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PROJECT:
GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION FOR
PUBLIC MUTUAL HQ
- GBI & LEED“Gold” rated -(Podium Block & Office Tower)
INTERIM REVIEW REPORT
BY
GBI COMMISSIONING SPECIALIST (CxS)
ON
UNDERFLOOR AIR PLENUM TESTING METHODS
JUNE 20, 2015
Prepared by: Reviewed by:
Pureaire Sdn Bhd
No. 18 Jalan TIB 1/21 Taman Industri Bolton,Batu Caves 68100, Selangor.Doc#: PMB/RF/15001
Date : 20th June, 2015 Date :
Interim CxS Review Report
Subject: Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) of Air Leakage Test for Underfloor Air Plenums
Prepared by: Pureaire Sdn Bhd
Date: 20th June 2015
EXEDUTIVE SUMMARY:
This project was designed based on the advance UFAD (Underfloor Air Distribution) concept with pressurizedplenum. The primary goal of acceptable airflow performance in underfloor plenums is to deliver the requiredamount and temperature of air to every location on the floor plate served by the plenum. In pressurizedplenums, this translates to maintaining, as closely as possible, a uniform air pressure throughout the plenumequal to the pressure set-point. When this type of uniform pressure control is maintained, every pressure-dependent diffuser served by the plenum will deliver the same volume of air as other diffusers of the same typeand opening setting. Though, for perimeter zones and other remote areas where fan-driven diffusers areemployed, airflow delivery can be enhanced by the local fan and will be less significantly impacted by thepressure maintained in the plenum, the loss in airflow prior to reaching these diffuser must be minimized.
Evidence from previous completed projects using pressurized plenums indicates that uncontrolled air leakagefrom the plenum can impair system performance. There are two primary types of uncontrolled air leakages:
1. Category 1 (Construction Quality Leakage):Leakage to the outside, to unconditioned spaces, or to the return path due to poor sealing or constructionquality of the plenum. The greatest detriment to system performance is leakage to unconditioned spaces,such as wall cavities (leading to increased risk of condensation); columns; and other short-circuitingpathways to the return plenum, outside the building, or back to the return of the floor below via fire stopsor other unsealed floor slab penetrations. These leaks represent air loss that is detrimental to theoperation of the system, causing an increase in fan power and possible loss of ability to condition thespace properly causing occupant discomfort. Extent of such leakage will affects achievement of GBI NRNC1.0 credits: EE5, EQ5, EQ6, EQ7 & LEED NC 2.2 credits: EAc1, EAc3, IEQc2, IEQc6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2
2. Category 2 (Floor Leakage):Leakage into the conditioned space between floor panels, through electrical boxes, or through closeddiffusers, and other floor openings, and joints at the edges of the floor and around columns. Leakagefrom the plenum into the occupied space is a class of leakage that has varying consequences dependingon a number of factors. In general, this leakage is not necessarily detrimental to the operation of thesystem. However, if the leakage rate is large, or if it occurs at the wrong place, it may cause comfortproblems. Extent of such leakage will affects achievement of GBI NRNC 1.0 credits: EQ6, EQ15 & LEED NC2.2 credits: IEQc2, IEQc6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2
Leakage through pressurized plenum is a function of floor panel type and installation, carpet tile installation,and pressure difference across the plenum. Despite relatively low pressures (0.05-0.1 in. wg [12.5-25 Pa]) usedin pressurized plenums, the large floor surface area can make this leakage an important consideration for designand operation. It is important to specify maximum leakage rates allowed for properly installed UFAD system.Submittal of published manufacturer data on UFAD leakage rates should be required for approval. The bestreference material for UFAD system design & testing is “UFAD Guide” (2013) published by ASHRAE.
A review on the SWMS submitted for plenum air leakage testing procedures arrived at the comments below:
1. SWMS has not addressed designer’s specification and manufacturer’s allowances.
2. Proposed testing instrument is not expected to be suitable for the test in accordance to guidelines.
3. SWMS has not addressed the subsequent QA/QC philosophy after the “mock-up” test.
We require further information from the contractor as listed in subsequent paragraphs. Quick response to thequeries is anticipated as preparation of testing and procurement of the appropriate instruments can take upconsiderable lead time and delayed decision can result in timely acknowledgement of mock-up construction.
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF POINTS RAISED ON SWMS SUBMITTED:
Discussion on SWMS shall be centralized around the suitability of the proposed test method andinstrumentation proposed.
Testing Reference:
It is mentioned that this SWMS is prepared in accordance with the recommendations in TATE “CommissioningAgent’s Guide for Inspection and Testing Access floor Air Plenums” version 2.2. A copy of freely downloadabledocument from TATE website is attached in this report as reference for subsequent discussion.
Reference to designer’s or manufacturer’s parameters:
It is not mentioned in SWMS the related key parameters of designed condition such as operational plenumpressure, airflow of diffusers, allowable leakage; and panel manufacturer’s parameters such as allowableleakage rate.
The contractor has to relate all the Designer’s parameters in SWMS to the objectives of testing procedures andalso stating the allowances & limitation of manufacturer’s products towards evaluation.
Testing & Verification Objectives and Quality Assurance philosophy:
It is not clear whether the test area stated in SWMS is to be an indicative exercise of construction method or ispart of a total quality control scheme. The philosophy is not stated clearly in SWMS. The stated area for initialtesting is as shown below at Level 7:
A few possible intepretation can be inferred from the proposed set-up:
1. This SWMS is only an indicative of construction method and quality. The test will be done only on asmall mock-up which is a representation of the entire UFAD system. Indicative result shall be followedup with improvement and/or remediation action. A revised construction method shall be drafted fromthe mock-up testing result as quality assurance script. The method shall be applied for the subsequentconstruction of the entire floor. This stage is the so-called the “mock-up commissioning” stagementioned in Tate’s Guide or ASHRAE UFAD Guide. The SWMS apparently only covers this stage.
