Review of the Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator Configurations for Energy Performance

Improvement

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By:1,2Saleh, A. U, 2S. A. Jumaat*

1 Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Johor, Malaysia.

2Centre for Atmospheric Research, National Space Research and Development Agency, Kogi State University Campus Anyigba, Nigeria.

GRaCe 202: Global Research Conference

November, 2020

Creating opportunities

Outline

Introduction Why Hybrid PV-TEG? Existing systems research Our propose system Methodology Expected results Conclusion Acknowledgements

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Introduction

General overview

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Energy Situation

Lifespan and Reliability

Photovoltaic Thermoelectric Generator

IntroductionEnergy is the mainstay of any economy[1]. It is one of the essential instruments

for national development and has a major impact on every aspect of our socio-economic [2].

With a rising population and the level of gross domestic product (GDP), energyconsumption is increasing daily. 80 per cent of the global energy demand is fromfossil fuel, and thus bring about the continuous diminishing of the fossil fuelreservoirs as such, this makes researchers shift their attention to renewableenergy [3]

Renewable energy, such as hydroelectricity, wind, solar, bioenergy, andgeothermal energy, is energy derived by the natural processes that are replenishedthroughout human life. Solar is the most readily available [4].

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Introduction Cont.Solar energy is radiant Sun light and heat used as photovoltaic or solar thermal

energy. It has unique characteristics of being clean, inexhaustible, unlimited andenvironmentally friendly. Such characteristics have attracted the energy sector touse renewable energy sources [5].

Solar Photovoltaic has been one of the two essential technologies for solarenergy. The conversion efficiency of PV cell is only about 5-10 % this is due tothe excess heat on the PV cell from solar which, increases the PV cell operatingtemperature, thereby reducing its conversion efficiency [6].

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Introduction Cont.

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Solar cells convert solar energy to electrical energy using the photoelectric effect.

Sh

SAKTIRVq

OL RIRVeIII

S +−−−=

+

)1()(

Photovoltaic (PV)

Introduction Cont.The power curve from the solar cell has a maximum point at which the cell is mostefficient

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Temperature effect of a photovoltaic cell on the I-V characteristics [18]

Introduction Cont. Thermoelectric Generatos (TEG)

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Thermoelectric Generators generate electrical power from thermal energy by the use ofthe Seebeck effect, This effect produce potential difference due temperature gradient

TGV

IGrGVV

∆=

−=

α

PV-TEG Hybrid System The PV-TE hybrid system consists of a PV panel and a TEG, both of which can produce

electricity

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Photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) are semiconductor modules that canconvert solar energy sources into electrical power by combining the two modules forincreasing power output and efficiencies

Why Hybrid PV-TE?

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The hybrid Photovoltaic Thermoelectric Generator (PV-TEG) system's energy outputis an improved energy with its output being electricity and heat.

The key factors for achieving good performance from this system are the photovoltaicpanel cell temperature and the PV cell's cooling means.

The system efficiency depends largely on good system design and integration of theTEG with PV module.

The main idea of using TEG is to collect the heat from PV module to reduce the celltemperature for achieving better electrical efficiency.

The module's thermal efficiency can be significantly increased and additional heatfrom the module can be extracted to produce electrical energy.

Hybrid PV-TEG system

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Presently, the main concern with renewable energy sources is their low efficiencies

Photovoltaic Solar Panel n ~ 5-10% Thermoelectric Generator n ~ 0-5%

Solar and thermal energy sources are usually available simultaneously.

