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RETAILER LIST C: HERBAL SUBSTANCES WHICH, WHEN PRESENTED FOR ORAL CONSUMPTION OR TOPICAL APPLICATION, MAY REQUIRE A MARKETING AUHTORISATION (MA) OR CERTIFICATE OF TRADITIONAL USE REGISTRATION (TR).

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Aconite Synonyms: Wolfsbane; Monkshood

Aconitum napellus (L) Yes Yes

African tree bark and fruit. Synonyms: African plum tree; Pygeum; Prune tree; Iron wood; (Red) Stinkwood; African plum; African prune; African cherry; Bitter almond

Pygeum africanum

Yes Yes

American pennyroyal

Hedeoma pulegioides (L) Pers

Yes Case-by-Case*

Arnica flower Synonyms: Leopard's bane flower; Wolf's bane flower; Mountain tobacco flower

Arnica Montana L

Yes Case-by-Case *

Ashwagandha

Synonyms:

Indian Ginseng; Poison gooseberry; Winter cherry

Withania somnifera L. Dunal

Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*

Asian Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

robustum Maxim

Autumn crocus

Synonyms: Meadow Saffron

Colchicum autumnale L

Yes Yes

Autumn mandrake

Mandragora autumnalis

Yes Yes

Barbados Aloes Synonyms: Aloe vera

Aloe barbadensis Miller (Synonym A.vera L.)

If anthraquinone/aloin content < 1 ppm then not a medicinal product unless medicinal claims are made

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Barberry Synonyms: European barberry; Berberis

Berberis vulgaris Yes Case-by-Case*

Bearberry Leaf

Synonyms:

Uva-Ursi

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L. Spreng

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Belladonna herb and root

Synonyms:

Deadly nightshade

Atropa belladonna L Yes

(See list B entry 3)

Yes

Birch leaf and bark

Betula pendula ROTH

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made or the essential oil is used.

Bittersweet Solanum dulcamara L Yes Case-by-Case*

Black Cohosh root Cimicifuga racemosa Yes Case-by-Case*

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

and rhizome Synonyms: Black bugbane; Black snakeroot; Fairy candle

L. Nutt (Synonym Actaea racemosa)

Black haw Viburnum prunifolium

Yes Case-by-Case*

Black nightshade Solanum nigrum L Yes

Yes

Blue Cohosh

Synonyms: Squawroot

Caulophyllum thalictroides L.

Michaux

Yes

(See list B entry 4)

Case-by-Case*

Blue flag

Synonyms: Harlequin Blueflag; Larger Blue Flag; Northern Blue Flag

Iris versicolor L Yes Case-by-Case*

Blue Hyssop Hyssopus officinalis L. Yes No: unless oil is used or medicinal claims are made.

Boldo leaf

Peumus boldus Molina

Yes Yes: unless ascaridole content is negligible.

Boneset

Synonyms:

Agueweed; Feverwort; Sweating-plant

Eupatorium perfoliatum L

Yes Yes

Borage oil and leaves

Borago officinalis L

If oil and leaves are free from Pyrrolizidine

Alkaloids then not a

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Synonyms:

Starflower; Borage

medicinal product unless medicinal claims are made.

Boswellia Synonyms: Indian frankincense; Salai; Shallaki

Boswellia serrata Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*

Brachyglottis Synonyms:

Rangiora; Bush-man’s friend

Brachyglottis species Yes Yes

Bryony root

Synonyms:

Briony root; Bryonie root; English Mandrake root; Wild Vine root; Wild Hops root; Wild Nep root; Tamus root; Ladies' Seal root; Tetterbury root

Bryonia species (All) Yes Yes

Buchu leaf Synonyms:

Buchu; Boegoe; Bucco; Bookoo; Diosma

Agathosma spp. Synonyms:

Barosma spp.

