Retail Energy Alliance “Quick Start” Lighting Technology Procurement

Opportunities

Linda Sandahl, Carol Jones, Michael MyerPacific Northwest National Laboratory

January 25, 2008

Presentation Overview

Technology Procurement Overview– “Quick Start” project focus

Three lighting technologies to consider:– Ceramic Metal Halide– LED parking lot lighting– LED refrigerated case lighting

Questions / Discussion– Opportunity for you to ask questions and share experiences/insights

regarding the candidate lighting technologies– Submit questions/comments online during presentation

Tech Procurement Overview

• Identifying technology to pursue,• Developing Technical Specifications,• Issuing competitive solicitations,• Selecting one or more winning products, • Promoting winning products.

Technology procurement is an interactive method of pulling new energy-efficient technologies and products into the marketplace, and typically involves:

Tech Procurement Overview

Goal:• To engage in a near-term technology procurement project where high volume orders represented by the REA are sufficient to induce significant price reductions from manufacturer(s).

Why a quick-start project?• Offers REA members a chance to try a relatively straightforward technology procurement project. Focus is on lowering the price on proven technology. • Offers near-term energy savings to the REA.

A note about the lighting technologies being discussed today:• If they are questionable candidates for Quick Start projects they could be good candidates for REA Field Demonstrations, etc. , and be considered for future REA projects.

Initial REA focus: Quick-Start technology procurement

• Typically a relatively new, well established technology that is underutilized in the marketplace, often due to high initial cost

• Very low to no technology risk, and fundamental changes in process or technology are not required

• There is evidence of successful field demonstrations • Energy saving performance has been well documented, and the technology

delivers equivalent or better energy services to REA members compared to standard efficiency equipment

• Alternative products are present in the marketplace (or strong evidence that new products could enter the market)

• The technology is appropriate for one or more of the REA market sectors (general merchandise, grocery, food service, etc.)

• Increased manufacturing volume would lead to lower prices

Quick Start project characteristics:

Tech Procurement Overview

Quick-Start - Lighting?

Why Lighting?• Lighting – 30-40% of energy consumption in retail applications• Easy compared to Envelope, Mechanical• Impacts other systems – HVAC, Refrigeration• Existing programs by Utilities and Energy Efficiency Program Sponsors

(EEPS)• Factors into sales

– Directs focus, highlights items of interest– Less sales in a darkened display case

Quick-Start Phase I Options: Should we start with lighting?

Possible LightingTechnologies

Quick-Start Phase I (6-9 months duration)• Ceramic Metal Halide Lamps & Fixtures – Some current use• Solid State Lighting (LEDs) for display cases – Limited # of installations

Medium Term, Phase II (9-15 month duration)• LED Exterior Area Lighting – Limited # of installations• Electronic HID ballasts • Intelligent/DALI fluorescent ballasts

REA and CLI

Commercial Lighting Initiative• CLI supports REA, and shares members, but also includes some additional

members beyond the retail community (utilities, lighting industry, energy efficiency programs)

• CLI develops integrated lighting designs, called Lighting Solutions, for use by retailers using many different technologies

• In some cases, technology procurements may make implementation of Lighting Solutions more feasible by reducing costs

• CLI and REA are synergistic-- different strategies supporting the same goal• CMH Track and LED Refrigerated Display cases are found in several

Lighting Solutions

Ceramic Metal Halide

Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH) Characteristics• Better than standard Metal Halide (MH)• Long life (10,000 – 20,000 hours)• 4th most efficient light source overall• 2nd most efficient white light source• Does not dim well, cannot quickly be turned on/off• Requires a ballast (device to operate the lamp)

CMH typical Retail Applications • High-Bay or Low-Bay Fixtures• Track Lighting• Down Lighting• Parking Lot Lighting

CMH for High Bay

CMH for High-Bay?