The work presents the reviews of the existing work in this field and introduction of oursandwich PV-TEG coupling in between shingle

Application of Hybrid PV-TEG.Application of the system Vehicles

Solar cells on roof TEGs under the hood/near exhaust

House Solar Panels on roof Indoor/Outdoor temperature difference

Naval Vessels A lot of space for Photovoltaic arrays as auxiliary power supply TEGs on hull for exterior/interior temperature difference

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ReviewsSome of the review work on the hybrid PV-TEG

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Author Method FindingLi et al. [30] i. Simulation with

Crystalline Silicon PV

ii. Simulation with GaAs PV

11.07% for the PV-TEG and 9.5% for PV efficiency.0.0085/K was the figure of merit, and TE loadresistance was 0.75Ω. For GaAs, 0.0022/K was thefigure of merit and TE load resistance of 1.60Ω

Zhu et al. [31] Experiment and simulationusing MonocrystallineSilicon.

The TEG added 648J as additional electrical energyfor zero solar radiation period.

Cui et al. [32] Experiment using single-junction GaAs and Bismuthtelluride

Using Phase change material (PCM), 13.45%increase in the PV-TEG was obtained, the PV wasalso observed to have 13.43%.

Zhou et al. [33] Experiment using DSSC andBismuth Telluride

9.08% PV-TEG, 7.21% PV. The hybrid systemperformed better than the TEG with 725.5%.Increase in efficiency than the TEG.

Lamba et al. [34] Simulation usingMonocrystalline as PV andthe TEG was Bismuthtelluride

7.44% PV/TEG, 7.068% PV. The system achieved595.5 mW power output.

ReviewsSome of the review work on the hybrid PV-TEG

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Dallan et al. [35] Experiment usingMonocrystalline Siliconwith Bismuth telluride

The hybrid system achieved 13.2%, the PV was8.1%. The PV has the output power as 60.5 W/m2,

whereas the TE output power was 0.01 W/m2.Soltani et al.[36]

Experiment using CrystallineSilicon and Bismuth telluridewith nanofluid as a means ofcooling

3.355% increase in PV-TEG. The output power hasan increased of 8.26%.

Li et al. [37] Simulation using

i. CIGS and BismuthTelluride

ii. Thin-film silicon andBismuth telluride

iii. Polymer and BismuthTelluride.

21.6% for the PV-TEG while 20.71% for the PValone Concentration ratio was 200.

13.1% 12.89% Concentration ratio was 200.

8% 7.47% Concentration ratio was 180.

Methodology

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Methodology chart

Methodology Cont.

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Proposed System Experimental setup

Methodology Cont.

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Controlled Experiment System setup

Methodology Cont.

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Experimental setup

Expected Results It is expected that an efficient and effective experimental work will be carried out to

investigate the suitability of which PV panel that will be suitable for integration with TEG todevelop PV-TEG hybrid system based on its temperature dependence for improvedperformance under standard laboratory test conditions. The panels including monocrystallinesilicon (m-Si) and polycrystalline silicon (p-Si.).

A hybrid PV-TEG system will be designed using a roofing shingle as a thermal buffer tobalance the system's thermal fluctuation and a potential cooling means for maximumefficiency.

The system will be simulated using MATLAB to optimize and validate the performance ofthe entire system.

Finally, improvements in the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic systems areexpected through various system configurations to provide efficient PV cooling and allowwaste heat utilization for useful applications using TEG

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conclusionAt the end of the research work, it is expected to play a great role in addressing the

performance challenges of PV cell as a result of high temperature, especially in countrieslike Asia and Africa with abundant solar energy potential and high ambient temperature

The findings of this work will have a substantial impact on the scientific community. Thiswork has the potential to open the market for this novel method of utilizing the roofingshingle as an energy buffer. The system prototype can help manufacturers and suppliers toexpand their business, as the system can be replicated in a variety of settings around theworld.

In terms of new technology, a revolutionary technique for the recovery of thermal wasteheat from PV modules would be implemented where the efficient use of solar energyavailable from the sun is allowed.

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AcknowledgementThe authors appreciate Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Center for Atmospheric Research, Kogi State University Anyigba, Nigeria, Faculty of Mechanical and Production Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

for their support and encouragement for making everything necessary and accessible to us

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Thank You

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