Date post: | 02-Jan-2016 |
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Everything you need to knowfor the 1st Quarter Test
• Any website address is known as a URL. What does URL stand for?
• Universal Resource Locator
• What is the name of the first Internet, before I was called the internet?
• ARPANET
• What does GB stand for?
• GIGABYTE
• The key to good OS design is consistency. Apple completely gets this point with the positioning of the ______ at the bottom and their search function. Microsoft gambled with Windows 8 by removing the _____ ______ and replacing it with tiles.
• Dock
• Start Button / Start Menu
• The purpose of an Operating System is to ensure that a computer behaves in a _________ and _________ manner.
• Flexible
• Predictable
• What is the term used for a local collection of computers sharing information?
• Network
• An OS where hundreds of people can all use the same resource at the same time is called a _______-_______ OS.
• Multi-User
• The main brain of a computer, which does all the thinking.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• What does LAN stand for?
• LOCAL AREA NETWORK
• You are used to counting in a base-10 system, otherwise known as the __________ system.
• Decimal system, deci- meaning of 10
• The CPU takes ________ from things like the keyboard and mouse and turns them into _______ like words on your screen.
• INPUT / OUTPUT
Keyboard
ASCII Table
Letters on your screen
• The ____________ is the foremost piece of data on a hard drive that tells the BIOS how to load the OS.
• Bootstrap
• What device holds the names of computers with personal addresses so data gets where it needs to go?
• Router
• What are the two most common input devices?
• An OS inside a sealed box is called a _____-_____ OS.
• Real-Time
• This item is where all your long term data storage is saved.
• HARD DRIVE
• What is the protocol that breaks up data for transmission?
• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
• The OS manages resources such as the ___ , ___ , and _____ ________ to ensure that all programs get the appropriate amount of resources to function.
• CPU
• RAM
• Hard Drive
• What are the numbers used in binary to represent values of digits?
• 0 and 1
• What is the name of the system that assigns numeric names to computers to make sure data goes to the right places?
• IP Address
• What does ROM stand for?
• READ ONLY MEMORY
• What does RAM stand for?
• RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
• This is what you commonly call a folder. It’s technical name is _________________.
• DIRECTORY
• In binary:
– ___ stands for off
– ___ stands for on
• In binary:
– 0 stands for off
– 1 stands for on
• A byte is represented by what letter?
• A CAPITAL B
• Bytes are counted in what system?
• The metric system
• TCP breaks up data into chunks called _______________.
• Packets
• The visual representation of files and folders in an operating system is called a ___________ ______.
• Directory Tree
• An _________ _________ is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common resources for computer programs.
• Operating System
• Operating Systems allow any number of differently configured sets of ____________ to be run similarly.
• Hardware
• An OS that can only do things one at a time without multi-tasking is called a
_________-______, ______ ______ OS.
• Single-User, Single Task
• How do you convert bits into bytes?
• There are 8 bits in a byte, so to convert bits to bytes you..
• DIVIDE BY EIGHT!
• 48 megabits = 6 megabytes
• 48/8 = 6
• This is a resource for storing information, that a program can access.
• FILE
– Image.jpg = A resource for storing picture information.
– Photoshop.exe = A resource for storing a program– Lolwut.html = A resource for storing a web page.
• The way a user interacts with an Operating System is through a ____________ _______ _____________.
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• A three or four letter appendage to the end of a file is called its _________________ and allows it to be correctly paired with the program that should be opening it.
• EXTENSION
• What base is binary?
• Binary is BASE-2
• The only numbers are 0 and 1.• That’s two numbers, so base-2.
• A bit is represented by what letter?
• Lowercase b
• The API stands for ________ ___________ _________ and allows a consistent way to code a program for the OS.
• Application Programming Interface
• The piece of a computer that everything else connects into. It allows all the pieces to talk to each other to make things happen.
• Motherboard
• How fast is my download speed in megabytes per second if my download speed is 64 megabits per second?
• Divide by 8 to convert megabits into megabytes.
• 64/8 = 8
• 8MB/sec
• POST stands for ______ ______ ______ _____ and it is a series of tests the motherboard performs on itself before booting.
• Power On Self Test
• What is the name of the server that turns hostnames like www.google.com into an IP address?
• DNS (Domain Name System)
• The term used for the time in milliseconds for a packet to get to a destination and back.
• Ping
• A ______ is a unit comprised of 8 bits.
• 8 bits make a byte
• What does CPU stand for?
• Central Processing Unit
• Can you name three common types of filename extensions?
• .doc, .xls, .ppt, .exe, .pdf, .jpg, .gif, .html, etc.
• The company that provides you internet is called an ________ ____________ _________
• Internet Service Provider
• What does TB stand for?
• Terabyte
• The topmost folder that every other folder is stored in. Its name varies from computer to computer, but it’s true name is the ______ _____________.
• Root directory
• What is the standard language for websites?
• HTML– (Hypertext Markup Language)