1312 REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

and opening the lateral sinus there was a free rush of blood,which was stopped by pressure. Rigors and high temperatureoccurred for a few days, but the patient then rapidlyrecovered.-Dr. OLIVER showed a boy with Friedreich’sDisease, and Dr. LIMONT a woman with Molluscum Con-tagiosum, a man with Psoriasis treated for a month withthyroid powder with little effect, and a boy with PsoriasisRupioides, the crusts being studded with hæmorrhagic spots.-Other specimens were shown by Dr. MURPHY—viz., sevenExtra-Uterine Gestations, all recovering after operation ;Ruptured Appendix with Foreign Body; and Fibroid withTwisted Pedicle removed by abdominal hysterectomy.-Finally, Mr. PAGE showed two cases of Tubal Gestation ; anOxalate of Lime Calculus removed by a supra-pubic opera-tion ; an Ovarian Tumour and Sarcomatous Kidney removedat one operation ; and a Dermoid Cyst of Ovary.NOTTINGHAM MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY.-Dr. W.

HUNTER, President, occupied the chair at the meeting ofthis Society held on the 15th inst., when Dr. HANDFORDread a paper on the Gallop Rhythm in Cardiac Disease.Having defined the scope of the subject as includingthose cases in which three distinct heart sounds couldbe heard instead of two, he proceeded to discuss thecausation of reduplicated first or second sound. He gavereasons for doubting the adequacy of accepted explana-tions of this phenomenon. When the extra sound was

pericardial its significance was thought to be practicallynil. A doubled second sound was important as a help todiagnosis of mitral obstruction. An interpolated first soundmight be of great prognostic import, especially whenall three sounds were equidistant in time and of equalintensity.-The PRESIDENT and Dr. W. B. RANSOM discussedthe subject, and, Dr. HANDFORD having replied, Dr. ELDERshowed a woman aged thirty-five years upon whom he hadsuccessfully operated for Left-sided Pyosalpinx. The sac wasopened and drained, and purulent fluid amounting to fifteenounces evacuated, but the sac could not be removed on accountof adhesions. The patient had recently had an attack of

typhoid fever and, presumably, perforation of intestine.-Dr.ELDER then showed an Ovarian Tumour weighing eight pounds,and Dr. MICHIE brought forward the following specimens :(1) an Ovarian Cyst with Twisted Pedicle, one and a halfturns (from left to right), producing strangulation, success-fully removed from a patient six days after the onset of acutesymptoms ; (2) Parovarian Cyst with Twisted Pedicle, twoturns (from left to right), not producing strangulation ;(3) two Dermoid Ovarian Cysts removed from the samepatient ; (4) Tubal Gestation removed six weeks after cessa-tion of menstruation ; (5) Double Pyosalpinx removed from apatient with acute peritonitis produced by rupture of one ofthe tubes ; and (6) the Appendages removed for Myoma.Both the tubes and ovaries were affected with chronic inflam-mation and were densely adherent to the tumour. The lastfive specimens were removed during the last five days. Allthe patients were progressing satisfactorily.SHEFFIELD MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY. - Mr. R.

FAVELL presided at a meeting of this Society on Nov. 9th,when Sir J. Crichton-Browne was unanimously elected anhonorary member. Mr. DALE JAMES showed: (1) a boyaged ten years suffering from severe Kerion, with two

patches of keloid on the site of the scar of a burn ;(2) a baby ten days old with a large fluctuating CervicalCyst, from which aspiration with a fine needle procuredarterial blood ; and (3) a baby a week old showing Deformityof both Knees, apparently produced by partial dislocation ofthe head of the tibia forwards. -Mr. PyE-SnsITH showed a girlaged eleven years who had been caught by a button-hookin the right eye ten months ago. There was hæmorrhage,followed immediately by an impairment of sight in certaindirections. There was a scar at the insertion of the inferiorrectus and the eye could not be turned fully downwards.Diplopia was elicited on looking downwards. The paresis ofthe inferior rectus appeared to depend on the muscle havingbeen torn at its insertion.-Mr. PYE-SMITH also showed acase of Ophthalmoplegia Externa affecting the Right Eye of amarried woman aged thirty years. Ptosis commenced fivemonths before, and when first seen, a fortnight later, therewas paralysis of all the orbital muscles. The pupil was con-tracted but not quite inactive. After a month’s treat-ment with mercury and iodides the ptosis partly dis-

appeared and the external rectus recovered.-Dr. SWEETENshowed for Dr. CLAPHAM a Brain with a Patch of Softening inthe Left Parietal Cortex and a recent Embolus in a CorticalBranch of the Right Middle Cerebral Artery, Recent and

