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Review of Progress – Africa RISING Ghana
Asamoah LarbiInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
Africa RISING West Africa 2nd Review and Planning MeetingBamako, 3-5 February, 2014
Purpose of Africa RISING: Provide pathways out of hunger and poverty for small holder families, especially for women and children, through sustainably intensified farming systems that sufficiently improve productivity, nutrition, and income security and conserve or enhance the natural resource base
Africa RISING – Program
Africa RISING – Intervention communities
ARI Animal Research InstituteCBOs Community-based OrganizationsCRI Crops Research InstituteFRI Food Research InstituteGLDB Grains and Legumes Development BoardINSTI Institute for Scientific and Technological InformationKNUST Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyMOFA Ministry of Food and AgricultureMOH Ministry of HealthSARI Savanna Agricultural Research InstituteSEEDPAG Seed Producers Association of GhanaSRI Soil Research InstituteUDS University for Development StudiesUG University of Ghana
Africa RISING – Ghana: National partners
AVRDC The World Vegetable Center
CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture
ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics
IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
ILRI International Livestock Research Institute
IWMI International Water Management Institute
Africa RISING – Ghana: International partners
Farmer
Researcher
Approach: Farming Systems Research
Extension Agent
CharacterizationDesigningTesting/AdaptingDiffusion
Africa RISING Research Outputs Farming Systems Research Stages
Situation analysis Farming systems characterization
Designing
Integrated systems development Testing
Adapting
Scaling and delivery Diffusion
Africa RISING Research Outputs vrs. Stages in Farming Systems Research
Community analysis and mobilization
Cropping systems - cereals
Cropping systems – sorghum and millet
Cropping systems – cereals-legume
Cropping systems – legumes
Cropping systems – vegetables
Livestock – small ruminants
Livestock – rural poultry and pigs
Constrains to livestock production in the intervention communities and suggested solutionsMain problems Suggested solutions1. Poor housing Support in cash for housing construction or housing package
2. High disease and mortality Confinement of animals to reduce exposure and better access to veterinary services
3. Lack of improved breeds Better management of the local breeds, buying the improved breeds and the supply of these breeds in the form of support.
4. Conflict with crops farmers Confinement and herding of the flock5. Inadequate feed Collection and conservation of crops residue; subsidized concentrate
feeds and training in better feeding practices
6 Low prices offered by marketing agents and processors for animals
1.Formation of farmer groups to negotiate good prices for members; 2.Weighing of animals and sell according to animals’ weight.
8. Lack water in the dry season
Construction of dug-outs and small reservoirs and supply of materials for rain water harvesting.
9. Access to credit Formation of farmers groups and cooperative to facilitate access to credit and external support.
10. High cost of veterinary drags Government subsidy and support from NGOs in form animal health service package.
Livestock – production constrains and solutions
Situation analysis (Research output 1) Leader1Community mobilization and innovation platforms IITA2Farming systems analysis WUR3Inventory of innovations IITA
Integrated systems management (Research output 2)4Improving cereal-legume systems IITA5Land management strategies CIAT6Agricultural water management IWMI7Improving cattle, sheep and goat production ILRI8Intensifying rural pig and poultry production KNUST9Improving farm household nutrition GHS, FRI
Scaling and delivery (Research output 3)10Comparison of delivery approaches MoFA, UDS
Africa RISING-Ghana: 2013 Work plan
Cereals: rice yield gap
Farmer-managed Researcher-managed0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Fille
d gr
ain
(kg/
ha)
1 2 3 4 5 6 70
2000
4000
6000
8000
Farmer practice Improved practice
Farmers
Fille
d gr
ain
(kg/
ha)
Cereals – improved management effects on rice
FV (Unn)
TZ-SMN-86
NOKH1003
FV (Unn Manna)
NOKH1004
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Fruit yield (t/ha)
Vegetables: Okra fruit yield – farmers’ field day
Landless Small Medium Large0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tibali Tingoli
Wealth Category
% o
f the
Hou
seho
ld
Landless Small Medium Large0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Guo Papu
Wealth Category
% o
f the
Hou
seho
ld
Landless Small Medium Large0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Gia Bonia
Wealth Category
% o
f the
Hou
seho
ld
Northern region Upper West region Upper East region
• Landless household: No land, no livestock; • Small household : < 3 acre of land & < 6 ruminant; • Medium Household: 3 – 10 acre of land & 6 – 30 ruminant;• Large Household: > 10 acre of land & > 30 ruminant
Livestock – rural poultry and pigs
Crop residues
13%
Grazing67%
Naturally oc-curing & col-lected forage
11%
Purchased10%
Crop residues16%
Cultivated fodder8%
Grazing63%
Naturally occur-ing & collected
forage13%
Crop residues22%
Cultivated fodder5%
Grazing50%
Naturally occur-ing & collected
forage18%
Purchased5%