Yes Yes

Butchers broom shoots and rhizome Synonyms:

Sweet Broom; Kneeholy; Knee Holly; Kneeholm;

Ruscus aculeatus L

Yes Case-by-Case*

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Jew's Myrtle; Pettigree; Hare's apple Butterbur

Synonyms:

Bog rhubarb; Devil's hat; Pestilence wort; Sweet Coltsfoot

Petasites hybridus

(L) G. Gaertn., Mey & Scherb

(Synonyms Petasites officinalis Moench; P. ovatus, P. vulgaris and Tussilago petasites L)

Yes Yes

Butterflyweed Asclepias tuberosa L Yes Yes

Calabar bean Physostigma venenosum Balf

Yes Yes

Cape Aloes Aloe ferox Miller Yes, unless anthraquinone/aloin content < 1 ppm.

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Cascara bark

Rhamnus purshiana DC (Synonym Frangula purshiana, Rhamnus purshianus)

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Castor oil plant Ricinus communis L Yes Case-by-Case*

Cat’s Claw root, bark and leaves

Uncaria tomentosa (Wild. Ex Schott DC)

Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*

Chasteberry fruit/berries Synonyms:

Chaste tree; Agnus castus

Vitex agnus-castus L

Yes Case-by-Case*

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Clematis

Synonyms:

Traveller's Joy; Virgin's Bower; Old Man's Beard; Vase vine; Leather Flower

Clematis species Yes Yes

Colocynth

Synonyms:

Bitter apple; Bitter cucumber; Desert gourd

Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad

Yes Yes

Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara L Yes Case-by-Case*

Comfrey

Synonyms:

Comfrey Root; Knitbone

Symphytum L species

Symphytum officinale L

Yes Yes

Common Bugloss Anchusa officinalis (L) Yes Yes

Common Gromwell

Synonyms:

European Stoneseed

Lithospermum officinale L

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Common Groundsel

Senecio vulgaris L Yes Yes

Common hawthorn fruit, sprigs, leaves, and flowers &their

Crataegus monogyna Jacq

Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made.

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

alcoholic extracts

Synonyms:

Single-seeded hawthorn

Common Madder

Synonyms:

Dyer's madder

Rubia tinctorum L Yes Case-by-Case*

Common Rue

Synonyms:

Rue; Herb-of-grace

Ruta graveolens L Yes Case-by-Case*

Copalchi (Euphorbiaceae)

Croton guatemalensis Lotsy

Yes Yes

Copalchi (Rubiaceae)

Coutarea latiflora DC

(Synonym Hintonia latiflora)

Yes Yes

Costa Rica Ipecacuanha

Cephaelis acuminata Karst

Yes Yes

Country Mallow

Synonyms:

Heart-leaf Sida; Flannel Weed

Sida cordifolia Yes Case-by-Case*

Croton plant Croton tiglium (L) Yes Yes

8/23

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Dandelion root and herb

Taraxacum officinalis Weber

Case-by-Case

NMT 800 mg Dandelion root or herb per daily dose.

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Deerwort boneset

Synonyms:

Pool Root

Eupatorium aramaticum L.

Yes Yes

Devils claw root and tubers

Harpagophytum procumbens DC Harpagophytum zeyheri

Yes Case-by-Case*

Doronic ragwort Senecio doronicum L Yes Yes

Diviners sage

Synonyms:

Ska María Pastora; Seer's Sage

Salvia divinorum

Epling & Jativa

Yes Yes

Dusty miller

Synonyms:

Silver ragwort

Senecio bicolor (Willd.) Tod

(Synonym Senecio cineraria; Jacobaea maritima)

Yes Yes

Dyers Broom Genista tinctoria L Yes Yes

Dyer’s Bugloss

Synonyms:

Alkanet

Alkanna tinctoria (Tausch)

Yes Case-by-Case*

Echinacea whole plant and plant

Echinacea spp. Yes No: unless medicinal

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

parts

claims are made.

Elecampane root Synonyms: Horse-heal; Marchalan

Inula henenium L

Yes Yes

Epazote

Synonyms: (American) Wormseed

Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

(Synonym Dysphania ambrosioides) var

Anthelminthicum

Yes Yes if oil is used.

