalisées. Celles-ci constituent, en effet,

des points d’ancrage obligés pour les principales enseignes et concentrent

actuellement plus de la moitié des formes modernes de distribution. Quant

aux 10 provinces les plus pauvres (toutes localisées dans l’Est du pays sauf

Bartin), elles contribuent chacune pour 0,1% au PIB du pays.

La répartition déséquilibrée de la richesse est encore plus flagrante si l’on

s’arrête sur la répartition entre les différentes classes socio-économiques.

Selon les dernières recherches disponibles menées par AC Nielsen, les deux

tranches supérieures, soit environ 15% de la population, perçoivent à elles

seules plus de 50% des revenus du pays.

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Le secteur

Répartition par région des dépenses

pour les produits de consommation

courante (2005)

Marmara 32,4%

Egée 13,1%

Méditerranée 12,6%

Anatolie Centrale 15,9%

Mer Noire 9,2%

Anatolie du Sud Est et

Anatolie Orientale 16,8%

Turquie 100,0%

Source : Institut Turc des Statistiques

Part de marché des 3 premiers

distributeurs (2003)

Suède 95%

Pays-Bas 83%

Suisse 75%

France 66%

Portugal 57%

Allemagne 53%

Grande-Bretagne 52%

Espagne 42%

Italie 32%

Grèce 25%

Turquie 11%

Source : AC Nielsen

La distribution moderne connaît un développement soutenu depuis 1990 et

cela dans tous les secteurs. Pour autant, son niveau de développement encore

limité est évident quand on compare sa part de marché avec celle qu’elle

détient dans un pays comme la France (75%). Selon les recherches réalisées

par Tansas, sur un marché de la distribution alimentaire évalué à 24 milliards

USD, la part des formes modernes était de 31% en 2003, ce qui représente un

chiffre d’affaires de 7,4 milliards USD, soit environ 3,1% du PIB. Selon la

même source, en 2010 le marché pourrait atteindre 28 milliards USD avec

une part de 41% occupée par la distribution organisée.

Part de marché des différentes modes de distribution

Distribution organisée Distribution non organisée Marchés en plein air

2003 2006 (E) 2003 2006 (E) 2003 2006 (E)

31% 41% 44% 38% 25% 21%

Mis à part son niveau de développement encore limité, la deuxième

caractéristique de ce secteur est la multiplicité de ses acteurs. Ainsi, la part de

marché des trois premiers distributeurs est seulement de 11% en Turquie,

contre 95% en Suède, 66% en France, … (cf tableau ci-contre).

Alors que le chiffre d’affaires / m² espéré dans la grande distribution est de

10.000 USD, il oscille dans la réalité entre 3.000 et 7.000 USD selon les

opérateurs. La valeur du panier moyen serait de près de 20 à 25 USD (contre

55 à 60 USD en France).

Les marques de distributeurs (MDD) se développent en Turquie et

représentent une nouvelle dynamique pour le secteur. Plusieurs chaînes de

tailles différentes utilisent ce nouvel instrument, soit en sous-traitance soit par

auto production. Ces produits représentent entre 5 et 15% du chiffre

d’affaires suivant les opérateurs.

La distribution moderne a un bel avenir en Turquie mais il lui faudra

surmonter les problèmes fonciers et administratifs qui ont freiné le

développement de certaines enseignes. Ainsi, le pays figurait en 2004 au 8ème

rang sur la liste des marchés les plus attractifs de A.T. Kearney’s.

Les acteurs Après 12 ans de présence en Turquie, Carrefour dispose aujourd’hui de 12

hypermarchés sous l’enseigne Carrefour, 7 supermarchés sous l’enseigne

Champion et 303 magasins Discount sous l’enseigne Dia. La surface cumulée

de ces magasins atteint 180.000 m². Le partenaire local de Carrefour est le

deuxième conglomérat turc, Sabanci Holding (qui détient 40% de la filiale de

Carrefour). Ces deux groupes ont investi au total plus d’un milliard USD pour

devenir aujourd’hui le deuxième acteur du secteur de la grande distribution,

derrière Migros Turk. Pour son enseigne Dia, Carrefour a opté depuis peu

pour un développement par franchise. Les magasins Dia sont actuellement

concentrés dans 5 villes de la région Marmara. Pour pouvoir s’implanter dans

les deux autres grandes villes, Ankara et Izmir, la société a testé le modèle

franchise avec 9 entrepreneurs. Les résultats positifs l’ont encouragé à

étendre ce modèle.

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Metro (Allemagne) est présent en Turquie avec ses trois enseignes : Metro

(Cash & Carry), Real (Hypermarché) et Praktiker (grande surface de

bricolage). Il dispose actuellement de 22 magasins en Turquie dont 9 Metro,

6 Real et 7 Praktiker.

Un autre acteur important dans le créneau des hypermarchés est Kipa, créé en

1992 par une centaine d’entrepreneurs turcs. C’est une enseigne régionale

qui, avec 5 hypermarchés, représente une superficie de vente de près de

38.000 m². Sa part de marché dans la distribution organisée à Izmir s’élève à

30%. Depuis 2003, 50% de son capital est détenu par TESCO.