2. Upon completion of raised floor construction of the whole floor. A full test shall be carried out on awhole constructed raised floor plenum of Level 7 and the result shall be verified against the qualityassurance script. This is the so-called the “final commissioning” as mentioned in Tate’s Guide orASHRAE UFAD Guide. The SWMS does not contain any details on this stage.
3. The quality assurance script shall address the quality control & assurance philosophy on the rest ofconstruction by either proposing the testing of all floors upon individual completion of respective floor;sample testing of randomly or sequentially selected floors only; or other QA/QC scheme. The contractorshall propose the scheme and to be approved by Architect & Engineers, with reference to theircontractual obligation. The testing time must be built-into the timeline of the entire constructionschedule to ensure tests to be conducted appropriately.
The contractors must state clearly in their revised SWMS on their commitment on some or all of the abovementioned stages.
We further want to request construction details on the “non-natural” leakage path of the selected area as theborder marked by dotted red lines in the above figure. This border shall not be found in final constructed floorand shall be sealed tightly during “mock-up” testing. The effect of this sealed border against the indication tothe interpretation of testing result must be deliberated. For example, as the expected air leakage is nominallyexpressed in airflow per unit area of raised floor panel but the majority of leak could the from the constructionjoints at perimeter. Hence, an isolated area, which is small with higher proportionate perimeter jointd mayarrive at a higher than expected air leakage rate (as the selected area).
Instrumentation:
The following instrument was mentioned:
We required elaboration how test result can have adequate resolution to determine pass/fail criteria as therange of pressure measurement is up to 7,000 Pa whereas the designed plenum pressure is probably 12.5-25 Pa.It can difficult to read reliably of such as small limits against such an inherent high range of instrument. Thoughthe SWMS acknowledges the low test pressure but it inconsistently proposed an unrealistically high pressuretesting fan & instrumentation. The contractor has to elaborate how to match the testing significance withpropose test equipment and instrumentation.
Furthermore, we did not see any of the calculationin demonstration to relate the expected orallowable leakage to capacity of testing fan.
The proposed testing fan maximum airflowcapacity is only 99.8 l/s (212 cfm). Whereas, anestimation of airflow requirement using the TateTesting Guide has shown that even Category 1leakage can be large than the capacity of fan, letalone the extra capacity of fan required tomaintain pressure in plenum while testing.
Also, as the testing pressure range is only afraction of the maximum intended use of thetesting fan. A reduction of fan speed to match thereduced testing pressure will drastically reduceairflow delivery. The fan curve graph of even of afan with only a maximum 3.5 kpa & 99.9 l/s hasshown the deficiency, let alone a 7.0 kPa fan.
The figure beside was extracted from a similartesting rig available in the market, in comparisonto that mentioned in SWMS.
The deficiency can be clearly visible if the all blank in Tate’s “UFAD Air Leakage Test Report” format is filled upagainst the proposed test site area as above. The contractor shall prepare a test sheet similar to the format forsubsequent testing work. We did not find such format of test sheet in the submittal. Though the phrase “testsheets for witness and signature” was mentioned several times in the SWMS.
We have prepared the proposed sample format accordance to Tate’s Guide for the future testing as in overleaf.A soft copy in Microsoft Excel format is attached with this report. Contractor is to review and reply on thesuitability of such format.
Review Comment & Recommendation:
We are in the opinion that the proposed testing instruments is not suitable for the air leakage testing of airplenums in this project. The instrument set up suitable for this project shall be of the high airflow rate againstlow static pressure type. In technical jargon, it shall have a “flat fan curve” as compare to the “steep fan curve”of the proposed set-up. There can be several options:
1. Look into other compatible testing instrument:
There can be other suitable testing rig available in the market. Insight on such instrument may be deducedfrom the attached slides describing the testing of a UFAD system by ASHRAE in year 2007.
2. Explore possibility of using floor AHU as testing fan:
There are successful case whereby such application worked. However, this is normally done in “finalcommissioning” as in ASHRAE UFAD Guide. A mock-up with separate testing fan is a faster way to assessconstruction quality ahead but if the sectional mock-up timeline and full floor mock-up timeline are close,such option can be considered as well.
3. Review the representation of the “mock-up” testing with reference to quality whole floor:
The contractor shall assess and interpret the “mock-up” testing result to realistically draft the following-upQA/QC scheme for their ease of passing the tests and yet ensure good end result to the Client. Thecontractor is advised to prepare a quality checklist similarly to that as described in Tate’s Guide tosystematically assess the influence of various factors.
4. Prepare other qualitative test method to expedite interpretation of “mock-up” test result:
Advanced trouble shooting method such as smoke test or infra-red scan can be useful in concluding the“mock-up” test result and give good visualization of necessary construction quality improvement orremediation than conventional testing method.
We are regretted to conclude that we are doubtful that the proposed SWMS can be suitable for the testing ofUFAD system raised floor construction of this project. However, we are nt surprised if contractor can justifiedthe proposal by satisfying all conditon in testing guidelines with innovative approached. We shall be lookingforward for the response to points raised on the SWMS from its orginator.
If the contracor is also in the opinion of existing proposed SWMS will not work, then immediate review and re-formulation of other methods must be done as the floor mock-up is approaching completion and theacceptance of the mock-up must not be delayed by the testing methodology.
------------------------------- End of Initial Review on UFAD System Air Leakage Test --------------------------------
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