Ergot sclerotia

Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul

Yes Yes

Eucommia bark and leaves

Synonyms: Gutta-percha tree

Hardy rubber tree

Eucommia ulmoides L Yes Yes

European heliotrope

Heliotropium europaeum L

Yes Yes

Felty Germander

Synonyms: Kalpooreh

Teucrium polium L Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Fennel

Foeniculum vulgare Case-by-Case* depending on claims made, anethole content and presentation.

Case-by-Case*

Feverfew

Synonyms: Bachelor's buttons; Featherfew

Tanacetum parthenium L.

(Synonyms Chrysanthemum parthenium and Pyrethrum parthenium)

Yes Case-by-Case*

Fireweed

Erechtites hieracifolia (L)

Raf ex de Cand

Yes Yes

Flame lily

Synonyms: Fire lily; Gloriosa lily; Glory lily; Superb lily; Climbing lily; Creeping lily

Gloriosa superba L.

Yes Yes

Foxglove

Synonyms: Common Foxglove; Purple Foxglove; Lady’s Glove

Digitalis purpurea L Yes Yes

Frangula bark Synonyms: Alder buckthorn bark

Rhamnus frangula L

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Garden heliotrope Heliotropium arborescens L

Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Synonyms: Cherry pie; Common heliotrope

German Chamomile flower heads Synonyms: Scented Mayweed

Matricaria recutita L

Case-by-Case*

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Ginkgo Synonyms: Gingko; Maidenhair tree

Ginkgo biloba

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Globe artichoke leaf

Cynara scolymus

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Goat’s Rue Synonyms: French lilac; Italian fitch; Professor-weed

Galega officinalis Case-by-Case* No, unless medicinal claims are made.

Goldenrod

Solidago virgaurea L Yes Case-by-Case*

Goldenseal root and rhizome Synonyms: Orangeroot; Yellow puccoon

Hydrastis Canadensis L

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Greater Celandine

Synonyms: Tetterwort

Chelidonium majus L. Yes Yes

12/23

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Greater periwinkle

Synonyms: Bigleaf Periwinkle; Large Periwinkle; Blue Periwinkle

Vinca major L Yes Yes

Griffonia Griffonia simplicifolia (DC) Baill.

Yes Case-by-Case*

Gypsy wort

Synonyms: Bugleweed; European Bugleweed; Water Horehound

Lycopus europaeus L Yes

Case-by-Case*

Han Fang Ji Stephania tetrandra S. Moore

Yes Yes

Hawthorn

Synonyms:

May-tree; Whitehorn; Hawberry

Crataegus spp

Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*

Hemlock Conium maculatum L Yes Yes

Hemp agrimony Eupatorium cannabinum L

Yes Yes

Hemp

Seeds

Cannabis sativa L No: unless medicinal claims are made.

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Henbane

Synonyms: Black Henbane; Sticking Nightshade

Hyoscyamus niger L. Yes Yes

Hop strobile

Humulus lupulus L Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Horse Chestnut seed

Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Yes Yes

Horsetail aerial parts

Equisetum arvense L

Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*

Hounds tongue

Synonyms: Houndstooth; Dog's tongue; Gypsy flower

Cynoglossum officinale

Yes Yes

Houpou Magnolia

Synonyms:

Magnolia-bark

Magnolia officinalis

Rehder & Wilson

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Italian Bugloss Anchusa italica Retz

(Synonym Anchusa azurea)

Yes Yes

Indian heliotrope Heliotropium indicum L

Yes Yes

Indian tobacco Lobelia inflata L. Yes Yes

14/23

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Ipecacuanha (Matto Grosso)

Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brotero) A. Richard

Yes Yes

Ivy leaf and berries

Hedera helix L

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Jaborandi Pilocarpus jaborandi Vahl

Pilocarpus jaborandi Holmes

Yes

(See list B entry 19)

Yes

Jalap root and resin

Exogonium purga

(Synonym Ipomoea purga)

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Jamaica Dogwood

Synonyms: Florida fishpoison tree; Fishfuddle

Piscidia piscipula (L) Sarg

(Synonym Piscidia erythrina)

Yes Yes

Japanese Belladonna

Synonyms: Henbane bell

Scopolia carniolica Lam

Yes Yes

Jasmine Synonyms:

Carolina Jasmine; Carolina Jessamine; Yellow Jasmine; Yellow Jessamine; Evening Trumpet flower; Gelsemium; Wild Woodbine

Gelsemium nitidum Mich (Synonym Gelsemium sempervirens L.J.St-Hil)

Yes Yes

15/23

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Joe-Pye weed Eupatorium purpureum (L)

E Lamont

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Kamala Mallotus philippinensis Mueller

(Syn Rottlera tinctoria)

Yes Yes

Kava kava Piper methysticum G Forst

Yes

Case-by-Case*

Kombe

Strophanthus kombe Oliv.