Active dans tous les créneaux, la chaîne Migros (entreprise d’origine suisse

désormais contrôlée par le groupe turc Koç) se détache du lot des sociétés

turques par sa stratégie agressive d’implantation et la qualité du service de

son réseau. La société contrôle actuellement 507 magasins avec une

superficie totale de 424.000 m². Sur ses 507 magasins, 62 sont implantés en

Russie, au Kazakhstan, en Azerbaïdjan et en Bulgarie.

L’année 2005 a été marquée par une série d’acquisitions. En mai, Carrefour a

acheté la chaîne Gima (avec son enseigne Endi, active dans le réseau

Discount) qui appartenait au Groupe Fiba (Finansbank). La direction de

Carrefour a déjà confirmé que les magasins Endi seront transformés en Dia.

La décision pour Gima sera prise suite à une évaluation de notoriété de cette

enseigne. En juillet, Migros a acquis 71% du capital de Tansas détenu par le

groupe Dogus.

Créneaux d’intervention des principaux acteurs

Discount Supermarché

Hard Soft Petit Moyen Grand Hypermarché

Tansas ���� ���� ����

Migros ���� ���� ���� ����

Gima ���� ���� ����

BIM ����

Carrefour ���� ���� ����

Metro ����

Tesco Kipa ����

Parts de marché (dans la distribution organisée) des principaux acteurs

Migros

14%

Tansas

8%

Gima

5%

Tesco Kipa

3%

Autres

42%

BIM

10%

Groupe Metro

9%

Groupe

Carrefour

9%

Page 22: RETAIL BUSINESS IN TURKEY€¦ · The organised retailing in Turkey is one of the fastest growing sectors and it is the most open to new investments. The sector has been growing permanently

L a d i s t r i b u t i o n m od e r n e e n T u r q u i e – 2 9 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 5 © MINEFI - DGTPE

C O N S U L A T G E N E R A L D E F R A N C E A I S T A N B U L - M I S S I O N É C O N O M I Q U E

- 4 -

La distribution hard discount est la forme de distribution qui se développe le

plus rapidement, notamment à Istanbul. Le manque de place pour la

construction de grandes surfaces et la forte densité de population aux revenus

non homogènes expliquent cette tendance. Il existe quatre enseignes

majeures : BIM dont c’est la seule activité, Sok (enseigne de MIGROS) et

Dia (enseigne de Carrefour). BIM, détenue majoritairement par trois fonds

d’investissements (Bank of America International Investment Corp., Merill

Lynch Global et World Wide Ltd.), est le leader de ce segment avec plus de

800 magasins.

Tandis que les grandes chaînes (telles que Migros ou Carrefour) se

concentrent sur les agglomérations à fort pouvoir d’achat, les chaînes

régionales renforcent leurs positions dans les provinces anatoliennes où la

distribution traditionnelle est encore dominante. Les 15 plus grands

distributeurs ont des magasins dans 60 des 81 provinces. Migros, la chaîne la

plus développée dans le pays, est implantée dans seulement 39 provinces.

Dans certaines villes, les chaînes régionales arrivent à contrôler plus de 10%

du marché. C’est le cas de Konya où OSMANLI et ADESE contrôlent à elles

deux près de 40% du marché. Selon les spécialistes, la plupart de ces chaînes

sont condamnées à disparaître, lorsque les grands distributeurs poursuivront

leur développement vers les villes anatoliennes où ils ne sont pas encore

présents.

La réglementation Le poids encore relativement faible de la grande distribution n’avait pas

nécessité, jusqu’à l’heure actuelle, la mise en place d’une législation

spécifique sur le développement des grandes surfaces. Le gouvernement turc

a récemment soumis à l’Assemblée Nationale un projet de loi visant à réguler

le développement des grandes surfaces. Selon ce projet de loi, l’autorisation

préalable sera obligatoire pour l’ouverture de nouveaux magasins dépassant

400 m². Les magasins ayant une superficie inférieure à 3.000 m² auront

besoin de l’approbation de la préfecture et ceux ayant une superficie de moins

de 15.000 m² auront besoin de l’accord de la préfecture et de la mairie. Les

points de vente dont la superficie dépassera 15.000 m² devront demander

l’autorisation du Ministère du Commerce et de l’Industrie. Un autre aspect de

la loi (qui risque d’être contesté) sera l’interdiction de l’ouverture des grandes

surfaces pendant les dimanches et les jours fériés. Actuellement, les

principaux acteurs du secteur poursuivent activement leurs efforts de

lobbying auprès du législateur …

Copyright Tous droits de reproduction réservés, sauf autorisation expresse de la Mission Economique d’Istanbul (adresser les demandes à [email protected]). Clause de non-responsabilité La ME s’efforce de diffuser des informations exactes et à jour, et corrigera, dans la mesure du possible, les erreurs qui lui seront signalées. Toutefois, elle ne peut en aucun cas être tenue responsable de l’utilisation et de l’interprétation de l’information contenue dans cette publication qui ne vise pas à délivrer des conseils personnalisés qui supposent l’étude et l’analyse de cas particuliers.

Mission Économique d’Istanbul Adresse : B.P. 46 Odakule Is Merkezi Kat. 10 ISTANBUL, 34430 BEYOGLU TURQUIE Rédigée par : Kagan SIMSEK ([email protected]) Revue par : Jérôme CHASTENET Version originelle du 11 mars 2001 Version n°3 du 29 décembre 2005


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