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REVIEW OF THE WATER RESOUCERS IN THE DEPARTAMENTAL CAPITAL CITIES OF BOLIVIA Dr. Ing. Fernando Urquidi-Barrau ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS DE BOLIVIA I.A.N.A.S. Lima, Perú DECEMBER 2013
REVIEW OF THE WATER RESOUCERSIN THE DEPARTAMENTAL CAPITAL CITIES
OF BOLIVIA
Dr. Ing. Fernando Urquidi-BarrauACADEMIA NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS DE BOLIVIA
I.A.N.A.S.Lima, Perú
DECEMBER2013
ESTADO
PLURINACIONAL
DE BOLIVIA
9 Departments
112 Provinces
339 Municipal Autonomous
Governments
Population: 10,027,254 hab.
5,715,631 habitants (57%)
reside in the urban area
4,361,623 habitants (43%)
reside in the rural area
TABLE 1. DEPARTAMENTAL CAPITAL CITIES
Capital CityUrban
Population²
Capital City
Surface²
(Km²)
Number
of Home³
Volume of
Water (Lt/day)
La Paz /El Alto¹ 1,613,457 592 370,574 187,129,000
Santa Cruz de la Sierra 1,453,549 567 252,136 172,800,000
Cochabamba 630,587 108 123,477 73,785,000
Oruro 264,638 29 59,277 27,000,000
Sucre 259,388 34 49,979 25,435,000
Tarija 205,349 42 36,126 35,037,000
Potosí 189,652 31 35,182 18,064,000
Trinidad 106,422 24 15,588 10,500,000
Cobija 46,267 20 4,923 2,130,000
Total Capitals 4,764,309 1,446 947,262 551,880,000
Total Bolivia 10,027,254 1,098,581 1,977,665 ------
Notas: ¹ Metropolitan Area of La Paz: City of La Paz 764,617 inhabitants – El Alto 848,840 inhabitants.
² CNPV 2012
³ CNPV 2001
TABLE 2. TYPE OF ADMINISTRATION AND WATER VOLUME OFFERED
Capital City Company / EPSA Water Source Flow (Lt/Seg)
LA PAZ /
EL ALTO
EPSAS S.A.
(Mixed-property Company – Partially
State Owned)
8 superficial water sources: Tuni, Condoriri,
Huayna Potosí, Milluni, Choqueyapu, Incachaca,
Ajan Kkota, and Hampaturi Bajo.
Underground water: Tilala System (30 wells)
Range: 2,011 – 3,000
SANTA CRUZ SAGUAPAC (Cooperative) Underground water Range: 347 – 2,067
9 Small Private Cooperatives Superficial sources 722
COCHABAMBA SEMAPA
(Municipal Company)
Superficial sources: Escalerani, Wara Wara,
Hierbabuenani and ChungaraRange: 191 – 404
Underground water: Quillacollo 462
SUCRE ELAPAS
(Municipal Company)
Superficial sources: Cajamarca system which
includes the rivers Cajamarca, Safiri and Punilla 80
Superficial sources: Ravelo system which
includes the rivers Ravelo, Peras Mayum
Jalaqueri, Murillo and Fisculco
390
ORURO
Servicio Local de Acueductos y
Alcantarillado – SeLA
(Municipal Company)
Superficial sources: Rivers Sepulturas and
Huayña Porto34
Underground water: Challa Pampa, Challa
Pampita and Aeropuerto 528
POTOSÍ AAPOS
(Comunal Company)
Superficial sources: River San Juan and 21
lagoons (Khari Khari, Tarapaya, Irupampa,
Illimani, Challuna)
220
TRINIDAD COATRI (Cooperative) Underground water 118
TARIJA COSAALT
(Cooperative)
Superficial sources: Rivers Rincon, La Victoria,
Guadalquivir and San Jacinto574
Underground water 279
COBIJA COSAPCO (Cooperative) Superficial sources: Arroyo Bahía 24
TABLE 3. WATER DISTRIBUTED TO THE HOMES THROUGH PIPE NETS
DEPARTAMENTS
Departament%Total
Coverage
%Total
Coverage
%Total
Coverage
%Total
Coverage
Urban Area
%Total
Coverage
Urban Area
Source WB (1999) INE (2001) INE(2013) WHO (2001) INE (2001)
CHUQUISACA 52 53.9 39.1 86.6 86.0
COCHABAMBA 66 53.9 54.4 70.5 68.6
LA PAZ 80 65.5 70.6 99.9 85.6
ORURO 74 57.5 63.6 90.3 85.6
POTOSÍ 52 44.0 55.6 81.3 86.5
TARIJA 73 75.5 81.5 90.3 90.8
SANTA CRUZ 83 77.7 82.3 94.2 90.4
BENI 57 35.1 40.8 --- 47.6
PANDO 31 38.6 32.0 --- 73.5
Source: CNPV 2001
TABLE 4. HOME WATER DISTRIBUTION
System
Urban Area Rural Area
Total
Home%
Total
Home%
Network Pipes
1,210,962
82.93
766,703
26.63
Public Faucet 5.33 10.78
Well or Draw Well with
Pump1.93 5.99
Well or Draw Well without
Pump3.45 22.00
River, Spring or Stream 0.93 27.65
Lake, Lagoon or Swamp 0.10 2.07
Water Truck 3.15 0.34
Other 2.18 1.54
Source: CNPV 2001
TABLE 5. WATER DISTRIBUTION BY NETWORK PIPES
SystemUrban Area
%
Rural Area
%
