Date post: | 08-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | prathyusha-mannem |
View: | 219 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 45
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
1/45
ReversePharmacognosy: A Novel Strategy toStandardise ISM Drugs
Dr.Dr. PadmaPadma VenkatVenkat
Joint Director & Head
Centre for Pharmacognosy & PharmaceuticsFoundation for Revitalisation of Local Health
Traditions (FRLHT) , [email protected]
8th Annual Oxford-International Conference on the Science of Botanicals, Apr 6-9, 2009
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
2/45
Why-Novel Strategy? What is Reverse Pharmacognosy?
How do it?
FRLHTs Approach
Presentation
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
3/45
Why A New Strategy?
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
4/45
ISM & Western Biomedicine are
TWO DIFFERENT KNOWLEDGE-SYSTEMS
THAT HAVE EVOLVEDINDEPENDENTLY
.TWO DIFFERENT WAYS OFKNOWING
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
5/45
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
6/45
Current QS of ISM Drugs
Parameters & Standards are
Non-contextual to the culturefrom which it evolved
Do not reflect safety &efficacy; but at best identity,
purity
While Traditionally identity,safety and efficacy were anintegral part of Drug Property( Dravya guna )
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
7/45
Bacoside A (2.5 - 3 % ), Bacoside B andother bacosides, Hersaponin, Betulicacid, Monnierin, Alkaloids - Brahmine(0.01-0.02 %) and Herpestine;Flavonoids; Saponin, D-mannitol,Nicotine, Saponins-Monierin .Sapogenins-Bacogenin A1-A4 . Bacosine
Parallel Systems of Knowledge with no dialogue
Rasa : Tikta Kasaya
Guna : Laghu, Sara
Virya: Sita
Vipaka: MadhuraKarma: V Kara,
rasayana, medhya..
Varied Uses
Fever, Anaemia,
Inflammation, Diabetes,Psychiatric disorders
Modern Ayurvedic
? ?
Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi)
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
8/45
Our approach inStandardisation today
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
9/45
Some Phytomedicines
that have failed
in modern times
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
10/45
Non-Contextual Usage
Acetone/Methanol extract
Isolatedcompounds,
Syntheticcompound,Large dose
Practice
Anxiolyticeffect
Aqueouspreparation
CalmingPiper methysticum
Stroke,heartattack
Weight loss,Energiser
Dietarysupplement
Under supervision,as a whole herb Asthma, Asthma,
coldcold
Ephedrasinica
AdverseEffects
Modern useRecommendationTraditionalUsePlant
Hepato-toxicity
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
11/45
What is Reverse Pharmacognosy?
Pharmacognosy guided byTraditional Knowledge
Developing Contemporary Standardsbased on Traditional Advice,Parameters and tools
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
12/45
Factors Acknowledged by ISM
Processing & Storage
Collection
Identity of Ingredients
QualityStandards
Diagnosis of theailment
Administration of the Drug
Constitution of Patient
(What?)
(When? Where from)
(How? How long?)
EfficacyWho to? How? How much? How long?
(For What?....
The Purpose)
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
13/45
Plant parts Season of collection
Branches andleaves
Rainy ( Varsha ) and Spring(Vasantha )
Roots Summer ( Greeshma ) or
Late winter ( Shishira )Bark, Rhizome,Sap
Autumn ( Sharad )
Heart wood Early winter ( Hemantha )
Flowers and
fruits
As per Season
Traditional Recommendations-General
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
14/45
Traditional Recommendations- Specific
Should be used after
storing for 1 year
Vidanga
(Embelia ribes)
Storage
Should be boiled in milk(Kshirapaka)
Pippali (Piper longum)
Processing
Collection at nightHaridra(Curcuma longa)
Collection
Chitra tandula, KapaaliVidanga (Embelia ribes)IdentityRecommendationPlantFactor
Abhava
Pratinidhi DravyaConcept of
Legitimate DrugSubstitution
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
15/45
Importance of Processing
Poison Proper Processing Drug
Drug Improper Processing Poison
Yogadapi visham teekshnam uttamam bheshajam bhavet, bheshajam chapi duryuktam teekshnam sampadyate visham
(Cha. Su. 1.26)
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
16/45
Effect of Processing Rice- Uncooked- Very Heavy
Cooked rice- Cooked with water-Comparatively light
Kanji- Cooked with abundant water- light Puffed paddy-V.light
The changes in property of rice with cooking (Cha. Su.28. 271)
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
17/45
Tea Picking Picking early Spring &
summer
Hand pick only the topthree leaves
Put no pressure on theleaves in the basket
Start processingpromptly
Quality varies if long leaves arepicked as opposed
to young leaf buds
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
18/45
We should be investing similarlyinto each of the TM plants to
study their variations, potenciesand to state their USPs
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
19/45
We need RELEVANTParameters, Protocols &
Standards that not only reflectQuality but also Safety &
Efficacy
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
20/45
Inter-cultural approach1. Traditional recommendations?2. Logic behind the recommendations?
3. Traditional quality parameters? How are theymeasured?
4. How do we make them contemporary andapplicable to industry?
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
21/45
FRLHT, 74/2, Jarakhabande Kaval, Attur Post, via Yelahanka, Bangalore 560 064Tel: 080 28568017; www.frlht.org
FRLHT
Campus
How do it?