Bonia, Upper East Guo, Upper West Tibali, Northern
Livestock – sources of ruminant diets
Regions Districts Communities
Upper EastBongo Samboligo
Kassena-Nankana Bonia, Gia
Upper West Nadowli-Kaleo Goriyiri, Guo, Goli,
Gyilli
Wa West Nato-Duori, Nyaggli
NorthernSavelugu-Nanton Jana, Libiga, Tibale,
Tolon-Kumbungu Gbanjong, Tibongnaayili, Kpirim, Cheyohi
Rural poultry and pig systems characterization
Species Upper East Upper West Northern
Guinea fowls 100 76.3 64.3
Chickens 100 96.6 91.4Turkeys 0 6.8 0Ducks 19.6 15.3 4.3Pigeons 5.9 1.7 0
Species of poultry reared by farmers (%)
UER UWR NR Mean
System of productionSemi-intensive 100 94.9 97.1 97.3Free Range 0 5.1 2.9 2.7
HousingMud 78.4 96.6 87.2 87.4Wooden 13.7 0 11.4 8.4Others 7.8 0 1.4 3.1
FeedingGrains + scavenging 98 100 82.9 93.6Feed + scavenging 0 0 14.3 4.8Scavenging only 2 0 2.9 1.6
BreedingUncontrolled mating 100 100 100 100Incub. & brood. by hen 100 100 100 100
Poultry production systems and management practices (%)
UER: Upper East Region; UWR: Upper West Region; NR: Northern Region
UER UWR NR Mean Sale 94.1 89.8 97.1 93.7No sale 5.9 10.2 2.9 6.3 Income (birds) 96.1 84.7 50 76.9Income (eggs) 3.9 5.1 44.3 17.8 Buying of food 86.3 79.7 78.6 81.5Paying of schools fees 72.5 54.2 70 65.6Health-care 35.3 49.2 24.3 36.3
Sale of poultry and uses of income (%)
UER: Upper East Region; UWR: Upper West Region; NR: Northern Region
UER UWR NR Mean
Pests and diseases 100 91.5 85.7 92.4
High keet mortality 78.4 69.5 68.6 72.2
Predation 82.4 69.5 61.4 71.1
Lack of knowledge 60.8 62.7 30 51.2
Feed shortage 56.9 62.7 25.7 48.4
Poultry production constraints (%)
UER: Upper East Region; UWR: Upper West Region; NR: Northern Region
Breeds Upper East Upper West NorthernExotic 14.6 8.8 22.2Local 78.2 82.5 77.8Crosses 6.2 1.8 0 Source of breeds Local producers 70.8 88.1 88.9Other producers 25 7.1 11Breeding stations 8.4 5.3 9Relative/friend 8.4 0 0
Breeds of pigs reared and their sources (%)
Upper East Upper West Northern
System of productionIntensive 27.1 7 88.9Semi-intensive 64.6 77.2 11.1Extensive 8.3 8.8 0
Housing
Enclosed structures 97.9 68.4 100Confinement 22.9 5.3 100Partial confinement 64.6 70.2 0
FeedingComplete feed only 23 24.6 100Scavenging+Supplement 35.4 64.9 0Scavenging only 8.3 1.8 0
BreedingUncontrolled mating 100 100 0Controlled mating 0 0 100
Pig production systems and management practices (%)
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (PIGS)
Housing
Upper East
Upper West Northern
Disease
Internal parasites 72.9 36.8 100
External parasites 2.1 1.8 0
African Swine Fever 2.1 5.3 11.1
Diarrhoea 2.1 0 0
Handling
Veterinary officer 52.1 14 33.3
Comm. Livestock Worker 2.1 8.8 0
Farmer 20.8 15.8 66.7
Major diseases and their treatment (%)
Upper East Upper West NorthernSale 66.5 70.1 88.9No sale 33.5 29.9 11.1 Middlemen 47.9 35.1 77.8Pito brewers 4.2 3.5 0Butchers 35.6 35.2 66.7Public 2.1 7 0 Profitable 87.5 73.7 100Not profitable 12.5 26.3 0
Pigs – sales, market channels and profitability (%)
Upper East Upper West Northern
Pests and diseases 97.9 89.5 100
Housing materials 97.9 89.5 100
Feed shortage 87.5 82.5 100
Constrains – pig production
Improving farm household nutrition
Problem – wasting and under weight high among children
Causes Food insecurity Mal-nutrition – poverty, food processing, feeding practices
Solutions Improve quality food intake -crop varieties, livestock breeds Diversification – production, diets Processing – better cooking practices
Improving farm household nutrition
Provide baseline data
Study food consumption patterns
Nutritional status of children and caretakers
Document food processing and cooking methods
Mineral profiles of leafy vegetables
Design appropriate nutritional interventions
Household nutrition survey
Severely Moderately Marginally Normal
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)Northern (n=201) 19 (9.5) 63 (31.3) 56 (27.9) 63 (31.3)
Upper West (n=149) 3 (2.0) 19 (12.8) 46 (30.9) 81 (54.4)
Upper East (n=146) 5 (3.4) 23 (15.8) 48 (32.9) 70 (47.9)
Total (N=496) 27 (5.4) 105 (21.2) 150 (30.2) 214 (43.1)
p-value= < 0.0001*
Stunting in children (0-60 months of age: HAZ score)
Chayoli Tibali Zanko Goli Bonia Sambulgu0
20
40
60
80
100
Malnourished Nourished
Intervention community
Per
cent
age
(%)
Nutritional status of children (0-60 months of age)
Stunting in children by sex
Cereals
Roots & Tubers
Vegetables
Fruits
Meat
Eggs
Fish & Seafoods
Legumes
Milk
Oils
Sweets
Spices
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Upper WestUpper EastNorthern
*
*
*
Household consumption of different food groups
Households (%)
Vegetable species Iron Zinc
Amaranthus leaves 54.02±6.34m 5.87±0.88jz
Sorrel leaves 49.42±4.70m 2.62±0.22xy
Bitter leaves 34.94±0.13k 9.58±0.57b
Pumpkin leaves 70.63±1.51p 9.38±1.31b
Micro-nutrient concentration–leafy vegetables (mg/kg, weight weight)
Dissemination – farmers’ field day Upper West
Capacity building – experimental design short-course
MSc PhDUniversity of Ghana 3 0
Kwame Nkrumah Univ. of Science & Techn 1 2
University of Development Studies 1 0
Total 5 2
Capacity building – graduate training
Technology development versus socio-economics..????
Focus on farming systems research
Integration of activities
Small-scale mechanization and post-harvest losses….???
Value addition…???
Looking ahead………..???????
Forget your sorrows and
dance – life is short
Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net