Return of Chinese RuleMing China

1368-1644

Defining Characteristics• Confucianism Returns

Examination System

Scholar Class

• Powerful Military

Best seafaring vessels

Mobility through merit

One of the largest land empires•Cultural Expressions: Pottery and the Novel

• Urban Revival

Rebuilding of the Forbidden City…

Defining Characteristics

Beijing

• Early attempts at ExplorationAreas of Exploration:

13901430

Chinese govt. restricts explorationsExploration efforts ended

Zhenge HeIndia, Arabia, East Africa

•Interactions with EuropeansIndirect Trade brought in massive amounts of silverCurious about Missionaries…later rejected them

Permitted Portuguese at Macao

Rise of the Manchus (Qing Dynasty)

Rise of the Manchus (Qing Dynasty)

• 1644-1911• Invaders from the North• Open up trade with Europe—

• Importance of Tea• Boom of Port Cites…• Christian missionary presence—• Government Structure…

Canton (Guangzhou)

Dyarchy

Limited to SouthMaintained Confucian attitudes—”Europeans are barbaric”

no successes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elderly_Chinese_American_Man_with_Queue.close_crop.jpg

Video PromptChina successfully embarked on voyages of

discovery a 100 years before the Europeans did…

….Then, in the 1430s, they stopped

What if China had continued to explore? How might history had been different? Think long term

Rise and Rule of Tokugawa Shogunate 1603-1868

-End of 1500s- Ashikaga Shogun collapses:

-3 Lords emerge…fight for control

-The third lord fills the void-Tokugawa:

2 of the lords attempted to centralize rule--failed

Clan Wars return

(daimyo of Edo) declared himself shogun by 1603

• Emergence of Tokugawa Ieyasu…powerful daimyo of Edo (modern Tokyo)

• Unites the daimyo..ending feudal warfare

Great Peace

• New capital at Edo (Tokyo)…• Shogun’s twin responsibilities:• Samurai take on administrative duties• Economic Changes

Emperor in Kyoto

Rise in Commerce and manufacturing in cities

Common Currency

Merchant Class

Home grown cotton

Tozama and Fudai Daimyo at peace

• Initial period of openness with West1. Gunpowder technology-

2. Presence of Christian

Missionaries

Great Peace

Introduced by Portuguese Aid in unification

Some ConversionsFrancis XavierMost successful in Southern Islands

Emerges as an “External Society”

• Self Imposed Isolation1. Religion1612:

1614:

Expelling of Christian Missionaries

Christianity banned

Why?Suspicious of MotivesMissionaries destroy idols

Newly converted involved in riots

2. Trade and Travel

Only Dutch Merchants were permitted

Self Imposed Isolation

Restricted Travel AbroadWestern Books were banned

Little or no missionary activity

Allowed at Nagasaki harbor

Japanese merchants confined to cities and China

Why Isolation?• Fear outside ideas weakens Shogun

authority•Samurai Culture reinforces Group conformity•Island Geography•Shinto beliefs