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
22/45
TradeInformationHerbarium & RawDrug Collection
Field Botanists Informatics
Characterisation Pharmacology
Pharmacognosy&
Pharmaceutics
TSM Experts
Clinic
ISM R&D
Garden
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
23/45
Document Traditional Knowledge on Drugs
(simple non-Instrumental measurements)
Traditional&
Modern Stdisn. Methods
Physical, Chemical
&
Biological Markers
Standard Drug
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
24/45
DocumentationFrom
Texts
&
Traditions
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
25/45
TQS Informatics
Softwareto store,retrieve
andanalyse
data
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
26/45
Develop Relevant Parameters,
Methods and Standards Sensory Evaluation
Morphology
Microscopy Chemistry
Molecular Markers
Bioactivity
Bio-chemical Standards
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
27/45
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
28/45
Uniqueness about HumanUniqueness about Humanperceptionperception
All five sensesAll five senses --perceived &perceived & analysedanalysed by ONEby ONE
instrumentinstrument --the Human Bodythe Human Body Cognition adds valueCognition adds value mental processor mental processor SensitivitySensitivity -- more sensitivemore sensitive
Nose: 0.00025ppm; x1000 times better Nose: 0.00025ppm; x1000 times better Correlation specific to requirementCorrelation specific to requirement
E.g., unripe & ripe mangoE.g., unripe & ripe mango --purposepurpose Measures characteristic differencesMeasures characteristic differences
Subjectivity..reducedSubjectivity..reduced by training panelby training panel
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
29/45
Sensory Analysis
An Important QC tool for ISM Drugs
PROFILING BYTRAINED PANEL
MODERNATTRIBUTES
TRADITIONALATTRIBUTES
TESTING AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
SENSORY STANDARDSSENSORY STANDARDS
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
30/45
Bio-Chemical MarkersTrade, Distribution information
Traditional Information & Botanical Authentication
Bioassay/ Phytochemical/ Microscopy/ Mol Bio studies
Identify unique profiles/chemical markers
Relevant Quality Parameters/Tests/Markers
Isolation/ Characterisation , Biological activity
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
31/45
Identity.?Correct Botanical Correlation
Substitutes Adulterants
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
32/45
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
33/45
Etymological Analysis of AyurvedicSynonyms
A. Pueraria tuberosaB. Palasha (Butea monosperma)
Triparni : Three-leavedPalashparni : Leaves similar toPalasha
White tubers of Pueraria tuberosa
(Shuklakanda, Sitha )
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
34/45
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
35/45
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
36/45
Minutes
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
V o l t s
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
V o l t s
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Detector A (254nm)maturewholewholemature001
Detector A(254nm)immaturewholewholeimmature
0
20
40
60
80
2 . 7
5 8
. 8
1 2
. 4 1 4
1 4
. 7
1 9
. 1
2 3
. 1 7 1
Average girth of tubers (in cm)
R a
t i o
A / B
Mature & Immature Tubers
Ipomea mauritiana Jacq.
HPLC
Ratio of peaks Vs girth
A
B
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
37/45
Compounds of interest
At least 3 compounds-identified that appear to berelated to maturity
Isolation has been completed
Characterisation is ongoingin collaboration with IISC
Scopoletin and B-sitosterol
seem to be present in bothmature & immature
One compound, may be aplant sterol, significantly
higher in mature
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
38/45
Mice model using colloidal Carbon
ANIMAL STUDIES
com paris ion of phagocytic activity of mature &imm ature tube rs of Ipom oea m auritiana
00.020.040.060.08
0.10.12
C o n t r
o l
M a t u r
e - 2 5 0 m
g / k g
M a t u r
e - 5 0 0 m
g / k g
I m m a t u
r e - 2 5 0 m
g / k g
I m m a t u
r e - 5 0 0 m
g / k g
Group
p h a g o c y t i c
i n d e x
Series1
IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF VIDARI ISMORE THAN THAT IN CONTROL
BIOACTIVITY OF MATURE IS MORE THAN THAT OFIMMATURE TUBERS
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
39/45
Day & Night collection of Curcuma longaL.
Densitometric scans @ 254nm of C. longa
Bioactivity of C. longa
Effect of collection time on bioactivity of Curcuma longa (roots)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
4:00 17:00 21:00
Time of collec t ion (hrs)
L D 5 0 v a l u e
( m g / m
l )
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
40/45
Milk Decoction
Samples : water decoction, milk decoction& standard Piperine(0.5g)
Bioactivity of water decoction &milk decoction
Bioactivity of Piper longum preparations
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Milk Decoction Water decoction
Preparations
E D
5 0
( m g
/ m l )
Bioactivity of Piper longum preparations
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Milk Decoction Water decoction
Preparations
E D
5 0
( m g
/ m l )
Piperine Extracted
Milk Decoction: 0.17%Water Decoction: 0.12%
Piper longumL. (fruits)
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
41/45
In conclusion
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
42/45
Conclusion Reverse Pharmacognosy is a contextual
strategy to develop relevant standards Trans-disciplinary and inter-cultural
objective parameters, protocols andstandards need to be developed
Research into TM principles, science andpractice in order to understand therecommendations
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
43/45
ConclusionWay forward
Document TQS
Select Top 100 traded drugs & their TQS
R&D at 10 Research Partners
Develop TK based objective methods & standardsthat not only reflect identity but activity as well,through modern tools
Convert them to simple parameters & standardspossibly non-instrumental
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
44/45
Inter-cultural, Inter-disciplinary
understanding Cost-effective QC Diagnostics for the
industry Cost-effective Drugs for Consumers
Challenges
8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat
45/45
Funds : MoEF, GoI, National Geographic Society, TATA Trusts
Darshan Shankar
Vd. GG Gangadharan
Subrahmanya
Shanthi
Devaiah
Chandrakala
Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Acknowledgements
Thank You!