Yes

Yes

Kratom

Synonyms: Kratum; Krathom

Mitragyna speciosa Korth

Yes

Yes

Lady's Mantle Synonyms: Leontopodium; Stellaria

Alchemilla vulgaris Yes

Case-by-Case*

Lemon balm leaf Synonyms: Balm leaf; Balm mint leaf

Melissa officinalis L

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Lesser Celandine

Synonyms: Pilewort

Ranunculus ficaria L Yes

Case-by-Case*

Lesser periwinkle Vinca minor L Yes Yes

16/23

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Synonyms: Small periwinkle; Common periwinkle

Levant Wormseed

Synonyms: Santonica

Artemisia cina

O.Berg and C F Schmidt

Yes

Yes

Liferoot

Synonyms: Golden Ragwort; St. James Wort

Senecio aureus L

(Synonym Packera aurea)

Yes

Yes

Lily of the Valley Convallaria majalis L. Yes

Yes

Male Fern Dryopteris filix-mas (L) Schott

Yes Case-by-Case basis*

Mandrake Mandragora officinarum L

Yes Yes

Marsh Labrador Oil

Synonyms: Wild

Rosemary

Ledum palustre L

(Synonym Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja)

Yes Yes

Mayapple Resin Indian Mayapple

Podophyllum peltatum L Podophyllum

Yes

Yes

17/23

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Resin hexandrum

Yes

Yes

Mayflower fruit Synonyms: Northern European Hawthorn

Crataegus oxyacantha Thuill (Synonym Crataegus laevigata)

Case-by-Case*

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Milk Thistle fruit/seed

Silybum marianum L

No: unless the Silymarin maximum dose or maximum daily dose is 200mg or more.

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Muira Puama Synonyms: Potency wood

Ptychopetalum olacoides

Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*

Northern Prickly Ash

Synonyms: Common Pricklyash; Toothache Tree; Yellow Wood; Suterberry

Zanthoxylum americanum Mill

Yes Case-by-Case*

Nux vomica

Synonyms:

Poison nut; Semen strychnos; Quaker buttons; Strychnine tree

Strychnos nux vomica L

Yes Yes

Oat seed

Avena sativa L

Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made.

18/23

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Oleander Nerium oleander

Nerium species

Yes Yes

Pasque Flower

Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill

Yes Case-by-Case*

Passionflower

Passiflora incarnata L Yes Case-by-Case*

Pau d’Arco

Synonyms: Lapacho; Taheebo; Ipes; Trumpet Bush

Tabebuia species Yes Case-by-Case*

Pennyroyal (European)

Synonyms: Squaw mint; Mosquito plant; Pudding grass

Mentha pulegium L Yes Case-by-Case*

Pepper fruit Synonyms: Capsicum

Capsicum annuum L

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Case-by-Case*

Peppermint Mentha piperita L No: unless medicinal claims are made.

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Peruvian heliotrope Heliotropium peruvianum L

Yes Yes

Pheasants eye

Synonyms: False

Hellebore

Adonis vernalis L Yes Yes

Ragwort Senecio adonidifolius Yes Yes

19/23

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Loisel

(Synonym Jacobaea adonidifolia)

Red Squill Synonyms: Sea Squill; Sea onion

Urginea maritima L Baker (Synonym Drimia maritima)

Yes Yes

Rhubarb underground plant parts

Rheum officinale Baill Rheum palmatum L

If anthraquinone/ aloin content < 1 ppm then not a medicinal product unless medicinal claims are made.

