REVISION(PART I – FROM ENGLISH FOR LAWYERS)

English I

What Is Meant by Law?

Why is it difficult to define the term law?The most common definition of law in English

legal theory (the elements: conduct, a state, the courts)

The social purpose of the law

Vocabulary revision

Rules to which actions conformRules of conductTo avenge violationTo establish social order

Translation

A norm is a law if its infraction is regularly met, in threat or in fact, by the application of physical force by an individual or group possessing the socially recognised privilege of so acting.

Sources and Varieties of English Law

The rules of equityCommon lawPublic and private law (criminal and civil law)

Vocabulary revision

Rules of equityCommon lawJudicial precedentsCivil and criminal law

Translation

Further differences derive from the fact that English common law is a native product of Britain and has absorbed only a few rules of Roman law.

Statute Law in Britain

Parliament (the House of Commons and the House of Lords)

The procedure of making statutesPublic and private acts

Vocabulary revision

Statute lawLegislatureAdjudicationPublic actsRepeal

Translation

If a new statute alters the effect of some older statute already in the book, the new statute must clearly include a repeal of whatever in the old one is inconsistent with the intentions of the new.

The Legal Profession in England

How to become a solicitorThe solicitor’s jobHow to become a barristerThe barrister’s jobComplex cases – the co-operation between a

solicitor and a barrister

Vocabulary revision

To serve articlesConveyancingInns of the CourtPupillage in chambersThe right of audience in court

Translation

A barrister intending to practice must choose in which part of the law he or she intends to specialize. A portion of their work includes th drafting of opinions on difficult points of law, the settling of pleadings, and advice on evidence and procedural matters.

Legal Aid

What is Legal Aid?Who can obtain legal aid free of charge?The Legal Advice and Assistance Act of 1972Access to Justice Act of 1999Legal aid in civil mattersLegal aid in criminal matters

Vocabulary revision

People of limited meansCivil case and criminal chargeThe Legal Advice and Assistance ActLitigationSupplementary BenefitLegal advice centre

Translation

It was not until the Legal Advice and Assistance Act of 1972 that the services of a solicitor were similarly obtainable for work not necessarily involving litigation.

From the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia

Unitary state, democratic state, social stateWhat can the Croatian Sabor and people

decide on?The highest values of the constitutional order

of the Republic of Croatia

Vocabulary revision

Power derives from the peopleInalianeable sovereigntyInviolability of ownershipSeparation of powersLaws conform with the Constitution

The Significance of a Constitution

What is a constitution?What does a constitution establish?What does a constitution legitimize?

Translation

As the supreme legal act, a constitution establishes the basis for relations between citizens and governmental bodies and all those who are vested with public authority.

The Nature and Sources of American Federalism

The Virginia Plan and the New Jersey PlanThe definition of American federalismNational powersState powersConcurrent powers

Vocabulary revision

Framers of the ConstitutionThreefold distinctionCivil warAllocation of powersConcurrent powersTo levy taxes

Translation

The Constitution expressly gives to the national government such important powers as levying taxes, but it makes no effort to prohibit the states from also exercising such authority within their own borders.

Thank you for your attention!