Loose Vegetations on the Aortic Valves, Small Kidneys withAdherent Capsules and Wasted Cortex, the result of chroniclead-poisoning, Carcinoma of Stomach with SecondaryDeposits in the Liver, all being from the same patient.-Dr..KNOX showed Ruptured Liver and Kidney caused by a fallfrom a scaffold.-Mr. CROSS showed the Bowel from a case of’Typhoid Fever with severe haemorrhage. The ulcers wer&

most numerous in the ascending colon.-Dr. ARTHUR HALLshowed some Brain Diagrams on slates and a microscopicspecimen of Kidney disintegrated by hydrochloric acid.-Mr. DAL JAMES showed the drawing of an Eruption occur-ring after Vaccination in a previously healthy child. Threeweeks after vaccination from the calf a few sharply accumi.-nated papules appeared on the vaccinated arm and on the face,and were followed by others during the next six months. The-crown of the papules was carious; in about three days theydeveloped into oval, tough, semi-translucent vesicles, exactlylike the pupæ of ants ; these existed for a week, eventuallyshrivelling up into filiform warty patches, which fell away inabout a week and left dry, rough, reddish areas much moreextensive than the original ones.-Mr. SIMEON SNELL thenread a paper entitled "Doctors as Men of Letters." Manymedical worthies were dealt with in detail and extracts were-given from their literary productions. Mr. Snell thought thatpeople were little aware of the large part medical men hadtaken in the literature of their country. Many of the most dis-tinguished in all branches of literature were either medical’men or had received a medical education. The lecturer dealtfully with different writers in different periods, mentioningtheir works and many interesting incidents relating to the"times in which they lived. The paper concluded by alludingto our English-speaking brethren on the other side of the

Atlantic, and especially to the works of Dr. Oliver WendellHolmes, a veteran who had in the last summer passedhis eighty-fourth birthday.

Reviews and Notices of Books.r

Voice-training Primer. By Mrs. EMILE BEHNKE and C. Wr’

PEARCE, Mus. Doc. Cantab. London : Chappell and Co.’

1893. Pp. 76.MRS. BEHNKE is well known as a most excellent teacher

! of singing upon thoroughly philosophical principles, whilstDr. Pearce holds a distinguished position as a professorof music. The little book they have published, thoughwritten in the somewhat unengaging style of questione.and answers, is quite a model of compression and givesa great deal of information even to those who may be

proficients in readng and rendering music. Everyone wholoves the concord of sweet sounds should read it through.Beginning with a short anatomical and physiologicaldescription of the organ of voice and the general mechanismof respiration, the mode of exercising the voice to the

best advantage is given. This is followed by a catechism.of musical theory, which Dr. Pearce, from whose pen it pro-ceeds, hopes will furnish vocal candidates at examinationswith all the theoretical answers to the questions likely to be.asked. This part gives an account of the pitch of sounds,the tonal relationship of sounds, including an account ofmajor and minor scales and their key signatures, diatonicand chromatic intervals, and chromatic scales. A chapter i&devoted to "time " and one to the movements of the instru..ment that marks it-the conductor’s "bton." It is a veryuseful and well-arranged book, which those of our professionwho have little time to study larger treatises may read withadvantage.

______

JOURNALS AND REVIEWS.

The Veterinary Journal for the months of June, July andAugust contains a most interesting and important paper byProfessor Thomassen, of the Utrecht Veterinary School,entitled "A Contribution to the Study of Disease of the

Nervous System " (in animals, of course), in which the morenotable and serious of these disturbances are dealt with in a.

