Review: Chapters 12, 14, and HIV

Blood

Blood

The total blood volume in an average adult is about:a. 8 liters/17 pintsb. one liter/~1 quartc. 5 liters/11 pintsd. 10 liters/21 pints

Blood plasma is made up mostly of:a. dissolved ionsb. waterc. plasma proteinsd. hemoglobin

How long do erythrocytes (red blood cells) normally stay in circulation?a. 10 daysb. 120 daysc. one yeard. one month

Oxygen is transported by red blood cells by binding to:a. specific receptors on the plasma membraneb. the iron ion in the heme portion of hemoglobinc. specific receptors on the nucleus of the red blood celld. attaching to the ABO antigen

The function of hemoglobin is to:a. protect the DNA of erythrocytesb. produce red blood cellsc. produce antibodiesd. carry oxygen

The formed elements that are fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes are:a. neutrophils b. lymphocytesc. erythrocytesd. thrombocytes= platelets

Platelets initially stick to the wall of a damaged blood vessel because:a. exposed collagen fibers make a rough surface to which the platelets are attractedb. histamine causes vasoconstriction so that the platelets can’t fit through the openingc. fibrin threads act like glue to hold them thered. the intracellular fluid is released by damaged cells in the blood vessel has a higher viscosity than plasma

ABO Blood groups and transfusions

Blood type Antigen on RBC

Antibody in plasma

A A antigen Antibody B

B B antigen Antibody A

AB A antigen

B antigen

Neither antibody

O Neither antigen

Antibody A & antibody B

ABO blood groups

Know and understand the difference between an:

Antigen: protein found on a cell

Antibody: protein in the plasma

Antibodies attach to the antigens and cause agglutination (clumping).

&

Blood type Safe Transfusion

Unsafe transfusion

“agglutination”

A A & O B & AB

B B & O A & AB

AB A, B, AB, & O None

O O A, B , & AB

Transfusion information: know and understand why/why not some mixes are safe and others are not.

A person’s ABO blood type is determined by antigens present on the:a. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)b. Platelets (thrombocytes)c. Leukocytes (white blood cells)d. blood vessels walls

Which of the following would be TRUE for a person with type B blood?a. He theoretically could donate to a type O person.b. His own plasma contains anti-B antibodies.c. He must be Rh positive.d. He theoretically could donate blood to a type AB person.

Which of the following would be TRUE for a normal person with anti-A antibodies circulating in his blood?a. He could be blood type A.b. He could be blood type B.c. He could be blood AB.d. He could be either type B or AB.

Type O is considered the theoretical universal:a. recipient because there are no A or B antigens on the red blood cellb. donor because there are no A or B antigens on the red blood cellc. recipient because there are no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in plasmad. donor because there are no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in plasma

When an Rh-negative mother becomes pregnant, when can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly occur in the child?a. if the child is Rh-positiveb. if the child is Rh-negativec. if the child is a universal donord. if the father is Rh-positive

Under which circumstances will an antigen-antibody reaction most likely occur?a. A person with type O blood is given type A blood.b. A person with type A blood is given type O blood.c. A person with type AB blood is given type O blood.d. A person with type AB blood is given type B blood.

Plateletes are best defined as a. cytoplasmic fragments of cellsb. lymphoid cellsc. giant, multinucleated cellsd. immature leukocytes

Which part of the human blood is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients, hormones, and wastes?a. red blood cellb. plateletc. plasmad. white blood cell

Which blood component is correctly paired with a process in which it is directly involved?a. red blood cells-bacteria destructionb. lymphocytes-antibody productionc. platelets-oxygen transportd. white blood cells-clotting

In humans, which of the following is produced in certain bones?a. striated muscle cellsb. red blood cellsc. uread. bile

White blood cells that contain heparin and histamines are the:a. neutrophilsb. basophilsc. lymphocytesd. eosinophils

Eosinophils are most commonly elevated during:a. viral infectionsb. infections with parasitic wormsc. bacterial infectionsd. chronic internal bleeding

The blood clot-inhibiting substance released by basophils is calleda. bilirubinb. Histaminec. Hemostasis d. heparin

= allergic response= stoppage of bleeding

An abnormal blood clot in a vessels is a?

a.Embolus

b.Pathogen

c.Thrombus

d.Leukocyte

The Lymphatic System, Immunity, &

HIV

This gland shrinks with age and produces T-lymphocytes.

a.Spleen

b.Pancreas

c.Thymus

d.Thyroid

This is the largest lymphatic organ; filters blood and produces red blood cells:

a.Spleen

b.Pancreas

c.Thymus

d.Thyroid

An important benefit of fever is that it causes:a. increased activity of phagocytosisb. reduced blood flow to the site of infectionc. activation of memory cellsd. opening of active sites on antibody molecules

Many bacteria that enter the circulatory system are engulfed and destroyed by a. phagocytic white cellsb. plateletsc. phagocytic red cellsd. plasma

WBC

Pathogen

Possibly fatal constriction of the bronchioles and a rapid drop in blood pressure are typical of:a. anaphylactic shockb. phagocytosis when it occurs too rapidlyc. overproduction of memory B cellsd. delayed immune response

You had a case of the chicken pox when you where six years old. When you were ten, your friend developed chicken pox, but you did not. This was most likely due to:a. naturally acquired active immunityb. naturally acquired passive immunityc. artificially acquired active immunityd. artificially acquired passive immunity

Receiving an immunization with an altered form of the tetanus toxin results in:a. naturally acquired active immunityb. naturally acquired passive immunityc. artificially acquired active immunityd. artificially acquired passive immunity

T cell and B cells are:a. phagocytesb. antibodiesc. lymphocytesd. both phagocytes and lymphocytes

Heat as a sign of inflammation results primarily from:a. alteration of the thermoregulatory centers in the hypothalamusb. vasoconstriction in the skin, preventing heat lossc. increased blood flow, which brings in more heat to the aread. none of the above

More blood= more WBC (macrophages)

Plasma cells are a form of:a. helper T cell (lymphocyte)b. B cell (lymphocyte)c. killer T celld. macrophage

Antibodies are produce by:a. macrophagesb. plasma cellsc. neutrophilsd. killer T-cells

The body reacts against its own cells ina. toleranceb. autoimmunityc. immunityd. awareness

Auto = self

Which substances produced in the body are directly responsible for the rejection of a transplanted organ?a. histaminesb. excretionsc. antibodiesd. antigens

Your antibodies do not recognize the antigens on the transplanted tissue.

In some individuals, substances such as pollen, mold, dust, or animal hair may cause an allergic reaction response by stimulating the releases ofa. ureab. thyroxinc. glycogend. histamines

T-lymphocytes are responsible fora. cell-mediated immunityb. antibody-mediated immunityc. programming macrophagesd. producing antibodies

A normal immune response requires the presence ofa. T-cells onlyb. neither T- nor B- cellsc. both T- and B- cellsd. B-cells only

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus primarily infects:a. plasma cellsb. helper T cellsc. killer T cellsd. red blood cells