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Fighting the War

Lessons 6-8

Continentals

British

About 10,000 How many soldiers? 50,000

No Experience? Yes

George Washington

Commander?

Thomas Gage

Limited Supplies and

Training

Weapons and

Training?

Well Supplied and Well Trained

British Advantage•Professional Soldiers

•Best Training

•Experienced Officers

•Newest Weapons

•Mercenaries – Hessians

•Native Americans Allies

Patriot Advantages

•Believes in War for Independence

•Home Field Advantage

•Good Militias

•Irregular Lines of Fighting

British Disadvantages•3,000 Miles From Home

•Getting Supplies to America

•Unfamiliar Land

•Don’t know who the enemy is – they all look alike

Patriot Disadvantages•Soldiers are Farmers

•Little Training

•Old Weapons

•No Experienced Leaders

•No Money

Valley Forge 1777-1778

movie 24:15-33:20

Poland • Casimir Pulaski• Thaddeus Kosciuszko

Germany• Johann de Kalb• Friedrich von Steuben

France• Marquis de Lafayette – teaches them fighting techniques

Spanish Governor of Louisiana - 1779• Sent guns, food, money, and later soldiers to Florida to fight the

British

- Von Steuben works wonders with the troops training them to how to - Von Steuben works wonders with the troops training them to how to march and how to be real soldiers. Teaches troops how to fight the march and how to be real soldiers. Teaches troops how to fight the European way and teaches them how to use the a bayonet during a European way and teaches them how to use the a bayonet during a charge.charge.

Date Battle Location

4/19/1775 The Battles of Lexington and Concord Lexington and Concord Massachusetts

5/10/1775 The Siege of Fort Ticonderoga Fort Ticonderoga, New York

5/27/1775 The Battle of Chelsea Creek Suffolk County, Massachusetts

6/16/1775 The Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill Charlestown, Massachusetts

12/31/1775 The Battle of Quebec Quebec City, Province of Quebec

8/27/1776The Battle of Long Island (Brooklyn

Heights)Long Island, New York

10/28/1776 The Battle of White Plains White Plains, New York

11/16/1776 The Battle of Fort Washington Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York

12/26/1776 The Battle of Trenton Trenton, New Jersey

1/3/1777 The Battle of Princeton Princeton, New Jersy

8/6/1777 The Battle of Oriskany Oriskany, New York

8/16/1777 The Battle of Bennington Bennington, New York

9/11/1777 The Battle of Brandywine Near Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania

9/19/1777The Battle of Saratoga (Freeman's

Farm)Saratoga County, New York

10/4/1777 The Battle of Germantown Germantown, Pennsylvania

10/7/1777 The Battle of Saratoga (Bemis Heights) Saratoga County, New York

6/28/1778 The Battle of Monmouth Monmouth, New Jersey

12/29/1778 The Capture of Savannah Savannah, Georgia

3/29/1780 The Siege of Charleston Charleston, South Carolina

8/16/1780 The Battle of Camden North of Camden, South Carolina

10/7/1780 The Battle of King's Mountain Near Blackburn, SC and King's Mountain, NC

1/17/1781 The Battle of Cowpens Cowpens, South Carolina

3/15/1781 The Battle of Guilford Courthouse Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina

9/8/1781 The Battle of Eutaw Springs Near present-day Eutawville, South Carolina

10/9/1781 The Battle of Yorktown Yorktown, Virginia

Date Battle Location

Battle of CowpensNathaneal Greene, commanding the American forces in the Carolinas, was faced by serious supply problems. He decided to detachment two forces from his main army. One, under Daniel Morgan, around 1000 men was well balanced, with a core of experienced Continental Infantry, Maryland and Virginia Militia, and a Continental Cavalry force under Colonel William Washington.

To Cornwallis, this force was a threat to the left flank of his planned advance into North Carolina and he sent a force commanded by Tarleton to catch it. The British force of 1,100 was composed of Tarleton's own British Legion, supported by regular infantry.

Tarleton's plan was quite simple. His men were to catch Morgan and immediately attack, expecting the militia to break, leaving the Continentals outnumbered. However, Morgan anticipated this, and deployed his men well. On 17 February 1781 he formed up in three lines at Hannah's Cowpens. First was a skirmishing line of about 150 sharpshooters. Next came the Carolina militia, whose orders were to fire two volleys and then withdraw behind the third line, of Continental Infantry and the Virginia Militia, placed on top of a hill. Once the British were engaged against this third line, the South Carolina militia on one flank and the Continental Cavalry on the other were to outflank them.

Tarleton fell into the trap. The American plan worked as expected. The riflemen and militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British, and then pulled back behind the line.

The British were further surprised when the third line of American regulars did not retreat, as they had so often done in the past, but instead held their ground and fired on the advancing British.

The British were convinced that the Americans were about the break, and their own formations started to lose their integrity as they moved to chase what they thought was a broken enemy.

However, the American movement was not a retreat, and Morgan was able to form them up behind the hill. The British in pursuit crested the hill to find not a retreating rabble, but an intact force that now turned and fired on the British. The units exposed to this fire broke almost instantly. Washington's cavalry and the militia now attacked the rest of the British force. The battle was lost within minutes. Tarleton managed to escape with forty cavalry, but the majority of his men surrendered.

At a cost of 12 dead and 60 wounded, Morgan had largely destroyed Tarleton's force. With 525 prisoners, 100 dead and 229 wounded (also captured), Tarleton had suffered losses of over 75%..

The Patriot – The Battle of Cowpens

Battle of Yorktown – Sept. 1781 – 20,600 American and French soldiers surround Cornwallis and force him to surrender, the war is almost over!

How did the

American Revolution

end?

The War Ends Page 184

Treaty – an agreement between two or more countries

Terms of the Treaty• Remove all British soldiers from the colonies• Accept the United States independence• Pay for towns that were destroyed

• British Request • Loyalists be treated fairly

Treaty of ParisSept. 3, 1783

Final Agreement • Named the United States of America as a new nation

• The United States of America would reach from Florida to Northern border (an imaginary line that goes through the Great lakes) and the Mississippi River will form the Western border.

The War EndsResults of the war:

The United Stated won independence.

Many Loyalists moved to Canada or the western frontier.

Many Native Americans lost their land. Americans felt justified because Native Americans had sided with the British.

Slavery continued. “All men are created equal” did not apply to enslaved Africans. The government needed the support of Southern plantation owners who depended on slavery.

Page 189

A NEW COUNTRY IS FORM…A NEW COUNTRY IS FORM…

AFTER 8 YEARS OF WAR!AFTER 8 YEARS OF WAR!

THE COLONIES ARE ON THEIR OWN…THE COLONIES ARE ON THEIR OWN…

YET THE 3 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE 13 YET THE 3 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE 13

NEW STATES WERE FAR FROM UNITED...NEW STATES WERE FAR FROM UNITED...

WHO IS IN CHARGE??? WHO IS IN CHARGE???

WHAT WOULD COME OF THE NEW WHAT WOULD COME OF THE NEW COUNTRY???COUNTRY???

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