1313REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

thoroughly scientific manner, especially cerebro-spinal menin-gitis. The illustrative cases given are particularly interestingto the pathologist, and show what an advance has been madein the study of these disorders. In the number for July, Dr.Goss of Marietta, Georgia, U.S.A., publishes an article infavour of the tincture of echinacea angustifolia, made fromthe root of that plant, which grows in Alabama, as a pre-ventive of hydrophobia. It appears to be also successfullyemployed as an accessory agent in the treatment of syphilis,cholera infantum, and diphtheria, as well as in ulcerationsgenerally ; it is applied locally and administered internally. Itis also stated to be a remedy for rhux poisoning and for healingpus cavities or abscesses in any part. The same number has aninstructive paper on infectious abortion in mares. In the

number for August the chief contribution is a lengthyarticle on anaathetics in veterinary surgery, which iswell worth perusal on account of the light it throws onthe action of chloroform and ether on various domesticanimals. It would appear that a fatal result from the

employment of anaesthetics is very rare in these creatures.In the September issue the chief papers are one on protectiveinoculation for what is technically known as " symptomaticanthrax," and one on skin grafting in animals by Thiersch’smethod ; whilst that for October has a communication fromProfessor Cadiot, of the Alfort Veterinary School, on tuber-culosis of the bronchi, trachea and larynx in the dog, and avery exhaustive inquiry into an outbreak of rabbit septicaemia,its nature and the specific organism which gives rise to it.

The Veterinarian for September and October has as its

chief features some records of cases and references to

anthrax. Reports of meetings of veterinary societies and

notices of the more prevalent contagious diseases amongthe domestic animals included in the Contagious Diseases(Animals) Act are also published.

In the September issue of the Journal of ComparativePathology and Therapeutics there is a varied collection of

articles of more or less interest, among which may beenumerated Some Joint Diseases’of the Horse, Equine:SarcopticScabies, and Hæmoglobinuria of the Horse, with a numberof clinical articles on diseases and accidents among horses,cattle, and dogs. An editorial article on Tuberculosis drawsattention to the statement published by Professor Jansen ofthe Tokio Veterinary School, Japan, that while this disease isvery prevalent among the human population-more so than inGermany-the Japanese cattle are completely free from it, forneither in the slaughter-houses at Yokohama and Tokio nor inany other locality has the slightest trace of tuberculosis yetbeen found among cattle of the pure Japanese breed. This

statement is accepted as a positive proof that tuberculosismay be extremely prevalent in man even where the source ofinfection which some have thought to be the most importantis only imaginary ; but it is also admitted that this does notprove that infection from cattle to man is not of frequentoccurrence in this country, though it is considered to bean element of proof in that direction. It is added that

every other consideration points in the same direction, andgoes to show that, while there may be occasional cases ofinfection of human beings from cattle, and vice versâ, stillin the two species the disease is practically independent-cattle being infected from cattle and human beings fromhuman beings. Professor Jansen remarks that since Japanbegan to admit foreign cattle, chiefly from America, partlyfor milk production and partly to improve the native breed,tuberculosis has been often met with, and that facts disclosedin the slaughter-houses and observations made at the Veteri-nary School show that, with few exceptions, the animals

imported from the United States, as well as their progeny,are more or less tuberculous, and that of the cross-breeds50 per cent. are already affected with tuberculosis.Archives de Physiologie. No. 4. October, 1893. Paris

Masson.-This part of the above work contains a large numberof articles-no less than twenty-six-the more important ofwhich are the Pathological Physiology of Nervous Shock, byM. H. Roger, a resumae of which we published in our issue ofNov. llth ; Researches on the Respiration of the Cetacea, byM. F. Jolyet; Researches upon the Localisation of TactileSensations, by M. Victor Henri, with two plates ; Experimentsupon the Digestive Power of the Pancreas in the Fasting Statein Normal Animals and in those deprived of their Spleen, byMM. Carvallo and Pachon ; on the Quantity of Fibrin in theBlood before and after it has passed through the Lungs, by A.Dastre ; on the Genesis of Subpleural Ecchymoses, byGabriel Corin ; on the Albuminoids of Milk, by MauriceArthus ; on the Contractility of the Biliary Ducts, byM. Doyon ; on the Effects of Total Ablation of the OccipitalLobes on Vision in the Dog, by M. Alexandre N. Vitzou;Some Novel Facts in regard to the Excitation and Inhibi-tion of Nerves, by Augustin Charpentier; on the Functionsof the Adrenals, by J. E. Abelous ; on Passive Dilatationof Vessels, by Ch.-A. Francois Franck; on the Import-ance of the Internal Secretion of the Kidneys, by Dr. BrownSequard.

