Review Stress ResponseLife- stressorPerceive as a threatALARM—Hippocampus (leads to an emotion)SEAT OF EMOTIONS- Limbic System (…physical

response)RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM– (mind-body link)SUPERVISOR- Hypothalamus (endocrine and

autonomic)Endocrine—Hormones (cortisol and vasopressin)Autonomic- Sympathetic =ON, Parasympathetic =OFF

Hot ReactorsPeople who react to stress with an all-out physiological

reaction.

This type of person tends to:Become angry easilyBe anxious or depressedUrinate frequentlyNausea and vomitingExperience gastrointestinal problems

Psychosomatic DiseaseNot “all in the mind” involves both

mind and the body.Psychosomatic disease may be:

PsychogenicSomatogenic

At least 75%, if not more, of doctor visits are believed to have a stress component

Psychogenic-A physical disease caused by emotional

stress without a microorganism involved.The mind changes the body’s physiology so that body part

breaks down. Ulcers Asthma

Somatogenic-A disease that results from the mind increasing the body’s susceptibility to:Disease causing organisms (germs)Natural degenerative processes

Cancer Arthritis

Stress and ImmunologyStress can decrease your white blood cell count

which will lead to poor health.Immunological system includes the following white

blood cell groups which identify and destroy foreign substances:Phagocytes-destroyersLymphocytes

T cells B cells

Stress and Serum CholesterolSignificantly increases during stress. Accumulates on the walls of your blood vessels

blocking the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart and brain.

Studies show that one’s perception of a stressful situation can increase serum cholesterol levels.Final ExamsTax Accountants (April 15th)

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)Excessive pressure of blood against the walls of arteriesRuptured arteries to the heart can result in a Myocardial

Infarction (Heart Attack)Ruptured arteries to the brain can cause a cerebral

hemorrhage (Stroke)41% of Americans age 20-74 are Hypertensive16% of Americans age 20-24 are Hypertensive

Most don’t know it because it occurs without S/S.

Hypertension:20% of America has hypertensionSystolic-force against the arterial walls

when the heart contracts and blood is pumped out.

Diastolic-force against the arterial walls when the heart is relaxed.

Normal: 120/80High: 140/90

High blood pressure

Hypertension: Causes

High sodium intakeKidney diseaseCushing's syndromeOral contraceptivesNarrow heart/blood

vessels

SmokingSedentarinessObesityStressPersonality traits

10% Known 90% Speculation- essential hypertension

Hypertension: Personality TraitsUpset by criticismUpset by imperfectionPent up anger, bitternessLow self-confidence

Migraine HeadachesConstriction and dilation of the carotid arteries on one side of the head.

Prodrome- “preattack” or constriction phase of a migraine headache.

Coronary Heart DiseaseHeart attacks kill more Americans than any other single

cause of death. (Myocardial Infarction)Major risk factors associated with CHD:

High serum cholesterolHypertensionSmoking Obesity

Stress and a Type A behavior linked to CHDAggressiveCompetitiveTime urgentMultitasking

Coronary Heart DiseaseOther Risks

GeneticsSedentarinessHigh fat intakePersonality traits:

anger / hostile / resentful / bitterOccupation:

the more stressful the job, the more prevalent is heart disease

Day of the week Monday vs. Friday

Prevention of CHDReduce Fat IntakeMove DailyStop SmokingLife style (Stress Management)“Heart Transplant”

Forgive othersForgive yourself“Mend fences” in relationships

Stress Flow Chart….1. .2. .3. .4. .5. .6. .7. .8. .

9.10.

CancerDefinition: Unbridled multiplication of

cells that leads to tumors, organ damage, and eventual death.

Metastisis: 4-part cycle of malignant tumorShedSpreadColonizeGrow

CancerThe marvel of your immune system is its

ability to distinguish between what’s ‘you’ and belongs from what’s ‘new’ and doesn’t belong.

AntigenAny ‘new’ substance that triggers your

immune responseCancer Fighters

Interpheron, Interlucken2, Lymphotoxin, T-Lymphocytes

Cancer

Chronic stress may disable the immune system in some people with some types of tumors

(Not stating stress causes cancer!)

Seven Danger Signs of CancerSores that don’t healLump or thickeningUnusual bleeding / dischargePersistent cough / hoarsenessPersistent indigestionChange in wart or moleChange in normal bowel / bladder

habits

Characteristics

Inability to forgiveUse of self-pityDifficulty developing / maintaining

personal relationshipsPoor self-image

of people prone to cancer

Reducing Cancer Risk

Dietary Intake (35% of cancers)Lower fat intake to

20%Increase fiber, whole

grainsIncrease fruits,

vegetablesModerate alcohol

consumptionAvoid salt and nitrate

cured foodsAvoid smoked foods

Stress ManagementMaintain healthy

coping techniquesLimit unnecessary

stressorsStrengthen

relationshipsExercise Down time

• Stop smoking (30% of cancers)

Reduced or Fat Free AlternativesFruitVegetablesSkim milkNonfat sour creamFat free cream cheeseFat free mayonnaiseWater based soupRiceTomato based saucesTurkeyCereal/oatmeal/cream

of wheat

TunaPretzelsLow fat cottage cheeseLow fat yogurtGraham crackersBaked fishChicken (skinless and

baked)Low fat bisquickLow fat muffin mixNoodlesBreadPotatoes

Top Five Nutritious FruitsWatermelon

Vitamin C, carotenoids, good fiber, low in caloriesPapaya

Vitamin C, carotenoids, lots of potassium and fiber

OrangeVitamin C, folate, lots of fiber

GrapefruitVitamin C, cholesterol lowering, pectin

ApricotsBeta-carotene, potassium and fiber

Top Five VegetablesSpinach

Beta-carotene, vitamin C, folate, iron potassium, calcium

Sweet PotatoesPotassium, vitamin C, beta-carotene, fiber

Collard greensBeta-carotene, cancer prevention power,

vitamin C, folate, calcium, fiberCarrots

Beta-carotene and fiberSweet Red Pepper

Vitamin C, beta-carotene, fiber