REVIEW SESSION

Or

The Whole of Psychology in under 90 minutes

Higher Level Cognition Availability Representativeness Base Rate Fallacy Gambler’s Fallacy Anchoring Confirmation Bias Loss Avoidance Status Quo Bias Weighting Bias

Emotions Evidence of universality Biological Components Theories

James-Lange Two Factor

Current Issues Separability of emotion and cognition Emotional Intelligence

Motivation Theorists -- why do we do what we do?

Freud: “To meet an unconscious need” Hull: “To achieve homeostasis” Skinner: “To get a reward” Rotter: “Because she expected she would

get across and it was important to her to get across”

Maslow: “To achieve self actualization”

Motivation The effects of rewards

Lepper study & similar

Learned helplessness & attribution Depressive style -- internal, stable, global

Stress Types of stress:

acute and chronic physical threat, psychological/social threat.

Stress activates the sympathetic "fight or flight" response. Parasympathetic response counteracts that.

Prolonged activation can cause damage: heart disease, reproduction, growth, digestion, immunity

Stress Eustress

Methods of coping: control, humor, optimism, social support, relaxation.

Individual differences in stress response: Type A vs. B and hardiness,

Personality

Freud Contributions, criticisms &

methods Concepts

Psychic determinism Id, Superego, Ego

Theory of psychosexual stages of development

Methods of assessment Projective Paper& pencil

Big Five factors

Personality

Defense mechanisms Reaction Formation Rationalization Regression Projection Denial Repression

The Power of the Situation

Errors and Biases Fundamental Attribution Error Just Word Bias

Conformity Asch

Obedience Milgram

Social Roles Zimbardo

Social Reality & Positive Social Psych

Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger & Carlsmith) Perceiving Social Reality (Hastorf &Cantril)

Self-Fulfilling Prophesies (Rosenthal & Jacobson)

Stereotyping & Prejudice Sherif “Robber’s Cave” Role of Errors & Biases

Social Reality & Positive Social Psych

Methods of Persuasion Reciprocity, Consistency, Social Proof,

Liking, Authority, Scarcity, Foot in the Door, Door in the Face, “Even a penny will help”, “Because . . .”

Helping & Liking

Abnormal Three classic symptoms of mental

disorder: hallucinations, delusions and affective disturbances

Some symptoms of mental disorder in all of us, not cut & dry line betweenwhat is abnormal and what is not.

Medical model vs. psychological model

Abnormal

DSM-IV divides mental disorders into thematic

categories diagnoses by using symptom profiles

instead of hard and fast criteria requires distress or impairment in

functioning to be considered disorder Important to remember that must cause

problems with functioning to be considered a disorder.

Abnormal

Know gist of following disorders: specific phobia OCD Depression schizophrenia

Abnormality in Social Context Definitions of abnormality

Distress, Maladaptiveness, Irrationality, Unpredictability, Unconventionality, Observer Discomfort

Effects of labels

Social and political uses of labels

Abnormality in Social Context Cultural variations -- reasons

Personality / cognitive style Definitions of mental illness Acceptability of mental (as opposed to physical)

distress Usage of medical and psychological services Views of the origins and treatment of illness Bias of Clinicians? Problems with assessment tools?

Therapy Behavioral Therapy

Flooding Systematic Desensitization Aversion Therapy Social Learning Therapy Operant Conditioning Therapy

Cognitive Therapy Family Therapy

Therapy Psychoanalytic Therapy

Freud Jung – archetypes and collective unconscious Projective Tests

Humanistic Therapy Unconditional Positive Regard, Genuineness,

Non-Directive Guidance

Therapy Biomedical Therapy

Drugs Surgery Electroconvulsive Therapy

Thank You for Being Such Great Students!

Good Luck on the Final!!