Standard MH used in High-Bay & Low-Bay Applications• Poor lumen maintenance• Color rendering is low• Life (10,000 – 20,000 hours)• Limited options in lamp power

CMH used in High-Bay and Low-Bay Applications• same as above, except better color• Utilities & EEPS offer rebates for replacing MH with CMH

HIF – High Intensity Fluorescent• Better lumen maintenance, color, 1.5x longer life, more light output options,

great controls integration, numerous Utilities & EEPS offer rebates for using HIF over MH

CMH for Track

Photo courtesy of Lighting Services Inc (LSI)

CMH for Track

Standard Track Solution: Halogen• Inefficient• Good color• Short life (6,000 hours at best)• Numerous options (size, wattage, light distribution)• Cheap lamp (average about $11)• Cheap luminaire (typically $15 to $250)

Procurement: Ceramic Metal Halide Track• 2-2.5x more efficient than halogen• Color close to halogen• Long life (9,000 – 15,000 hours)• Multiple options with limitations• Moderately priced lamp (average about $55)• Expensive luminaire (typically $250 - $450)

PAR Lamp Technology Comparison

150W PAR

320 fc

1500 hours

90W PAR/H

460 fc

2000 hours

35W/MH

640 fc

9000 hours

Photo courtesy of National Grid, Advanced Buildings Training

CMH for Track

Comparison of Technologies:

Technology Long Life

Numerous Distributions

High CRI

Saves Energy

Halogen

CMH

CMH for Track

Current Trends• Electronic ballasts getting smaller• LED dedicated track luminaires being explored

LSI LN30

(Halogen)

LSI M2803

(Metal Halide)

LSI MHLN203

(Metal Halide)

CMH for Track

Early Adopters/Proven Demonstrations

Retail:• L.L. Bean • Macy’s

Grocery:• Hannaford • Price Chopper

CMH forDown Lighting

CMH forDown Lighting

Standard Lighting Option 1: Halogen• Inefficient• Excellent color• Short life (6,000 hours at best)• Virtually no light output depreciation• Numerous options (size, wattage, light distribution)• Cheap lamp • Cheap luminaire

Procurement: Ceramic Metal Halide• 2-2.5x more efficient than halogen• Good color• Long life (10,000 – 20,000 hours)• Moderate light output depreciation (40%)• Multiple options with limitations• Moderately priced lamp • More expensive luminaire

CMH forDown Lighting

Standard Lighting Option 2: Compact Fluorescent• 3x more efficient as halogen• Good color• Good (not great) life (12,000 hours)• Some light output depreciation (15%)• Limited wattage• Moderately priced lamp • Limited by ceiling height• Contains Mercury

Procurement: Ceramic Metal Halide• 3x more efficient than halogen• Good color• Long life (10,000 – 20,000 hours)• Moderate light output depreciation (40%)• Multiple options with limitations• Moderately priced lamp• Contains Mercury

CMH for Down Lighting

Comparison of Technologies:

Technology Long Life

Use in ceilings over

12’

Numerous Light Output Options

High CRI

Contains Hg

Saves Energy

Halogen

CFL

CMH

CMH for Parking Lot Lighting

CMH for Parking Lot Lighting ?

MH used in Exterior Applications• Poor lumen maintenance• Color rendering is low• Life (10,000 – 20,000 hours)

CMH used in Exterior Applications• same as above, except better color

High Pressure Sodium (HPS)• Good lumen maintenance• Color rendering is really low• Life (24,000+ hours)

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)• Great lumen maintenance• Color rendering is good• Life (50,000+ hours)

Ceramic Metal Halide

Barriers to Market Acceptance:• CMH Lamp is only part of the solution• Fixture for dedicated CMH lamps add additional costs

– Electronic ballast roughly 60% of additional costs– Higher voltage socket and wiring

Incentives to Market Acceptance:• Utilities and EEPS offer financial incentives for CMH lamps• More restrictive energy codes will force the use of this technology

LED ParkingLot Lighting

Photo courtesy of Beta LED

LED ParkingLot Lighting

Standard Lighting Option 1: High Pressure Sodium• Appears drab; low CRI and CCT• Efficient light source• Little decrease in output over time (15% max)• Cheap• Ubiquitous source – numerous manufacturers of lamp and fixture• Long life (24,000 hours)• Contains Mercury

Procurement: LED Lighting• Good color and CRI • Great light distribution• Good with lighting controls• Long payback• Few manufacturers of technology• Long life (30,000 – 50,000+ hours)• Mercury free