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Roman chamomile Synonyms: English chamomile

Chamaemelum nobile (Synonym Anthemis nobilis)

Case-by-Case*

Case-by-Case*

Rose Root; roots and rhizomes Synonyms: Arctic Root

Rhodiola rosea L No: unless medicinal claims are made.

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Sassafras

Synonyms: Ague tree; Cinnamon wood; Saloop; Saxifrax

Sassafras species Yes No: provided no medicinal claims are made and provided the product complies with the Safrole restrictions in the Cosmetics Products Regulation.

Saw Palmetto fruits/berries

Serenoa repens (C.Bartram) J.K. Small Sabal serrulatum Serenoa serrulata

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Savin Juniperus sabina L. Yes Yes

20/23

Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Synonyms: Savin Juniper

Scammony Convolvulus scammonia L

Yes Yes

Scarlet poppy

Synonyms: Iranian poppy

Papaver bracteatum Lindl

Yes: unless seeds are used.

Yes: unless seeds are used.

Sea Wormwood Artemisia maritima L Yes Case-by-Case*

Senecio

Synonyms: Grey ragwort

Senecio incanus L

(Jacobaea incana)

Yes Yes

Senna – Egyptian (Alexandrian)

Cassia acutifolia Delile

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Senna – Indian (Tinnevelly)

Cassia angustifolia M.Vahl (Synonym Cassia senna L)

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Skullcap

Synonyms: Blisswort

Scutellaria spp. L Yes Yes

Skunk cabbage

Synonyms: Clumpfoot Cabbage; Swamp Cabbage; Foetid Pothos

Symplocarpus foetidus Salisb

Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Small Bugloss Anchusa arvensis (L) M. Bieb

Yes Case-by-Case*

Southern Prickly Ash

Synonyms: Hercules Club; Pepperwood

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L

Yes Case-by-Case*

Spiny restharrow oil and root

Synonyms: Bugrane; Finweed; Ground Furze; Harrow Rest; Horse's Breath; Lady-whin; Wild Liquorice; Rassels; Whin; Cat Whin

Ononis Spinosa L

Yes Yes

Spruce shoot

Picea abies L

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made or used as a chest rub.

St. John’s Wort

Hypericum perforatum L

Yes Case-by-Case*

Tansy

Synonyms: Bitter Buttons; Cow Bitter; Mugwort; Golden Buttons

Chrysanthemum vulgare L. Bernh

(Synonym Tanacetum vulgare)

Yes

Case-by-Case*

Thyme herb and oil

Thymus vulgaris L

Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made or used as a chest rub.

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name

Considered Medicinal if used for Oral Consumption

Considered Medicinal if used Topically

Tongkat ali Synonyms: Eurycoma; Long Jack pasak bumi

Eurycoma longifolia Yes Case-by-Case*

Valerian root

Valeriana officinalis L

Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Wall Germander Teucrium chamaedrys L

Yes Yes

Walnut fruit

Juglans regia L

No: unless medicinal claims are made or an ethanolic extract is used.

No: unless medicinal claims are made.

White Peony

Paeonium album Yes Case-by-Case*

Wooly Foxglove

Synonyms: Grecian Foxglove

Digitalis lanata L

Yes Yes

Wood ragwort Senecio nemorensis L Yes Yes

Wormwood Artemisia absinthium Yes Yes

Yew Taxus L species Yes Yes

Yohimbe

Synonyms:

Coryanthe; Corynanthe; Johimbe

Pausinystalia yohimbe (K Schum)

Pierre ex Beille

(Synonym Corynanthe johimbe)

Yes Yes

* Case-by-Case: the determination of classification of a product as a medicinal product, medical device, food supplement or cosmetic product is dependent on the following:

- National legislation; - Relevant EU case law;

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- Previous classification decisions, including marketing authorisations and registrations granted;

- The specific characteristics of the individual product, these include but are not limited to;

o The substance used o The amount of the substance used o How the substance is used o The level of processing and purification used in the manufacture of the product and/or in

the case of herbal products the plant or plant part used o the effect exerted or claimed to be exerted by the product o how the product is to be used by the patient / consumer o The safety of the product in use