The Bir7ningham Medical Revaeyv of November containsan excellent essay on Pelvic Abscess by Dr. C. J. Cullingworth.This article formed Dr. Cullingworth’s address at the open-ing meeting of the Midland Medical Society on Nov. 2ndand it was reported in THE LANCET of Nov. 4th. Dr. Simoncontributes a paper on Peritonitis, wherein he refers to thedifficulty of diagnosis where none of the circumstances

favouring the condition happen to be present, and points outthat it is precisely in those cases that a correct diagnosiswould often result in the saving of life. The account byMr. Barling of nine cases of Suppurative Peritonitis, uponeight of which he operated, should be read in connexionwith Dr. Simon’s paper, as the results of the cases, on the

whole, confirm the correctness of Dr. Simon’s favourable

expressions about operative interference. In eight of thenine cases diagnosed as suppurative peritonitis the abdomenwas incised or drained. Of these cases, five patientsrecovered and two died, while a third is reported, underdate Sept. 8tb, to be going down hill. The fatal issue oneach occasion took place in a case of very advanced anddisseminated disease.

The Practitioner. Vol. LL, No. 5. November, 1893.Macmillan and Co.-This number contains an instalment of a

paper by Dr. Alexander Morison entitled the ’’ Hæmo-Muscularand Hasmic Factors in Disease of the Heart "-a subject ofgreat practical importance, which is treated by the writer ip-a thoroughly scientific and philosophical manner. There is.

no doubt that more gain in rational treatment is to be

derived from a closer study of the cardiac muscle thanin the valvular defects upon the precise recognition ofwhich so much attention is bestowed, and Dr. Morison’sessay should serve to stimulate thought and inquiry in theformer direction. Dr. Weir Mitchell’s recent address to theNew York Academy of Medicine upon Precision in the Treat-ment of Chronic Disease is reproduced ; it is an able an

practical exposition of the "rest-treatment" which he intro-duced with such striking results. A brief note on the treat-ment of measles by eucalyptus inunction is contributed b;rrDr. Shelly, who, in conjunction with Mr. H. Savory, triedthis method at Haileybury College with results which." did not encourage us to extend its application. " Mr. A.

Greenwood describes Bad Bertrich, between Coblenz and

Treves, the waters of which are similar to, but less coneen-,trated than, those of Carlsbad.

TAe American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Vol. CVL,.No. 5. November, 1893. Philadelphia : Lea, Bros. and Co.-The most important articles in this number are two whichdeal with diphtheria, by Dr. Francis H. Wiliiams and Dr.

1314 NEW INVENTIONS.

Councilman, the former dealing with the subject clinically,the latter writing on the pathology and diagnosis. These

papers are fully dealt with in another column Dr. WilliamOsler has an interesting paper on Sporadic Cretinism inAmerica; an 1 Dr. Banister points out defects in the pre-vailing system of iifle practice which conduce to eye-strain,and he suggests that targets should be black and the

bull’s-eye and rings buff, and that when the recumbent

position is necessary it should be the prone position and,

never the back and side position that is assumed by themarksman.

International Medical Magazine. Vol. II., No. 9. October,1893. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.--One feature ofthis periodical is the space devoted to clinical lectures, ofwhich the present number contains three, all being of practicalvalue and interest. They are on Syphilitic Hemiplegia, byDr. Gowers of London ; on the Diagnosis and Treatment ofGastric Ulcer, by Professor Potain of Paris ; and on a case ofObscure Brain Lesion, by Dr. Brewer of Chicago. The originalcommunications have the merit of not being lengthy or diffuse.Dr. Lockhart Gillespie of Edinburgh describes some simplemethods for the analysis of the gastric contents, and ProfessorBondard of Paris writes on Albuminuria not of Renal Origin.A mild epidemic of diphtheria which occurred in Hightstown,New Jersey, last July, is related by Dr. Franklin of that

place. There were about forty cases, with eleven deaths,and all were supplied with milk from one source, althoughthe cases occurred in various parts of the town. In one

family the parents drank the infected milk and had thedisease, while the children drank other milk and escaped.There are several other papers dealing with such subjects asjaundice, pleurisy, enteritis, &c.

New Inventions.

LIEDBECK’S VIBRATOR.