LED ParkingLot Lighting

Standard Lighting Option 2: Metal Halide• White light; medium to high CRI• Efficient light source• Major decrease in output over time (40% max)• Ubiquitous source – numerous manufacturers of lamp and fixture• Limited life (20,000 hours)• Contains Mercury

Procurement: LED Lighting• Good color and CRI• Great light distribution• Good lighting controls• Long payback• Few manufacturers of technology• Long life (30,000 – 50,000+ hours)• Mercury free

LED ParkingLot Lighting

Comparison of Technologies:

Technology Long Life

“Constant” Light Output

Desirable Color

Contains Hg

Option 1 - HPS

Option 2 – MH

LED

LED ParkingLot Lighting

Economics:• Used during cheap electricity times• Not currently competitive for retrofit• Competitive with new construction

Shoebox

$300-$650

Architectural

$800-$1000

Lamp

$18-$48

LED ParkingLot Lighting

Projected PaybackReplacing a 70% efficient HID luminaire with a current LED luminaire

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

$0.03 $0.04 $0.05 $0.06 $0.07 $0.08 $0.09 $0.10 $0.11 $0.12 $0.13 $0.14

Electricty Rates ($ per kWh)

Payb

ack

(# o

f Yea

rs)

HPSMH

Initial LED Luminaire Price remains constant at $2050.00

LED ParkingLot Lighting

Projected PaybackReplacing a 70% efficient HID luminaire with an improving LED luminaire

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Years of Price Reduction and Performance Improvement

Payb

ack

(# o

f Yea

rs)

HPSMH

Individual LEDs increase 9 lumens per watt per year

Price decreases 27% per year per 1000 lumens

LED ParkingLot Lighting

Barriers to Market Acceptance• Limited number of manufacturers• Some manufacturers exaggerate performance• Long payback in retrofit applications

Incentives to Market Acceptance• ASHRAE/IESNA Std. 90.1-2010 will have LPDs for parking• Title 24 and Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) both require lighting

curfew• California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC) is developing occupancy

sensor for parking lot fixtures• Steep annual reductions in cost projected by SSL industry and DOE

LED LightedDisplay Cases

Photo courtesy of LED Power

LED LightedDisplay Cases

Target Markets• Grocery Stores• Pharmacies• Convenience Stores• Big Box Stores• Stores with high display case to floor area ratios

LED LightedDisplay Cases

Standard Display Case Lighting: Fluorescent strips• Good color• Poor light distribution• Efficiency decreases as temperature decreases• Cheap• Long life (24,000 hours)• Contains Mercury

Procurement: LED strips for display cases• Good color• Great light distribution• Efficiency increases as temperature decreases• Current Payback for Retrofit Applications: 2 – 5 years

– Improved payback/energy savings with Occupancy Sensors• Long life (30,000 – 50,000+ hours)• Mercury free

LED LightedDisplay Cases

Comparison of Technologies:

Technology Long Life

Improved Distribution

Reduces Cooling Load

Saves Energy

Fluorescent

LED

LED LightedDisplay Cases

Barriers to Market Acceptance:• Currently, technology treated as “demonstration”• Little wide-scale use of the technology

Incentives to Market Acceptance:• DOE’s upcoming Determination (TSL)• Other energy savings potential of refrigerated display cases technology

improvements• Some Utilities and EEPS offer rebates for this technology

LED LightedDisplay Cases

Early Adopters/Proven Demonstrations

Retail:• Wal*mart • Walgreens

Grocery:• Price Chopper• Albertsons

Convenience:• Circle K

Discount Club Stores:• Costco

Summary

CMH Lamps• 2-3x efficient as halogen• Good color rendering• Require a ballast• Less options than halogen• Longer life than halogen• Contains Mercury

LED Refrigerated Cases• Reduces cooling load• Saves energy• Better life / less maintenance• Improved lighting uniformity• Mercury Free

LED Parking Lot Lighting• Desirable color• Long life • Less maintenance• Saves energy• Virtually no lighting degradation• Mercury Free• Competitive for retrofits in the

near future

QuestionsDiscussion

Next Steps