Revision of the Code of Revision of the Code of safe practice for Ships safe practice for Ships carrying timber deck cargocarrying timber deck cargo

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carrying timber deck cargocarrying timber deck cargo

International Maritime International Maritime Organization (IMO)Organization (IMO)

�� IMO established in 1959IMO established in 1959

�� Specialised agency of the UNSpecialised agency of the UN

�� Has 168 member states and three Has 168 member states and three

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�� Has 168 member states and three Has 168 member states and three associatesassociates

�� Promotes coPromotes co--operation among governments operation among governments and the shipping industry and legislates to and the shipping industry and legislates to improve maritime safetyimprove maritime safety

�� Permanent secretariat. HQ LondonPermanent secretariat. HQ London

What does IMO do?What does IMO do?Some current issuesSome current issues

�� Such as ammendments to SOLAS (fire Such as ammendments to SOLAS (fire protection in passenger ships)protection in passenger ships)

�� Certification and training (STCW)Certification and training (STCW)

Ship and Port Security Code (ISPS)Ship and Port Security Code (ISPS)

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�� Ship and Port Security Code (ISPS)Ship and Port Security Code (ISPS)

�� Working group on Greenhouse Gas Working group on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from ShipsEmissions from Ships

�� Working group on the Revision of the Code Working group on the Revision of the Code of Safe Practice for ships carrying timber of Safe Practice for ships carrying timber deck cargoes.deck cargoes.

The role of ICHCAThe role of ICHCA

�� IMO Stake holderIMO Stake holder

�� The only worldThe only world--wide, nonwide, non--profit organisation profit organisation dealing specifically with the handling and dealing specifically with the handling and movement of cargomovement of cargo

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movement of cargomovement of cargo

�� Has a panel of qualified professional peopleHas a panel of qualified professional people

�� Can make a significant contribution to the Can make a significant contribution to the debate on the safety, including the carriage debate on the safety, including the carriage of timber deck cargoof timber deck cargo

The IMO timeline for The IMO timeline for revision of the Coderevision of the Code

�� 2007. All interested member states (and 2007. All interested member states (and others such as ICHCA) form groups with others such as ICHCA) form groups with Sweden acting as CoSweden acting as Co--ordinator ordinator

�� 2008. Present a draft version of the revised 2008. Present a draft version of the revised

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�� 2008. Present a draft version of the revised 2008. Present a draft version of the revised CodeCode

�� 2009. Continuous revision (Correspondence 2009. Continuous revision (Correspondence groups etc)groups etc)

�� 2010. Finalise the Code and prepare 2010. Finalise the Code and prepare submission.submission.

Why the new Code?Why the new Code?

�� First version published in the early 1970’sFirst version published in the early 1970’s

�� Present Code published 1991Present Code published 1991

�� Need to examine and replace outdated Need to examine and replace outdated methods by a more rational (scientific) and methods by a more rational (scientific) and

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methods by a more rational (scientific) and methods by a more rational (scientific) and researched approachresearched approach

�� Old regulations not easily complied withOld regulations not easily complied with

�� Leading to poor complianceLeading to poor compliance

�� Continued loss of deck cargoes leading to Continued loss of deck cargoes leading to loss of life and environmental dangersloss of life and environmental dangers

Danger of sinking and Danger of sinking and loss of lifeloss of life

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For example ‘Ice Prince’For example ‘Ice Prince’

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Overhead viewOverhead view

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Environmental dangersEnvironmental dangers

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Small Russian vesselSmall Russian vessel

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Raft of timberRaft of timber

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Purpose of the revised Purpose of the revised CodeCode

�� Provide practices for safe transportationProvide practices for safe transportation

�� Methodologies for safe stowing and securingMethodologies for safe stowing and securing

�� Design principles for securing systemsDesign principles for securing systems

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�� Design principles for securing systemsDesign principles for securing systems

�� Procedures and instructions on safe Procedures and instructions on safe stowage and securing to be included in stowage and securing to be included in ships cargo securing manual ships cargo securing manual

�� Sample checkSample check--lists for safe stowage and lists for safe stowage and securingsecuring