Inside the Home 44.78 4.86
Outside the Home, but
Inside the Lot46.89 47.19
Outside the Lot 2.03 6.35
Do not have Network
Pipes at the Home6.30 41.57
Source: CNPV 2001
TABLE 6. HOME SANITARY SYSTEM
AvailabilityUrban Area
%
Rural Area
%
Yes, It Has 88.36 42.32
No, It Has Not 11.64 57.68
Mode of UseUrban Area
%
Rural Area
%
Private 63.82 36.12
Shared 24.54 6.20
Does Not Have Bathroom 11.64 57.68
Drain or LatrineUrban Area
%
Rural Area
%
Sewer 55.25 2.07
Septic Chamber 12.51 4.08
Cesspool 19.66 34.27
Open Site (street/river) 0.94 1.90
Does Not Have Bathroom 11.64 57.68
Source: CNPV 2001
TABLE 7. CITY COLLETION OF SOLID RESIDUES (WASTE MATTER),
ACCORDING TO ORIGEN (In MT)
Origen 2008 2009 2010 2011
TOTAL 873,728 954,628 995,519 1,010,192
Home 712,998 954,629 995,519 782,339
Public Areas 63,008 62,070 70,469 57,273
Markets 52,848 59,064 73,263 68,428
Hospitals 7,254 7,309 9,642 11,267
Others 37,620 90,627 84,158 90,885
Source: CNPV 2001
TABLE 8. VOLUME TREATED OF RESIDUAL WATER (in Lt/seg)
Capital City 2008 2009 2010
La Paz/El Alto n.d. n.d. n.d.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra 1,009 1,053 1,116
Cochabamba 795 655 522
Oruro 245 750 750
Sucre 140 152 145
Potosí 13 125 132
Tarija 162 167 174
Trinidad 74 76 76
Cobija n.d. n.d. n.d.
TOTAL 2,478 3,022 2,966
TABLE 9. WATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN CAPITAL CITIES
Treatment Plant Treatment Type
Treatment
Designed
Capacity
q (Lt/seg)
Current
Treatment
Flow
q (Lt/seg)
Effluent
q (Lt/seg)
Alba Rancho
(Cochabamba) (1986)
12 stabilization ponds (8 for
secondary treatment and 4 for
tertiary treatment)
400 568 290.0
Lagunas del Parque
Industrial, Santa Cruz de
la Sierra (1980)
6 stabilization ponds (5 for
tertiary treatment) 27.2 27.1 26.7
Lagunas Norte Viejas,
Santa Cruz (1970)
4 stabilization ponds that
operate in an anaerobic-
facultative system
102.8 102.9 102.7
Lagunas Norte Nuevas,
Santa Cruz (1989)
4 stabilization ponds that
operate in serial with a
facultative-polish system251.7 254.9 247.0
La Tabladita, Tarija (1992)
2 stabilization ponds (primary
anaerobic treatment), and 2
stabilization ponds (1
secondary treatment and 1
tertiary treatment)
63.4 133 108.1
Puchuckollo, El Alto 12 stabilization in 2 series,
each one with 6 ponds 446 267 248
TABLE 10. AMOUNT OF RESIDUAL WATER DISCHARGED IN THE
CAPITAL CITIES – YEAR 2001
Capital CityUrban
Population
Water Residual
Discharged Lt/seg
Volume
Million of m³/year
La Paz/El Alto 1,549,759 1,291.50 40.70
Santa Cruz 1,543,429 1,286.20 40.60
Cochabamba 855,277 712.70 22.50
Oruro 237,286 197.70 6.20
Sucre 217,019 180.80 5.70
Potosí 237,576 198.00 6.20
Tarija 247,690 206.40 6.50
Trinidad 244,207 203.50 6.40
Cobija 20,987 17.50 0.60
TOTAL 5,133,230 4,294.40 135.40
TABLE 11. USAGE OF THE RESIDUAL WATERS IN
PERI-URBAN AREAS OF THE DEPARTAMENTAL CAPITALS
AND THE CITY OF EL ALTO
Capital City Usage
Cochabamba
Direct usage of the effluent of the treatment plant
and indirect usage of contaminated water of Río
Rocha
La Paz
The city of La Paz does not have a treatment plant.
Untreated water discharges go for indirect usage to
the Río La Paz watershed
El Alto
(con-urban city)
Indirect usage through Río Seco, where residual
water discharges are headed from the Puchuckollo
treatment plant
Oruro There is no water re-usage. The effluent water of
the treatment plant is discharged on the salty flats
Santa Cruz de la Sierra,
Trinidad, Cobija
There is no water re-usage. Abundant water rain
permits agriculture without the need of irrigation
Tarija, Sucre, Potosí Without data
METROPOLITAN AREA OF LA PAZ
WATER SOURCES AND SYSTEMS
HAMPATURI BAJO
INCACHACA
MILLUNI
AJUAN KHOTA
CONDORIRI
TUNI
TOMA HUAYNA POTOSI
TILATA WELLS
MESETA EL ALTO
TALUD EL ALTO
ACHACHICALA
PAMPAHASI
LAGUNA JANKO KKOTA
CHOQUEYAPU RIVER
PUCHUKOLLO PLANT
PAMPAHASI SYSTEM
ACHACHICALA SYSTEM
ACHACHICALA SYSTEM
MESETA SYSTEM
MESETA SYSTEM
MILLUNI LAKE
TILATA SYSTEM (Underground Water)
THANK YOU