VIBRATION is regarded by many as of great importance inpassive movements, and in Ling’s system of Swedish move-ment treatment it is systematically employed in combinationwith active and various forms of passive exercise. It is

averred that the vaso-motor nerves are thereby stimulated,and, as a consequence, there is a diminished blood-supply inthe part operated on, with resulting increased absorption ofthe products of tissue change. The vibration also stimu-lates muscular action, and by its effect on the sensory nervespain is relieved. Vibrations have been performed by thehands, but this is very exhausting to the operator, and,morever, the regularity and rapidity of the movements

are defective, and to meet these requirements vibrationmachines have been constructed ; but these, as a rule,have been unsatisfactory owing to their bulk and the

necessity of considerable motive power. Liedbeck of Stock-

holm, however, has invented an ingenious, neat, and por-table machine which is capable of satisfactorily performingthese fine percussion movements. It consists of a drivingmechanism with large and small cogwheels inside a casewith a winch handle. Attached to the small wheel is a

flexible spiral shaft of steel, which screws by the other endto the vibrator proper, within which there is a very clevermechanism for causing the to-and-fro movement. To this

can be fixed "contacts " of vaiious shapes, according tothe part of the body to be acted upon. When the

driving handle is turned at a uniform rate of from 100to 120 revolutions per minute vibrations of about 1500

per minute result, which may be very delicate, as when

applied in neuralgia with a fine rubber contact, or more

forcible, as with a disc over the region of the colonin constipation. The whole apparatus is contained in a

neat oblong box, measuring only eight inches and a half inits long diameter ; it is accompanied by a profusely illustratedhandbook showing its application to the various paits ofthe body. The machine is made in Stockholm, but can besupplied by the agent in London, Mr. F. J. liffin, 3, GreatWinchester-street, E. C.

THE UNEMPLOYED.

A VOLUMINOus report upon the agencies and methods fordealing with the unemployed has just been issued from theBoard of Trade and in view of the existing condition of ourown industrial community is most timely and interesting in aspecial degree. But although a large amount of informationis here collected it can hardly be said that the perusal ofthese pages does much to lighten the burdensome sense ofbeing face to face with an insoluble problem to which those whohave given attention to the relief of the necessitous poorhave grown only too well accustomed. This is, of course,no more than a necessity of the case. In the ranks ofthose who at any time are out of work there must

appear a large proportion of men who are morally andphysically unfit for work. Thtir unfitness may be im-

puted to them as a vice or it may be diagnosed as a

disease ; but, however accounted for, it must be recog-nised as a fact and a fact of capital importance in deal-ing with the indigent classes. Charity, to be efficient, mustbe discriminating. The history of medical charity affordsa striking illustration of this principle. The need of super-vision to exclude from the benefit of hospital relief those whoare not fit objects of hospital chaiity is now universallyrecognised and on all hands accepted without challenge assound doctrine. The difficulty of discriminating successfullyis great, even extreme ; however, a beginning has been made,and time will no doubt perfect the methods in use for this pur-pose But when it is a question of providing relief work thedifficulty of discrimination is greatly enhanced, and it canhardly be said that here even a beginning has been made. Forone thing, the organisation which administers relief in thisform is usually itself the creature of the hour and can

hardly be expected to be equipped for dealing with morethan the most manifest and pressing necessities. Thereare in the report under remark notices of permanent organi-sations which deal with the labourer out of work ; but,being permanent, they naturally and necessarily adjust theiroperations to the ordinary case of necessity arising in indi-viduals at times when the community as a whole is in the

enjoyment of its normal state of prosperity ; and, althoughthe Charity Organisation Society, for example, has givenmuch attention to the case of extraordinary and widespreaddistress, yet when the calamity actually occurs its function ismainly and of necessity advisory. The work must actually bedone and the scheme approved by persons to whom theproblem is more or less a new one. Considerations of a

very similar kind apply in the case of boards of guardians,upon whom indeed a season of widespread distress casts aheavy burden of responsibility. Of this burden they must,and do, discharge themselves in one way or another, but as arule without any but the roughest tests applied to determinethe fitness of applicants for work to receive relief in thisform. Recent y the Local Government Board has soughtto interest vestry and municipal authorities in thetask and has suggested the employment of men uponpublic works in seasons of distress. It is, however,obvious that this is much more easily said than done.The conditions of season and weather which give rise toshortness of work in the ordinary channels of employmentembarrass public undertakings in the same way, and it ismore than probable that no charity would be so inefficient asthat which the local authorities might be stirred up toadminister by the monitions of a central office, whose properfunction is to criticise and exercise a restraining influenceupon local extravagance. Upon the whole, it is impossibleto close this volume without feeling that there is yet muchneed of painstaking discussion of the best way of solving somuch of the problem of want of work as admits of solution ;but, at the same time, it is impossible to peruse it withoutbeing impressed with the value of the facts here collected asraw material of such discussion.

1 Board of Trade Labour Department. Published by Eyre & Spootis-woode. Price ls. 9d.