Some points under Some points under consideration consideration

�� Forces and acceleration acting on cargoForces and acceleration acting on cargo�� Physical properties of various timber and Physical properties of various timber and

logslogs�� Conducting experiments to establish Conducting experiments to establish

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�� Conducting experiments to establish Conducting experiments to establish coefficients of friction, including packages coefficients of friction, including packages with plastic wrapping. Wet/dry conditionswith plastic wrapping. Wet/dry conditions

�� Examine requirements concerning ballasting Examine requirements concerning ballasting and stabilityand stability

�� Strength and suitability of packagesStrength and suitability of packages�� Strength and suitability of lashingsStrength and suitability of lashings

Experimental results Experimental results

�� Five inclination tests to be carried outFive inclination tests to be carried out

�� Timber to timberTimber to timber

�� Timber to steelTimber to steel

Timber package (plastic cover)Timber package (plastic cover)

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�� Timber package (plastic cover)Timber package (plastic cover)

�� Static friction is calculated as u=tan aStatic friction is calculated as u=tan a

�� a is the angle at which the cargo starts to a is the angle at which the cargo starts to slideslide

�� Static friction is used for tight block stowage Static friction is used for tight block stowage and top over lashing systemsand top over lashing systems

Experiment to determine Experiment to determine the strength of uprightsthe strength of uprights

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Logs inclinationLogs inclination

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Critical point 34 degreesCritical point 34 degrees

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Steel uprights in useSteel uprights in use

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Experiment to establish the Experiment to establish the effectiveness of top over effectiveness of top over lashinglashing

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Inclining experiment with Inclining experiment with packages. Top over lashingpackages. Top over lashing

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Top over lashings in useTop over lashings in use

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The strength and The strength and charachteristics of bundles charachteristics of bundles including plastic wrappingincluding plastic wrapping

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Experiment to determine Experiment to determine the point at which packs of the point at which packs of lumber deformlumber deform

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Timber deck cargo being Timber deck cargo being loaded. Note stress on loaded. Note stress on bottom packsbottom packs

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Design criteria (new Design criteria (new formulae) for stanchions formulae) for stanchions and bottom blocking devicesand bottom blocking devices

�� Will depend on cargo weight, lengthWill depend on cargo weight, length

�� Internal friction cargo/hatchcoverInternal friction cargo/hatchcover

�� Stowage heightStowage height

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�� Stowage heightStowage height

�� Rigidity of packagesRigidity of packages

�� Type of cargo (sawn or round)Type of cargo (sawn or round)

�� Transverse accelerationsTransverse accelerations

�� Use of hog lashingsUse of hog lashings

DocumentationDocumentation

�� Each cargo securing manual to have a Each cargo securing manual to have a lashing plan showing (for example)….lashing plan showing (for example)….

�� Max cargo weight for which the Max cargo weight for which the arrangement is designed arrangement is designed

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Max cargo weight for which the Max cargo weight for which the arrangement is designed arrangement is designed

�� Max stowage heightMax stowage height

�� Required number and strength of Required number and strength of lashings and blocking deviceslashings and blocking devices

�� Required preRequired pre--tension in lashingstension in lashings

Example of packaged Example of packaged lumber lumber –– top over chain top over chain lashing lashing –– no stanchionsno stanchions

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Top over web lashing.Top over web lashing.No stanchionsNo stanchions

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Log cargo Log cargo –– with uprightswith uprightsNicely tapered at the bowNicely tapered at the bow

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Timber uprights in useTimber uprights in use

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Broken timber uprights.Broken timber uprights.No hog lashingsNo hog lashings

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Loading. (nearing Loading. (nearing completion) Tight stow completion) Tight stow using wedgesusing wedges

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Building walkway for safe Building walkway for safe access forward during access forward during voyagevoyage

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Nearing completion. Nearing completion. Driver access to cranesDriver access to cranes

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SummarySummary

�� The New Code will address all the factors The New Code will address all the factors affecting timber cargoes e.g.affecting timber cargoes e.g.

�� FrictionFriction

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�� StabilityStability

�� Strength and suitability of lashingsStrength and suitability of lashings

�� Amount of lashingAmount of lashing

�� Uprights and hog lashingsUprights and hog lashings

�� Safety of personnelSafety of personnel